[Scoping review of coronavirus case series (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) and their obstetric and neonatal results]. / Revisión exploratoria sobre series de casos de coronavirus (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV y SARS-CoV-2) y sus resultados obstétricos y neonatales.

OBJECTIVE: The appearance of new infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, poses a challenge in monitoring pregnancy and preventing obstetric and neonatal complications. A scoping review has the objective to review the information available in pregnant women infected with the MERS-CoV, SARSCoV, SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses to assess the similarities in terms of and differences in the clinical characteristics of the mothers and neonatal outcomes. METHODS: We carried out a bibliographic search (scoping review) according to the PRISMA guidelines between March and April 2020 in the MEDLINE, SciELO, and CUIDEN databases and the Elsevier COVID-19 Information Center. RESULTS: We analyzed 20 articles with a total of 102 cases. 9 of MERS-CoV, 14 of SARS-CoV and 79 of SARS-CoV-2. Fever (75.5%) and pneumonia (73.5%) were the most frequent symptoms in infected pregnant women. The most frequent obstetric complications were the threat of premature delivery (23.5%) and caesarean section (74.5%). No vertical transmission was documented in any of the infants. CONCLUSIONS: All three coronaviruses produce pneumonia with very similar symptoms, being milder in the case of SARSCoV2. Despite documented obstetric complications, neonatal outcomes are mostly favorable. Increased knowledge is needed to improve and prevent obstetric and neonatal complications from these infections in pregnant women.

Inflammatory biomarkers in dentinal fluid as an approach to molecular diagnostics in pulpitis.

AIM: To explore a set of inflammatory biomarkers obtained from dentinal fluid (DF) from patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (IP), reversible pulpitis (RP) and normal pulp (NP). METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional exploratory study was performed, recruiting 64 patients on the basis of their respective pulp condition. DF samples were obtained from all patients (23, from IP patients; 20, from RP patients; and 21, from NP patients). Quantification of biomarkers was performed using a Luminex® MAGPIX platform system and multiplex assay kits. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparisons with regard to pulp state. A simple logistic regression model and the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% level of confidence (P = 0.05) were used to evaluate associations between biomarker levels and pulpal diagnosis. The performance discrimination of the biomarkers was evaluated through the construction of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) for IP versus RP after logistic regression modelling. Youden criteria were used to establish cut-off points for biomarkers alone with AUC > 70 and P-value < 0.05, or estimated probabilities from the multivariable logistic model. RESULTS: The biomarkers that had significantly higher values in participants with IP versus RP were IL-1α, VEGF-α and FGF acid (P < 0.05). FGF acid (OR: 12.62; P = 0.0085; CI 95% 1.91-83.29) and VEGF-α (OR: 2.61; P = 0.0252; CI 95% 1.13-6.03) were associated with pulp diagnoses of IP versus RP. The AUC-ROC curve for FGF acid was 0.79. The model containing FGF acid, IL-1α, IL-6 and TIMP-1 had an AUC-ROC of 0.92 for IP versus RP with a significant difference from the FGF acid ROC curve (P = 0.0231). CONCLUSIONS: Dentinal fluid could be used to assay pulpal mediators in the molecular diagnosis of pulpitis. Despite the limitation of the clinical diagnostics used in the present study, it was possible to detect a difference between irreversible symptomatic pulpitis and reversible pulpitis associated with the following combined biomarkers: FGF acid + IL-6 + IL-1α, +TIMP-1.

Implementation of nearly arbitrary spatially varying polarization transformations: an in-principle lossless approach using spatial light modulators.

A fast and automated scheme for general polarization transformations holds great value in adaptive optics, quantum information, and virtually all applications involving light-matter and light-light interactions. We present an experiment that uses a liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator to perform polarization transformations on a light field. We experimentally demonstrate the point-by-point conversion of uniformly polarized light fields across the wavefront to realize arbitrary, spatially varying polarization states. Additionally, we demonstrate that a light field with an arbitrary spatially varying polarization can be transformed to a spatially invariant (i.e., uniform) polarization.

Impact of circulating bacterial DNA in long-term glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic patients with HIV infection: cohort study.

