Effect of Slow Maxillary Expansion and Alternative Rapid Maxillary Expansion Protocols on Airway Volume in Cleft Palate Cases: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Based Study.

A total of 22 patients with cleft palate aged 8 to 12 years were selected and categorized into two groups: the first group was treated with alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) using an expander with differential opening (EDO) and facemask, while the second group was treated using slow maxillary expansion (SME) using an EDO. Finally, the pharyngeal airway volume in the two groups was compared using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT scans were performed before expansion and six months following the expansion. Alveolar crest level, maxillary breadth, nasal cavity width, arch width, inclination of the molar teeth, buccal and palatal alveolar bone thickness, and maxillary alveolar width were all assessed. Paired t-tests (p=0.05) were applied to compare interphase data. The two groups showed a non-significant difference in terms of nasopharyngeal volume (cm3), oropharyngeal volume (cm3), and overall pre- and post-treatment results (p>0.005). Results of comparison of pre- and post-treatment periods in the Alt-RAMEC group revealed a significantly higher cleft volume (cm3) (p=0.001). Results of comparison of pre- and post-treatment periods in the SME group revealed a substantial rise in cleft volume (cm3) (p=0.003). Results from a comparison of the cleft volume (cm3) between the two study groups pre- and post-intervention revealed a non-significant difference (p=0.200 and 0.054, respectively).

Hypogammaglobulinemia and infections in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with anti-CD20 treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 19,139 multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Recent years have seen the emergence of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis (MS), such as anti-cluster of differentiation 20 (anti-CD20) monoclonal antibodies, aiming to modulate the immune response and effectively manage MS. However, the relationship between anti-CD20 treatments and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, particularly the development of hypogammaglobulinemia and subsequent infection risks, remains a subject of scientific interest and variability. We aimed to investigate the intricate connection between anti-CD20 MS treatments, changes in IgG levels, and the associated risk of hypogammaglobulinemia and subsequent infections. Method: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases have been searched for relevant studies. The "R" software utilized to analyze the occurrence of hypogammaglobulinemia, infections and mean differences in IgG levels pre- and post-treatment. The subgrouping analyses were done based on drug type and treatment duration. The assessment of heterogeneity utilized the I2 and chi-squared tests, applying the random effect model. Results: Thirty-nine articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were included in our review which included a total of 20,501 MS patients. The overall prevalence rate of hypogammaglobulinemia was found to be 11% (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.15). Subgroup analysis based on drug type revealed varying prevalence rates, with rituximab showing the highest at 18%. Subgroup analysis based on drug usage duration revealed that the highest proportion of hypogammaglobulinemia occurred in individuals taking the drugs for 1 year or less (19%). The prevalence of infections in MS patients with a focus on different infection types stratified by the MS drug used revealed that pulmonary infections were the most prevalent (9%) followed by urinary tract infections (6%), gastrointestinal infections (2%), and skin and mucous membrane infections (2%). Additionally, a significant decrease in mean IgG levels after treatment compared to before treatment, with a mean difference of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.93). Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of anti-CD20 drugs on serum IgG levels in MS patients, exploring the prevalence of hypogammaglobulinemia, based on different drug types, treatment durations, and infection patterns. The identified rates and patterns offer a foundation for clinicians to consider in their risk-benefit. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=518239, CRD42024518239.

Appraisal of the Accuracy and Reliability of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Three-Dimensional Printing for Volumetric Mandibular Condyle Measurements of a Human Condyle.

