Dual electrochemical sensing of spiked virus and SARS-CoV-2 using natural bed-receptor (MV-gal1).

It has been necessary to use methods that can detect the specificity of a virus during virus screening. In this study, we use a dual platform to identify any spiked virus and specific SARS-CoV-2 antigen, sequentially. We introduce a natural bed-receptor surface as Microparticle Vesicle-Galactins1 (MV-gal1) with the ability of glycan binding to screen every spiked virus. MV are the native vesicles which may have the gal-1 receptor. Gal-1 is the one of lectin receptor which can bind to glycan. After dropping the MV-gal1 on the SCPE/GNP, the sensor is turned on due to the increased electrochemical exchange with [Fe(CN)6]-3/-4 probe. Dropping the viral particles of SARS-CoV-2 cause to turn off the sensor with covering the sugar bond (early screening). Then, with the addition of Au/Antibody-SARS-CoV-2 on the MV-gal1@SARS-CoV-2 Antigen, the sensor is turned on again due to the electrochemical amplifier of AuNP (specific detection).For the first time, our sensor has the capacity of screening of any spike virus, and the specific detection of COVID-19 (LOD: 4.57 × 102 copies/mL) by using the natural bed-receptor and a specific antibody in the point of care test.

Author Correction: Impediometric Electrochemical Sensor Based on The Inspiration of Carnation Italian Ringspot Virus Structure to Detect an Attommolar of miR.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Impediometric Electrochemical Sensor Based on The Inspiration of Carnation Italian Ringspot Virus Structure to Detect an Attommolar of miR.

Electrochemical sensors are the tools to detect the accurate and sensitive miRs. There is the challenge to increase the power and sensitivity of the surface for the electrochemical sensor. We design a virus-like hallow structure of cuco2o4 that it holds the large amounts of p19 protein by mimicking of inherent virus (Carnation italian ringspot virus) to detect 21mir with the limit of detection (LOD = 1aM). The electrochemical measurements are performed between the potentials at -0.3 V and +0.3 V with 1 mM [Fe(CN)6] -3/-4. After dropping the cuco2o4 on the SCPE (screen carbon printed electrode), the sensor is turned on due to the high electrochemical properties. Then, p19 proteins move into the hallow structure and inhibit the exchange of electrochemical reactions between the shells and the sensor is turned off. Then, adding the duplexes of RNA/miRs cause to increase the electrochemical property of p19 due to the change of p19 conformation and the system is turned on, again. So, for the first time, a virus-like hallow structure has been used to detect the 21miR in the human serum, MCF-7, Hella cells, with high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility in few minutes.

Different liposome patterns to detection of acute leukemia based on electrochemical cell sensor.

Leukemia is the worst type of malignancy in children which its proper diagnosis can be used in the treatment. We design the turn-off sensor by using the different electrochemical patterns of liposomes to the detection of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Our design is first sandwiched by lectin liposome which increases the electrochemical exchange on the electrode. With the addition of Molt-4 cells, the bonding connection between the n-glycan and lectin can also increase the electrochemical exchange with the high detection cells. Subsequently, the addition of boronic acid liposomes decreases the resistance due to covering glycosylation bond and the sensor is turn-off. But stable and specific binding with the sialic acid causes the higher detection of Molt-4 cells. The electrochemical measurements are performed between the potentials at -0.4 V and +0.4 V with 1 mM [Fe(CN)6] -3/-4. So, for the first time, we designed a cells sensor based on the different patterns of liposomes to screening the N-glycan cells, which can be used in the point of care tests with higher sensitivity.

Design of a DOPC-MoS2/AuNP hybrid as an organic bed with higher amplification for miR detection in electrochemical biosensors.

The liposome-based biosensors are used for detection of nucleic acids and proteins as organic beds which are biocompatible tools for point of care tests, but their lack of sensitivity has been challenging. Therefore, designing a proper strategy is vital to increase the sensitivity of the target in diagnostic tests. In this study, for the first time, we use a combination of cationic DOPC liposome (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine) with MoS2 to enhance the sensitivity of liposomal sensors clearly. The electrochemical measurements are performed between potentials at - 0.4 V and + 0.4 V with 1 mM [Fe(CN)6]-3/-4. At first, we construct the DOPC/MoS2 hybrid (as a mineral/organic bed) to promote higher electrochemical behavior than DOPC liposome (as organic bed). In this research, adding AuNP can cause attachment with both the DOPC and MoS2. Therefore, the electrochemical reactions are enhanced accordingly to provide more positions for attaching the probes on the AuNP. So our DOPC-MoS2/AuNP hybrid can detect miR-21 with high sensitivity (LOD = 10 aM) because of attachment of miR-21 to MoS2/AuNP in addition to DOPC/AuNP. This sensor has also high specificity and repeatability as a biocompatible sensor, which can be used in point of care tests and transduction instruments.

Sequential or multiplex electrochemical detection of miRs based on the p19 function relative to three sandwiches of different structural hybrids on the liposomal sensor.

In this work, we designed a liposomal electrochemical sensor with DOTAP-DOPE liposome, chimeric probes, p19 as a caliper molecule, and the competitor structural hybrid (just RNA) for detection of three micro-RNAs in one SPCE/GNP electrode. The sensor is stabled when the cationic spherical DOTAP-DOPE liposomes sandwich with hybrids of the different sandwiched of probes (T-M-linear, Stem) and 21-124a-221miRs. With the addition of P19, in the presence of a sandwiched competitor (T-linear/21miR), the system is stable (ON) and is shut off in the presence of structural sandwiched hydrides of M-linear+124a/Stem+221 miR due to the lack of adequate access to segments of RNA-miRs of chimeric probes. For the first time in this study, three probes were sandwiched on the separate liposome for sequential identification of 21-124a-221 or multiplex detection of miRs (221 or 124a with 21) with high specificity and sensitivity (as low as 0.1 fM). Electrochemical impedance (EIS) were performed for sensing three miRs in PBS containing 1 mM [Fe(CN)6]-3/-4 which DOTAP-DOPE liposome acted as an enhancing intermediate layer in the electrochemical reactions. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) spectroscopic techniques are used to understand the interactions between the DOPE-DOTAP, AuNP, different probes, miRs and p19.

Author Correction: Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of miRs Based on the Differential Effect of Competitive Structures in The p19 Function.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of miRs Based on the Differential Effect of Competitive Structures in The p19 Function.

The present study aim to design a liposomal electrochemical sensor using 1, 2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine(DOPE), chimeric probes and p19, it has been considered as a caliper molecule as well. Also the competitor structural hybrid (RNA) was used to detect three types of miRs in one screen printed electrode modified by gold nanoparticle (SCPE/GNP). In this purpose, the sensor signal stabilized when the cationic DOTAP-DOPE with hybrids of the chimeric probes (Stem, M-linear) sandwiched in order to detect 221-124a miRs. Given the lack of accessibility to RNA-miRs segments of chimeric probes, p19 inhibited the electrochemical reaction and shifted signal to off. After that p19 connected with the free hybrid of T-linear/21miR (just RNA) as competing for structure and the signal was shifted to ON, again. In this study, the electrochemical measurements were performed between the potentials at -0.4 V and +0.4 V with 1 mM [Fe(CN)6]-3-/4 which DOTAP-DOPE acted as an enhancer layer in the electrostatically reaction. This sensor determines as low as 0.4 fM of miRNA with high selectivity and specificity for sequential analysis of 124a-221-21 miRs in just 2 h.