In HIV-infected patients, the damage in the gut mucosal immune system is not completely restored after antiretroviral therapy (ART). It results in microbial translocation, which could influence the immune and inflammatory response. We aimed at investigating the long-term impact of bacterial-DNA translocation (bactDNA) on glucose homeostasis in an HIV population. This was a cohort study in HIV-infected patients whereby inclusion criteria were: patients with age >18 years, ART-naïve or on effective ART (<50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) and without diabetes or chronic hepatitis C. Primary outcome was the change in HbA1c (%). Explanatory variables at baseline were: bactDNA (qualitatively detected in blood samples by PCR [broad-range PCR] and gene 16SrRNA - prokaryote), ART exposure, HOMA-R and a dynamic test HOMA-CIGMA [continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment], hepatic steatosis (hepatic triglyceride content - 1H-MRS), visceral fat / subcutaneous ratio and inflammatory markers. Fifty-four men (age 43.2 ± 8.3 years, BMI 24.9 ± 3 kg/m2, mean duration of HIV infection of 8.1 ± 5.3 years) were included. Baseline HbA1c was 4.4 ± 0.4% and baseline presence of BactDNA in six patients. After 8.5 ± 0.5 years of follow-up, change in HbA1c was 1.5 ± 0.47% in patients with BactDNA vs 0.87 ± 0.3% in the rest of the sample p < 0.001. The change in Hba1c was also influenced by protease inhibitors exposure, but not by baseline indices of insulin resistance, body composition, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory markers or anthropometric changes. In non-diabetic patients with HIV infection, baseline bacterial translocation and PI exposure time were the only factors associated with long-term impaired glucose homeostasis.

Determining Complementary Properties with Quantum Clones.

In a classical world, simultaneous measurements of complementary properties (e.g., position and momentum) give a system's state. In quantum mechanics, measurement-induced disturbance is largest for complementary properties and, hence, limits the precision with which such properties can be determined simultaneously. It is tempting to try to sidestep this disturbance by copying the system and measuring each complementary property on a separate copy. However, perfect copying is physically impossible in quantum mechanics. Here, we investigate using the closest quantum analog to this copying strategy, optimal cloning. The coherent portion of the generated clones' state corresponds to "twins" of the input system. Like perfect copies, both twins faithfully reproduce the properties of the input system. Unlike perfect copies, the twins are entangled. As such, a measurement on both twins is equivalent to a simultaneous measurement on the input system. For complementary observables, this joint measurement gives the system's state, just as in the classical case. We demonstrate this experimentally using polarized single photons.

Direct Measurement of the Density Matrix of a Quantum System.

One drawback of conventional quantum state tomography is that it does not readily provide access to single density matrix elements since it requires a global reconstruction. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a scheme that can be used to directly measure individual density matrix elements of general quantum states. The scheme relies on measuring a sequence of three observables, each complementary to the last. The first two measurements are made weak to minimize the disturbance they cause to the state, while the final measurement is strong. We perform this joint measurement on polarized photons in pure and mixed states to directly measure their density matrix. The weak measurements are achieved using two walk-off crystals, each inducing a polarization-dependent spatial shift that couples the spatial and polarization degrees of freedom of the photons. This direct measurement method provides an operational meaning to the density matrix and promises to be especially useful for large dimensional states.

Tratamiento de la neuralgia trigeminal postherpética con toxina botulínica. A propósito de un caso / Treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia trigeminal with botulinum toxin. A proposal of one case

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Biological markers of fertility (inhibin-B) in HIV-infected men: influence of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy.

OBJECTIVES: Inhibin B (IB) levels and the IB: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio (IFR), biomarkers of global Sertoli cell function, show a strong relationship with male fertility. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of impaired fertility potential in HIV-infected men and the influence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on fertility biomarkers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with sequential sampling was carried out. A total of 169 clinically stable patients in a cohort of HIV-infected men undergoing regular ambulatory assessment in a tertiary hospital were included. The mean [± standard deviation (SD)] age of the patients was 42.6 ± 8.1 years, all were clinically stable, 61.5% had disease classified as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stage A, and were na?ve to ART or had not had any changes to ART for 6 months (91.1%). Morning baseline IB and FSH concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA), respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with impaired fertility, defined as IB < 119 pg/mL or IFR < 23.5. RESULTS: The mean (± SD) IB level was 250 ± 103 pg/mL, the median [interquartile range (IQR)] FSH concentration was 5.1 (3.3-7.8) UI/L and the median (IQR) IFR was 46.1 (26.3-83.7). The prevalence of impaired fertility was 21.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16.3-20.7%]. Negative correlations of body mass index and waist: hip ratio with FSH and IB levels were observed (P < 0.01), while a sedentary lifestyle and previous nevirapine exposure were associated with a decreased risk of IB levels ≤ 25th percentile in multivariate analysis. Only older age, as a risk factor, and sedentary lifestyle, with a protective effect, were independently associated with impaired fertility in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Global testicular Sertoli cell function and fertility potential, assessed indirectly through serum IB levels and IB: FSH ratio, appear to be well maintained in HIV-infected men and not damaged by ART.