Background This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of volumetric measurements of three-dimensional (3D)-printed human condyles from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in comparison to physical condyles using a water displacement test. Methodology A sample of 22 dry condyles was separated from the mandibular body by disc, mounted on a base made of casting wax, and scanned using the SCANORA (Scanora 3DX, Soredex, Finland) CBCT scanner. Subsequently, the projection data were reconstructed with the machine-dedicated OnDemand 3D (Cybermed Co., Seoul, Korea). The Standard Tessellation Language file was prepared for 3D printing using chitubox slicing software v1.9.1. Frozen water-washable gray resin was used for 3D printing. All condyles were printed using the same parameters and the same resin. The volumetric measurements were then performed using a customized modified pycnometer based on water volume and weight displacement. Volumetric measures were performed for both the physical human condyles and the 3D-printed replicas and the measurements were then compared. Results The volume of dry condyles using the water displacement method showed an average (±SD) of 1.925 ± 0.40 cm3. However, the volume of 3D-printed replicas using the water displacement method showed an average (±SD) of 2.109 ± 0.40 cm3. The differences in measurements were insignificant (p > 0.05), as revealed by an independent t-test. Conclusions Highly precise, accurate, and reliable CBCT for volumetric mandibular condyle was applied for measurements of a human condyle and 3D-printed replica. The modified pycnometer for volumetric measurements presented an excellent volumetric measure based on a simple water displacement device. The tested modified pycnometer can be applied in volumetric measurements in both 3D-printed and mandibular condyle. For best accuracy, the highest scanning resolution possible should be used. As it directly handles irregularly shaped solid objects in a non-destructive manner with a high level of precision and reliability, this 3D scanning approach may be seen as a superior alternative to the current measurement methods.

The Influence of Low-Level Laser Therapy on CBCT Radiographic and Biochemical Profiles of Type II Controlled Diabetic Patients After Dental Implant Insertion: A Randomized Case-Control Study.

Background Low-level laser treatment (LLLT) was thought to increase bone quality during osseointegration when combined with dental implants. However, there is no sufficient information on its impact on dental implants in diabetics. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) has been described as a marker for bone turnover to determine implant prognosis. The current research aims to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone density (BD) and osteoprotegerin levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) in type II diabetic patients. Methods This study comprised 40 individuals with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Implants were randomly placed in 20 non-lasered T2DM patients (control) and 20 lasered T2DM patients (LLLT group). At the follow-up stages, BD and OPG levels in the PICF were evaluated in both groups. Results Significant variations were shown among control and LLLT groups concerning OPG level and BD (p≤0.001). OPG was significantly decreasing with follow-up points (p≤0.001). There was a significant decrease in OPG with time in both groups with a higher decrease in the control group. Conclusion LLLT is promising in controlled T2DM patients due to its outstanding influence on BD and estimated crevicular levels of OPG. Regarding its clinical significance, LLLT significantly improved bone quality during osseointegration on dental implants in T2DM. LLLT is considered potentially important for T2DM patients during implant placement. Trial registration The study was registered on ClinicalTrial.gov under registration number NCT05279911 (registration date: March 15, 2022) (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05279911).

A Modified Double Z-Plasty for Bilateral Cleft Lip Repair.

Repairing bilateral cleft lip (BCL) with a modified Z-Plasty technique to overcome many complications encountered with other traditional techniques was attempted in a group of Egyptian subjects at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt between May 2018 to May 2021. The study included 20 patients suffering from primary BCL of both genders with ages ranging from one week to one year. 60% of the patients were female and 40% were males. The modified Z-Plasty technique was used in all patients. Wound healing in all cases was uneventful. No inflammation, infection or wound dehiscence were reported in this study. Postoperative gummy show improved significantly (p=0.001), and 70% of patients had zero postoperative maxillary ridge show as lip lengths improved significantly. The clinical results of the modified double Z-Plasty technique used for closure of BCL were very interesting and avoid scarifying vermillion tissue in addition to the increase of both philtrum length and lip volume. Key Words: Bilateral cleft left lip, Repair, Z-Plasty.

Thermosensitive injectable graphene oxide/chitosan-based nanocomposite hydrogels for controlling the in vivo release of bupivacaine hydrochloride.

