Subject(s)
Botulism/diagnosis , Clostridium botulinum type B/isolation & purification , Food Contamination , Food Microbiology , Vegetables/microbiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Biological Assay , Botulism/complications , Botulism/microbiology , Botulism/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Cranial Nerve Diseases/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diplopia/etiology , Fatal Outcome , Feces/microbiology , Female , Food Preservation/methods , Humans , Male , Mice , Primary Dysautonomias/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapyABSTRACT
We carried out a retrospective study of the susceptibility of 104 Streptococcus pyogenes strains, which were isolated in 2000 and 2001 from clinical samples of different origins, to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, ofloxacin and levofloxacin. The susceptibility testing was performed using the agar difusion method according to the guidelines of the NCCLS. All of the isolates showed susceptibility to penicillin and clindamycin. However, we detected 11 strains that were resistant to erythromycin (10.6%) and 4 strains resistant to ofloxacin (3.8%). We studied the resistance phenotypes of macrolides and lincosamides using erythromycin and clindamycin discs. Nine of the eleven strains that were resistant to erythromycin showed an M phenotype, while the remaining two showed inducible resistance to clindamycin, thus suggesting an MLS(B) inducible phenotype. No strains with constitutive resistance to erythromycin or clindamycin (MLS(B) constitutive phenotype) were identified. While penicillin is still uniformly active against S. pyogenes, in Guadalajara, there are 10.6% strains that are resistant to 14- and 15-atoms macrolides.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Streptococcus pyogenes/drug effects , Clindamycin/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Erythromycin/pharmacology , Levofloxacin , Ofloxacin/pharmacology , Penicillins/pharmacology , Retrospective Studies , Spain , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Streptococcal Infections/microbiologyABSTRACT
Se estudió retrospectivamente la sensibilidad a penicilina, eritromicina, clindamicina y ofloxacino de 104 cepas de Streptococcus pyogenes aisladas durante los años 2000 y 2001 de muestras clínicas procedentes de distintas localizaciones. En las cepas resistentes a ofloxacino se estudió también la sensibilidad a levofloxacino utilizando el método de difusión en agar y siguiendo las normas del NCCLS. Ningún aislamiento fue resistente a penicilina ni clindamicina; en cambio, se detectaron 11 cepas resistentes a eritromicina (10,6 por ciento) y 4 resistentes a ofloxacino (3,8 por ciento). Se estudiaron los fenotipos de resistencia a macrólidos y lincosamidas empleando discos de eritromicina y clindamicina. Nueve de las 11 cepas resistentes a eritromicina mostraron un fenotipo M, mientras que las dos restantes presentaron resistencia inducible frente a clindamicina, sugiriendo un fenotipo MLSB inducible. No se encontraron cepas con fenotipo de resistencia constitutiva a eritromicina y clindamicina (fenotipo MLSB constitutivo). La penicilina sigue siendo uniformemente activa frente a S. pyogenes, mientras que en el área sanitaria de Guadalajara existe un 10,6 por ciento de cepas resistentes a los macrólidos de 14 y 15 átomos (AU)
Subject(s)
Streptococcus pyogenes , Streptococcal Infections , Spain , Ofloxacin , Penicillins , Retrospective Studies , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Infective Agents , Clindamycin , ErythromycinSubject(s)
Pharyngitis/diagnosis , Tonsillitis/diagnosis , Bacterial Infections/complications , Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Child , Exanthema/complications , Female , Humans , Pharyngitis/complications , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Scarlet Fever/complications , Tonsillitis/complications , Tonsillitis/microbiologyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Scarlet Fever , Tonsillitis , Pharyngitis , Bacterial Infections , ExanthemaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium urealyticum may produce severe urinary tract infections (UTI) in patients with renal transplantation (RT). The aim of this study was to define the prevalence, clinical spectrum and risk factors for the development of symptomatic UTI in RT receptors with bacteriuria by C. urealyticum. METHODS: The clinical data of RT patients with bacteriuria by C. urealyticum diagnosed in the Hospital Doce de Octubre in Madrid from January 1990 to September 1993 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients corresponded to two clearly differentiated periods. In the first, the presence of C. urealyticum was not actively sought in the urine sample while in the second an intentional search was carried out in all the RT with a selective culture medium containing different antibiotics, Tween-80 and urea to facilitate C. urealyticum identification and growth. RESULTS: C. urealyticum was isolated in the urine of 46 patients (14% of the RT performed in the study period). In the first phase 16 cases were diagnosed with 30 being found in the second with the selective medium. Bacteriuria by C. urealyticum was symptomatic in 18 patients (39%): 12 acute cystitis, one encrusted cystitis (IC), and 5 encrusted pyelitis (IP). Of the symptomatic patients 39% had a history of prolonged vesical catheterization, 27% carried ureteral catheterization and 50% had undergone other urologic manipulations. The clinical consequences were important with development of obstructive uropathy and alteration in renal function (28%), need for surgery (33%) and graft loss (5.5%). All the C. urealyticum strains were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin which were useful in the treatment although the most severe cases (IC, IP) required surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of UTI by Corynebacterium urealyticum is high in RT patients. Occasionally, these infections may have severe consequences, particularly in patients with a history of urologic manipulation, if early diagnosis is not performed and adequate antibiotic treatment given. A selective culture medium should be used to isolate C. urealyticum in RT patients.
