Size structure of the coral Stylophora pistillata across reef flat zones in the central Red Sea.

Demographic analyses offer insight into the state of a population. Here, we surveyed different reef flat zones (exposed, midreef and sheltered) of six reefs over a cross-shelf gradient to characterize the population structure of Stylophora pistillata, a coral species which dominates reef flats in the central Red Sea. Phototransects were conducted at each reef flat zone, and the density of S. pistillata, the planar area of each colony, and the occurrence of partial mortality were calculated using the program ImageJ. Each colony was also assigned a color morph (yellow, purple or mixed colors). Density and mean size were extremely variable, both among reef flat zones and reefs, but overall, both metrics were lower on the midshelf reefs. The yellow color morph accounted for nearly 90% of colonies surveyed and dominated most reef flats assessed, with the exception of one site where 81% of colonies were purple morphs. There were no spatial trends in the percentage of colonies suffering partial mortality, but overall there is a positive correlation with size class and proportion of colonies with partial mortality. Despite few trends emerging from assessing individual parameters, a PERMANOVA analysis revealed differences among reef flat zones in most of the reefs, highlighting the importance of multivariate analysis. The data presented here serve as a baseline for monitoring and may identify possible future demographic changes to this important coral species in a region increasingly affected by bleaching events.

Manipulación digital de la presentación fetal + Sims materna hacia el dorso fetal en presentaciones occipitoposteriores persistentes / Efficacy of digital manipulation of the fetal presentation with maternal Sims in persistent occipitoposterior presentations

Objetivo: Conocer la eficacia de la manipulación digital de la presentación fetal junto a la posición de Sims materna hacia el dorso fetal en la rotación de las presentaciones occipitoposteriores (OP) a occipitoanteriores (OA). Sujetos/material y método: Gestantes a término en trabajo de parto, desde 7 cm de dilatación, amniorrexis, presentación OP en el parto (OPP) y firma de consentimiento. Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, unicentro, prospecti- vo y de muestreo por conveniencia. Las variables fueron: paridad, presenta- ción, epidural, tiempo en Sims, presentación a la finalización del parto, tipo de parto, test de Apgar y pH. Para el análisis de la efectividad de la intervención y de la comparativa de las características utilizamos la prueba de chi-cuadrado o Fisher; el test de la t de Student o de Mann-Whitney para las variables conti- nuas, según siguiesen o no una distribución normal, y la correlación de Pear- son o Rho de Spearman para evaluar la asociación entre variables continuas. Los factores incidentes en el éxito de la intervención se analizaron mediante regresión lineal logística y los resultados se expresaron en términos de odds ratio (OR). Resultados: Con una muestra de 30 mujeres, los resultados fueron de un 83,3 % de finalización del parto en OA y de un 16,66 % en OP. De los partos que rotaron a OA, el 84,00 % fueron eutócicos. No hubo cesáreas en el grupo de finalización en OA. Los 5 partos que finalizaron en OP fueron cesáreas. No hubo diferencias en cuanto al test de Apgar y el pH entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones: En la muestra del estudio, el uso combinado de ambas técnicas proporciona una elevada tasa de rotación de OPP a OA, con los beneficios obsté- tricos y neonatales que ello conlleva, y una reducción drástica de las cesáreas. (AU)

Objective: To determine the efficacy of digital manipulation of the fetal pre- sentation together with the Sims position towards the fetal dorsum in the ro- tation of the occiput posterior (OP) presentations to occiput anterior (OA). Subjects/material and method: Women in active labor, with at least 7 cm of dilation, ruptured bursa, OP presentation and signing consent. A quasi experi- mental, single-center, prospective and convenience sampling study was car- ried out. The variables were: parity, presentation, epidural, time in Sims, fetal presentation at the end of delivery, type of delivery, Apgar test and pH. For the analysis of the effectiveness of the intervention and the comparison of the characteristics, the chi-square or Fisher test was used; the Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney test was used for continuous variables according to whether or not they followed a normal distribution, and the Pearson correlation or Spear- man's Rho was used to evaluate the association between continuous variables. The incident factors in the success of the intervention were analyzed using logis- tic linear regression, and the results were expressed in terms of odds ratio (OR). Results: With a sample of 30 women, fetuses rotated to occiput anterior (OA) in 83.3 % of cases and only 16.66 % they finished in occiput posterior (OP). Of the deliveries that rotated to OA, 84.00 % were eutocic. There were no cae- sarean sections in the OA termination group. The five deliveries that ended in OP were caesarean sections. There were no differences in terms of Apgar test or pH between both groups. Conclusions: In the study sample, the combined use of both techniques pro- vides a high turnover rate from OP to OA, with the obstetrics and neonatal benefits that this entails, and a drastic reduction in caesarean sections. (AU)

Implantación de un programa dedetección precoz de hipoacusia infantil en una unidad funcional de puerperio. Desarrollo y resultados / Implementation of a childhood hypoacusia early detection programme in a post-natal functional unit. Development and results