Local anesthetics are commonly used for the management of intraoperative and postoperative acute and chronic pain caused by small invasive procedures. However, their short half-life and duration of action limit their clinical benefits. In this study, we proposed the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to chitosan (CS)/ß-glycerophosphate (GP) thermosensitive hydrogel system to form an injectable nanocomposite hydrogel (NCH) with improved mechanical properties and better control over the release of bupivacaine hydrochloride (BH). The prepared NCHs were characterized for their gelation time, porosity, swelling ratio, injectability, mechanical strength and in vitro drug release. In vivo, the efficacy of the prepared NCH containing 0.5 % w/v BH was evaluated using a thermal nociceptive assay in a rat model. The incorporation of GO significantly enhanced the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the hydrogel scaffolds in a concentration-dependent manner. Inclusion of 0.1% w/v GO resulted in 84% reduction in gelation time and 16% and 40% decrease in the porosity and swelling ratio of the NCHs, respectively. The mechanical strength of the CS/GP hydrogel scaffolds was also significantly improved in presence of GO. BH was slowly released from the NCHs containing 0.1% w/v GO and resulted in a 55% and 86.43% drug release after 6 and 24 h, respectively. In vivo studies showed that BH-loaded NCH significantly prolonged the local anesthetic effect and resulted in a 6.5-fold increase in blocking the pain sensory reflex compared to BH solution. These results indicate that the incorporation of GO significantly improved the physical and mechanical properties of CS/GP thermosensitive hydrogels and successfully sustained the effect of local anesthesia for more effective pain management.

Nanoscale Thermosensitive Hydrogel Scaffolds Promote the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem and Progenitor Cells: A Minimally Invasive Approach for Cartilage Regeneration.

PURPOSE: Several scaffolds and cell sources are being investigated for cartilage regeneration. The aim of the study was to prepare nanocellulose-based thermosensitive injectable hydrogel scaffolds and assess their potential as 3D scaffolds allowing the chondrogenic differentiation of embedded human dental pulp stem and progenitor cells (hDPSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hydrogel-forming solutions were prepared by adding ß-glycerophosphate (GP) to chitosan (CS) at different ratios. Nanocellulose (NC) suspension was produced from hemp hurd then added dropwise to the CS/GP mixture. In vitro characterization of the prepared hydrogels involved optimizing gelation and degradation time, mass-swelling ratio, and rheological properties. The hydrogel with optimal characteristics, NC-CS/GP-21, was selected for further investigation including assessment of biocompatibility. The chondrogenesis ability of hDPSCs embedded in NC-CS/GP-21 hydrogel was investigated in vitro and compared to that of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), then was confirmed in vivo in 12 adult Sprague Dawley rats. RESULTS: The selected hydrogel showed stability in culture media, had a gelation time of 2.8 minutes, showed a highly porous microstructure by scanning electron microscope, and was morphologically intact in vivo for 14 days after injection. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses and real-time PCR confirmed the chondrogenesis ability of hDPSCs embedded in NC-CS/GP-21 hydrogel. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that nanocellulose-chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel is a biocompatible, injectable, mechanically stable and slowly degradable scaffold. hDPSCs embedded in NC-CS/GP-21 hydrogel is a promising, minimally invasive, stem cell-based strategy for cartilage regeneration.

Anthropometric Analysis of Secondary Cleft Lip Rhinoplasty Using Costal Cartilage Graft.

Despite the improvement of primary repair of nasal deformities during the management of cleft lip in infancy, this does not exclude the need for revision rhinoplasty in adulthood for complete patients' rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the aesthetic outcome of secondary rhinoplasty using costal cartilage grafts in patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Twenty patients who were operated at earlier ages for correction of cleft lip and had a residual unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity were included in this study. Costal cartilage rib grafts were harvested; carved and used for maxillary augmentation, columellar strut graft, and lateral crural strut graft. Five anthropometric measurements (nostril height, width and gap area, columellar axis deviation angle and nasal base inclination angle) were used for evaluation of aesthetic results. The ratio of nostril width, height and gap area between the cleft side and the non-cleft side showed significant improvement (P <0.05). The columellar axis deviation showed significant improvement towards the midline (P = 0.004), and the alar base inclination showed improvement towards the horizontal line (P = 0.0045). In conclusion, the aesthetic outcomes of secondary cleft lip rhinoplasty using the costal cartilage are satisfactory. The costal cartilage has the required strength, is easily carved and maintains shape for considerable time.