Neumoperitoneo secundario al lavado quirúrgico de absceso isquiorrectal con agua oxigenada / Pneumoperitoneum secondary to ischiorectal abscess surgical scrub with hydrogen peroxide

El agua oxigenada es una sustancia usada frecuentemente como un agente seguro e inocuo; sin embargo, se han descrito diversas complicaciones que establecen la voz de alarma sobre su uso. Presentamos un caso de neumoperitoneo secundario al lavado quirúrgico con agua oxigenada en un paciente con diagnóstico de absceso isquiorrectal. Ante las complicaciones observadas del uso de una sustancia tan ampliamente extendida en cirugía, debería replantearse su uso o al menos darle un empleo más restringido, en cavidades o espacios semicerrados y usar en su lugar sustancias más seguras que hasta ahora no hayan mostrado efectos tan nocivos (AU)

Hydrogen peroxide is a substance often used as a safe and harmless agent, various complications have been described that set the alarm on their use. We present a case of pneumoperitoneum secondary to surgical scrub with hydrogen peroxide in a patient with ischiorectal abscess. Given the complications of the use of a substance as widespread in surgery, we should rethink their use or at least give it more restricted use, in cavities or semi-enclosed spaces and instead use other safer chemicals (AU)

Impact of vitamin D insufficiency on insulin homeostasis and beta cell function in nondiabetic male HIV-infected patients.

OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D is thought to play a role in glucose homeostasis and beta cell function. Our aim was to examine the impact of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] upon in vivo insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in HIV-infected male patients without diabetes. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving a cohort of HIV-infected patients undergoing regular assessment in a tertiary hospital. Eighty-nine patients [mean (± standard deviation) age 42 ± 8 years] were included in the study: 14 patients were antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve, while 75 were on ART. Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) was defined as 25(OH)D < 75 nmol/L; insulin sensitivity was determined using a 2-h continuous infusion of glucose model assessment with homeostasis (CIGMA-HOMA), using the trapezoidal model to calculate the incremental insulin and glucose areas under the curve (AUCins and AUGglu, respectively). Beta cell function was assessed using the disposition index (DI). Abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 1-H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: VDI was associated with insulin resistance (IR), as indicated by a higher CIGMA-HOMA index (odds ratio 1.1) [1.01-1.2]. This association was independent of the main confounders, such as age, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stage, ART, lipodystrophy, body mass index, VAT:subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio and HTGC, as confirmed by multivariate analysis (B = 12.3; P = 0.01; r² = 0.7). IR in patients with VDI was compensated by an increase in insulin response. However, beta cell function was lower in the VDI subpopulation (33% decrease in DI). CONCLUSIONS: VDI in nondiabetic HIV-positive male patients is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and a decrease in pancreatic beta cell function.

Reversible optical memory for twisted photons.

We report on an experiment in which orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light is mapped at the single-photon level into and out of a cold atomic ensemble. Based on the dynamic electromagnetically induced transparency protocol, the demonstrated optical memory enables the reversible mapping of Laguerre-Gaussian modes with preserved handedness of the helical phase structure. The demonstrated capability opens the possibility to the storage of qubits encoded as superpositions of OAM states and to multidimensional light matter interfacing.

Isolation of pluripotent stem cells from human third molar dental pulp.

Potent stem/progenitor cells have been isolated from normal human dental pulps, termed dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). However, no study has described the presence of stem cell populations in human dental pulp from the third molar with embryonic phenotypes. The dental pulp tissue was cultured in media with the presence of LIF, EGF, and PDGF. In the present study, we describe a new population of pluripotent stem cells that were isolated from dental pulp (DPPSC). These cells are SSEA-4(+), Oct4(+), Nanog(+), FLK-1(+), HNF3beta(+), Nestin(+), Sox2(+), Lin28(+), c-Myc(+), CD13(+), CD105(+), CD3(-), CD45(-), CD90(low), CD29(+), CD73(low), STRO-1(low) and CD146(-). We have investigated by SEM analysis and q-RT-PCR the capacity of DPPSCs to 3D differentiate in vitro using the Cell Carrier 3D glass scaffold into tissues that have similar characteristics to embryonic mesoderm and endoderm layers. These data would support the use of these cells, which are derived from an easily accessible source and can be used in future regeneration protocols for many tissue types that differentiate from the three embryonic layers.

Depresión e incremento de la prescripción de antidepresivos / Depression and increased prescription of antidepressants

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Estudio de la eficacia y persistencia del efecto desensibilizante de una pasta dentrífica con nitrato potásico al 5% / No disponible

Se ha realizado un estudio clínico para evaluar la eficacia (..) (AU)

A clinical study was performed with the objective (..) (AU)

Pilar Sub-Tec Universal. Resistencia experimental a la torsión / No disponible

Semados ha desarrollado un nuevo pilar protésico que consiste en una pieza mecanizada de titanio (..) (AU)

Semados has feveloped a new abutment which consistes of a mechanized titanium (..) (AU)