La disminución de la percepción auditiva representa un importante problema de salud al restringir las posibilidades de desarrollo psicológico e intelectual, pudiendo afectar a las relaciones sociales del individuo y su familia. Ante este hecho, se han creado diversos programas en un intento de prevenir esta problemática identificando las situaciones de riesgo dentro de la etapa neonatal.El siguiente artículo presenta el desarrollo de un programa de detección precoz de hipoacusias infantil en un centro hospitalario de primer nivel,analizando los pasos seguidos hasta su establecimiento y los resultados obtenidos tras un año de andadura.Durante el período de estudio, 5.912 recién nacidos sanos fueron atendidos en el hospital. Se realizaron 4.739 (80%) otoemisiones, 4.237(89%)resultaron negativas, 139 (3%) casos positivos derivados a la consulta de ORL y 363 (8%) fueron catalogados como falsos positivos.El programa tiene una aceptable implantación en su primer año, con una elevada tasa de RN incluidos en el programa y está proporcionando indicadores de calidad sanitaria (AU)

Decreased hearing perception is an important health problem given thatit limits the possibilities of psychological and intellectual development,and may affect the social relationships of the patient and his/her family.In order to tackle this issue, several programmes have been created with the aim of preventing this problem by identifying risks during the neonatalstage.The following article presents the development of a childhood hypoacusia early detection programme in a first level hospital centre, analysing the steps followed until it is fully established and the first results after oneyear of operation.During the study period, 5.912 healthy newborns were seen at the hospital.4.739 (80%) otoemissions were performed, 4.237 (89%) were negative,139 (3%) were categorized as false positives.The programme has acceptable implementation in its first year, with a high rate of newborns included in the programme, and is providing health care quality indicators (AU)

[Plasmapheresis in neurological diseases. Experience in 140 procedures in 47 patients]. / Plasmaféresis indicada por enfermedad neurológica. Experiencia de 140 procedimientos en 47 pacientes.

BACKGROUND: Plasmapheresis can be useful in myasthenia gravis, Guillain Barré syndrome and chronic demyelinating inflammatory polyradiculoneuritis. AIM: To report our experience with plasmapheresis in patients with neurological diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of plasmapheresis procedures done between 1995 and 2001, in a public hospital. Indications criteria, clinical results and technical yield were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred fifty nine procedures were reviewed. One hundred forty (88%) were indicated for neurological diseases (44% for Guillain Barré syndrome and 29% for myasthenia gravis). Clinical improvement or eventual complications were avoided in 70% of patients with Guillain Barré syndrome and 100% of patients with myasthenia gravis. Hypotension in 10% and paresthesias in 7% were observed. All complications were successfully controlled with crystalloid or fresh plasma infusions or citrate management. In 11 cases, the procedure was interrupted due to obstruction of the venous access, that was peripheral in eight of these. The most common difficulties of the procedure were delay in performing it in 50% of patients and insufficient exchange volumes in 30%. CONCLUSIONS: Plasmapheresis was safe and useful in patients with myasthenia gravis and Guillain Barré syndrome. The drawbacks of the procedure are its costs and requirement of special equipment.

¿Enfermera o paciente? La mujer del enfermo alcohólico / No disponible

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio exploratorio que busca descubrir los daños psicológicos que el alcoholismo del marido pueda provocar en su mujer o compañera. Asimismo, el estudio busca la posible influencia del alcoholismo del marido en la aparición de determinados tipos de caracteres, actitudes y conductas en el cónyuge. Se pasó una encuesta y se administró el cuestionario de los Cinco Grandes (Big Five Questionnaire) para examinar la personalidad de 60 enfermos alcohólicos y sus esposas. De acuerdo con los resultados de nuestro estudio exploratorio, la mujer del enfermo alcohólico crónico tiene mayor riesgo de presentar inestabilidad emocional, ansiedad, sentimiento de culpa, indefensión aprendida, reacciones psicosomáticas (gastritis), desconfianza ante la novedad, distanciamiento emocional, dependencia, déficit de habilidades sociales y poco interés por las experiencias sociales nuevas. De confirmarse estos resultados, las intervenciones en apoyo a las personas que conviven con enfermos alcohólicos crónicos deberían prestar atención a todos estos aspectos (AU)

Here we summarize the outcomes of an exploratory study which was trying to discover the psychological damages that the alcoholism of the husband provokes in his wife or companion. Likewise, the study was searching the existence of possibly relations between the alcoholism of her husband, and certain types of characters, attitudes and conducts of the wife. Using the Big Five Questionnaire, and a questionnaire ad hoc, we analyzed the personality profile of 60 alcoholic people and his wives. According to the results, the women who lives with and alcoholic is in a bigger risk of emotional and psychosomatic diseases, anxiety, learned helpness, and social inhibition. Programs that aim to support people who live with alcoholics may pay attention to these risks (AU)