Autologous Bone Marrow Concentrates and Concentrated Growth Factors Accelerate Bone Regeneration After Enucleation of Mandibular Pathologic Lesions.

Stem cell therapy is a revolutionary new way to stimulate mesenchymal tissue regeneration. The platelets concentrate products started with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), followed by platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), whereas concentrated growth factors (CGF) are the latest generation of the platelets concentrate products which were found in 2011. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of combining autologous bone marrow concentrates and CGF for treatment of bone defects resulting from enucleation of mandibular pathologic lesions. Twenty patients (13 males and 7 females) with mandibular benign unilateral lesions were included, and divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 10 patients who underwent enucleation of the lesions followed by grafting of the bony defects with autologous bone marrow concentrates and CGF. Group II consisted of 10 patients who underwent enucleation of the lesions without grafting (control). Radiographic examinations were done immediately postoperative, then at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, to evaluate the reduction in size and changes in bone density at the bony defects. Results indicated a significant increase in bone density with respect to the baseline levels in both groups (P < 0.05). The increase in bone density was significantly higher in group I compared with group II at the 6- and 12-month follow-up examinations (P < 0.05). The percent of reduction in the defects' size was significantly higher in group I compared with group II after 12 months (P = 0.00001). In conclusion, the clinical application of autologous bone marrow concentrates with CGF is a cost effective and safe biotechnology, which accelerates bone regeneration and improves the density of regenerated bone.

Single-needle arthrocentesis (Shepard cannula) vs. double-needle arthrocentesis for treating disc displacement without reduction.

OBJECTIVES: To compare single- vs. double-needle arthrocentesis with viscosupplementation for treating disc displacement without reduction of the temporomandibular joint. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with a magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of non-reducing disc displacement were included. Arthrocentesis with viscosupplementation was performed on patients in group I using the Y-shaped needle (Shepard cannula) technique; the standard double-needle technique was performed on patients in group II. Patients were evaluated on postoperative day 1, and 1, 3, and 6 months later, patient- and procedure-related parameters were assessed. RESULTS: In both groups, significant improvement in the baseline levels was achieved (p < 0.01). Both techniques were equally effective at reducing pain and increasing the maximal mouth opening. The single-needle technique was easier to perform and required a shorter operative time (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION: Single-needle (Shepard cannula) arthrocentesis can be an alternative to the standard technique; however, it might add to the cost of the procedure.

Depression and postoperative complications: an overview.

BACKGROUND: The interaction of depression and anesthesia and surgery may result in significant increases in morbidity and mortality of patients. Major depressive disorder is a frequent complication of surgery, which may lead to further morbidity and mortality. LITERATURE SEARCH: Several electronic data bases, including PubMed, were searched pairing "depression" with surgery, postoperative complications, postoperative cognitive impairment, cognition disorder, intensive care unit, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE: The suppression of the immune system in depressive disorders may expose the patients to increased rates of postoperative infections and increased mortality from cancer. Depression is commonly associated with cognitive impairment, which may be exacerbated postoperatively. There is evidence that acute postoperative pain causes depression and depression lowers the threshold for pain. Depression is also a strong predictor and correlate of chronic post-surgical pain. Many studies have identified depression as an independent risk factor for development of postoperative delirium, which may be a cause for a long and incomplete recovery after surgery. Depression is also frequent in intensive care unit patients and is associated with a lower health-related quality of life and increased mortality. Depression and anxiety have been widely reported soon after coronary artery bypass surgery and remain evident one year after surgery. They may increase the likelihood for new coronary artery events, further hospitalizations and increased mortality. Morbidly obese patients who undergo bariatric surgery have an increased risk of depression. Postoperative depression may also be associated with less weight loss at one year and longer. The extent of preoperative depression in patients scheduled for lumbar discectomy is a predictor of functional outcome and patient's dissatisfaction, especially after revision surgery. General postoperative mortality is increased. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is a frequent cause of morbidity in surgery patients suffering from a wide range of conditions. Depression may be identified through the use of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or similar instruments. Counseling interventions may be useful in ameliorating depression, but should be subject to clinical trials.

Clinical, methodological and theoretical issues in the assessment of cognition after anaesthesia and surgery: a review.

As people live longer, the burden of cognitive impairment to elderly patients, their families and society becomes increasingly common and important. The loss of independence, a reduction in the quality of life and increased mortality are possible correlates to the mental disintegration. Cognitive dysfunction following major surgery on the elderly is a significant problem which adds to other cognitive impairments caused by neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular impairments and other causes. There are challenges in reviewing the literature because of many methodological concerns. There is no standard definition; the diagnosis is made only by the results of neuropsychological tests which are not standardised for this purpose; test results are analysed by different statistical methods (some of them inappropriate); controls are often absent or poorly matched; and pre-existing mild cognitive impairment, which affects 10 to 20% of people older than 65 years and is similar to the subtle cognitive impairment following surgery, is not sought for and recognised. Reviews of the subject have varied from descriptions such as 'a well recognised and significant problem' to 'a hypothetical phenomenon for which there is no International Statistical Classification of Disease (ICD-9) code, and no Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) code'. This article examines both sides of the spectrum in a detailed review which explains the necessary psychological 'jargon', discusses the methods used and points to areas of future research.

Effects of chronic marijuana use on brain activity during monetary decision-making.

Marijuana (MJ) acutely acts on cannabinoid receptors that are found in numerous brain regions, including those involved in reward processing and decision-making. However, it remains unclear how long-term, chronic MJ use alters reward-based decision-making. In the present study, using [(15)O]water PET imaging, we measured brain activity in chronic MJ users, who underwent monitored abstinence from MJ for approximately 24 h before imaging, and control participants, while they took part in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a monetary decision making task that strongly relies on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). During PET imaging, participants took part in the standard and a variant version of the IGT as well as a control task. Chronic MJ users performed equally well on the standard IGT, but significantly worse than controls on the variant IGT. Chronic MJ users and control subjects showed increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the vmPFC on both versions of the IGT compared to the control task. In the two-group comparison, chronic MJ users showed significantly greater rCBF than controls in the vmPFC on the standard IGT and greater activity in the cerebellum on both versions of the IGT. Furthermore, duration of use, but not age of first use, was associated with greater activity in the vmPFC. Thus, chronic MJ users tend to strongly recruit neural circuitry involved in decision-making and reward processing (vmPFC), and probabilistic learning (cerebellum) when performing the IGT.

Voltammetry of naltrexone in commercial formulation and human body fluids: Quantification and pharmacokinetic studies.

Naltrexone HCl (NAL.HCl) has been reduced at the mercury electrode in Britton-Robinson universal buffer of pH values 2-11 with a mechanism involving the quasi-reversible uptake of the first transferring electron followed by a rate-determining protonation step of its C=O double bond at position C-6. Simple, sensitive, selective and reliable linear-sweep and square-wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry methods have been described for trace quantitation of NAL.HCl in bulk form, commercial formulation and human body fluids without the necessity for sample pretreatment and/or time-consuming extraction steps prior to the analysis. Limits of quantitation of 6.0×10(-9)M and 8.0×10(-10)M NAL.HCl in bulk form or commercial formulation and of 9.0×10(-9) and 1.0×10(-9)M NAL.HCl in spiked human serum samples were achieved by the described linear and square-wave stripping voltammetry methods, respectively. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug in human plasma samples of healthy volunteers following the administration of an oral single dose of 50mg NAL.HCl (one Revia(®) tablet) were estimated by means of the described square-wave stripping voltammetry method without interferences from the drug's metabolites and/or endogenous human plasma constituents. The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters were favorably compared with those reported in literature.

Stripping voltammetric determination of silymarin in formulations and human blood utilizing bare and modified carbon paste electrodes.

Silymarin is one of the most powerful natural substances that have the ability to protect and rebuild the liver cells damaged by alcohol and other toxic substances. Silymarin showed two irreversible anodic peaks in buffered solutions (pH 2.5-8.0) at either the bare carbon paste electrode or the montmorillonite-Ca modified carbon paste one. These two peaks have been attributed to oxidation of the two phenolic OH groups at positions C-20 and C-7 of silymarin molecule. A square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method was optimized for determination of silymarin utilizing the bare and the modified carbon paste electrodes. The method was fully validated and successfully applied for the determination of silymarin in commercial formulations and human serum without prior extraction utilizing both carbon paste electrodes. Limits of quantitation of 1 × 10(-7) and 7 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) silymarin have been achieved in bulk form or in formulations while 2 × 10(-7) and 8 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) silymarin were achieved in spiked human serum utilizing the bare carbon paste electrode and the modified one, respectively. The two electrodes exhibited excellent selectivity towards silymarin even in the presence of 10(2)to 10(3)-fold excess of its co-formulated drugs, common excipients, and common metal ions. The pharmacokinetic parameters of silymarin in plasma of healthy human volunteers were estimated following the administration of a single oral dose of 120 mg silymarin utilizing the modified carbon paste electrode. The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters were favorably compared with those reported in literature.

Electrochemistry of the antibacterial and antifungal drug nitroxoline and its determination in bulk form, pharmaceutical formulation and human blood.

Nitroxoline has been reduced at the mercury electrode in buffered solutions (pH 2-11) in two irreversible cathodic steps. The first step was attributed to reduction of -NO(2) group to the hydroxylamine stage and the second one to reduction-saturation of the C=N double bond. DC-polarographic and various adsorptive stripping voltammetric methods were developed for determination of nitroxoline in bulk form. Limits of quantitation of 1.02×10(-6), 3.05×10(-8), 9.01×10(-9), and 9.12×10(-10)M nitroxoline were achieved by means of the developed DC-polarography, differential-pulse-, linear-sweep-, and square-wave-adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric methods, respectively. All these electroanalytical methods were successfully applied for determination of nitroxoline in its Nibiol(®) tablets. While only the developed adsorptive stripping voltammetry methods were successfully applied for determination of the drug in spiked human serum and for pharmacokinetic studies in real human plasma. The analysis was carried out without interference from common excipients and without the necessity for prior extraction or interaction with any reagent during the analysis.

Oxidation of Levafix CA reactive azo-dyes in industrial wastewater of textile dyeing by electro-generated Fenton's reagent.

The indirect electrochemical removal of pollutants from effluents has become an attractive method in recent years. Removal (decolorization and mineralization) of Levafix Blue CA and Levafix Red CA reactive azo-dyes from aqueous media by electro-generated Fenton's reagent (Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2)) using a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode and a platinum gauze anode was optimized. Progress of oxidation (decolorization and mineralization) of the investigated azo-dyes with time of electro-Fenton's reaction was monitored by UV-visible absorbance measurements, Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and HPLC analysis. The results indicated that the electro-Fenton's oxidation system is efficient for treatment of such types of reactive dyes. Oxidation of each of the investigated azo-dyes by electro-generated Fenton's reagent up to complete decolorization and approximately 90-95% mineralization was achieved. Moreover, the optimized electro-Fenton's oxidation was successfully applied for complete decolorization and approximately 85-90% mineralization of both azo-dyes in real industrial wastewater samples collected from textile dyeing house at El-Mahalla El-Kobra, Egypt.