The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence.

Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries (Ntotal = 21,513), we examined the CAS's measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries. Partial scalar invariance was supported in a subset of 56 countries. To ensure the robustness of results, given the unbalanced samples, we employed resampling techniques both with and without replacement and found the results were more stable in larger samples. The alignment procedure demonstrated a high degree of measurement invariance with 9% of the parameters exhibiting noninvariance. We also conducted simulations of alignment using the parameters estimated in the current model. Findings demonstrated reliability of the means but indicated challenges in estimating the latent variances. Strong positive correlations between CAS and FCV-19S estimated with all three different approaches were found in most countries. Correlations of CAS and SWLS-3 were weak and negative but significantly differed from zero in several countries. Overall, the study provided support for the measurement invariance of the CAS and offered evidence of its convergent validity while also highlighting issues with variance estimation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

[COVID-19 in the midst of a "perfect storm" in neoliberal capitalism: critical reflections on its impacts in Brazil]. / A COVID-19 em meio a uma "tempestade perfeita" no capitalismo neoliberal: reflexões críticas sobre seus impactos no Brasil.

The impacts of the recent coronavirus pandemic on Brazilian society revealed a scenario that goes beyond a health crisis. This article sets out to present the causes and consequences of a systemic crisis in the neoliberal economic order based on the prominence of markets and social exclusion, while the role of the State - as the guardian of social rights - is neglected. The methodology adopted follows a critical interdisciplinary perspective from the fields of political economy and social sciences, located in socioeconomic reports referred to in this analysis. It is argued that the neoliberal rationale guiding government policies, which is deep rooted in the social environment, has contributed to the increase in structural inequalities in Brazil, thus creating favorable conditions for exacerbating the impacts caused by the pandemic in society, particularly among the most vulnerable social groups.

Os impactos da pandemia do novo coronavírus na sociedade brasileira revelaram um cenário que extrapola uma crise sanitária. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as causas e consequências de uma crise sistêmica sob a ordem econômica neoliberal lastreada na proeminência dos mercados e da exclusão social, enquanto o papel do Estado como garantidor de direitos sociais é negligenciado. A metodologia adotada segue uma perspectiva interdisciplinar crítica dos campos da economia política e das ciências sociais presente em relatórios socioeconômicos referidos nesta análise. Argumenta-se que a racionalidade neoliberal, orientando as políticas governamentais e presente no ambiente social, contribuiu para um aprofundamento das desigualdades estruturais no Brasil, gerando condições propícias para o agravamento dos impactos causados pela pandemia na sociedade, em particular nos segmentos sociais mais vulneráveis.

A COVID-19 em meio a uma "tempestade perfeita" no capitalismo neoliberal: reflexões críticas sobre seus impactos no Brasil / COVID-19 in the midst of a "perfect storm" in neoliberal capitalism: critical reflections on its impacts in Brazil

Resumo Os impactos da pandemia do novo coronavírus na sociedade brasileira revelaram um cenário que extrapola uma crise sanitária. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as causas e consequências de uma crise sistêmica sob a ordem econômica neoliberal lastreada na proeminência dos mercados e da exclusão social, enquanto o papel do Estado como garantidor de direitos sociais é negligenciado. A metodologia adotada segue uma perspectiva interdisciplinar crítica dos campos da economia política e das ciências sociais presente em relatórios socioeconômicos referidos nesta análise. Argumenta-se que a racionalidade neoliberal, orientando as políticas governamentais e presente no ambiente social, contribuiu para um aprofundamento das desigualdades estruturais no Brasil, gerando condições propícias para o agravamento dos impactos causados pela pandemia na sociedade, em particular nos segmentos sociais mais vulneráveis.

Abstract The impacts of the recent coronavirus pandemic on Brazilian society revealed a scenario that goes beyond a health crisis. This article sets out to present the causes and consequences of a systemic crisis in the neoliberal economic order based on the prominence of markets and social exclusion, while the role of the State - as the guardian of social rights - is neglected. The methodology adopted follows a critical interdisciplinary perspective from the fields of political economy and social sciences, located in socioeconomic reports referred to in this analysis. It is argued that the neoliberal rationale guiding government policies, which is deep rooted in the social environment, has contributed to the increase in structural inequalities in Brazil, thus creating favorable conditions for exacerbating the impacts caused by the pandemic in society, particularly among the most vulnerable social groups.

Práticas e comportamentos alimentares de famílias de crianças com perturbação do espectro autista / Eating practices and behaviors of families of children with autistic spectrum disorder / Prácticas y conductas alimentarias de familias de niños con trastorno del espectro autista

Resumo Enquadramento: Os comportamentos alimentares atípicos são significativamente mais comuns em crianças com perturbação do espectro autista (PEA), podendo influenciar a organização da família em relação às suas práticas. Objetivo: compreender as práticas e comportamentos alimentares de famílias de crianças com PEA. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo e descritivo, do tipo estudo de casos múltiplos, participaram 13 familiares de crianças com PEA. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e foi utilizada a técnica analítica de síntese cruzada dos casos, para sistematização das evidências. Resultados: Evidenciaram-se as conceções e práticas alimentares; a organização das práticas alimentares da família; e o comportamento alimentar. A conceção das famílias sobre as práticas alimentares reflete na forma desta se organizar e atender às demandas de cuidado de seus filhos. Conclusão: Cada família constrói a sua prática alimentar, de acordo como seu contexto, com a sua identidade alimentar e cultural, e das diferentes demandas relacionadas aos comportamentos e dificuldades alimentares de seus filhos, necessitando estabelecer uma rede de apoio para enfrentar a organização do seu dia a dia.

Abstract Background: Atypical eating behaviors are significantly common in children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and can influence families' organization of eating practices. Objective: To understand the eating practices and behaviors of families of children with ASD. Methodology: This is a qualitative and descriptive study, using the multiple case method, with the participation of 13 family members of children with ASD. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the analytical technique of cross-case synthesis was used to systematize the evidence. Results: This study gathered evidence on eating conceptions and practices, the organization of families' eating practices, and eating behaviors. Families' conceptions of eating practices influence how they organize and meet their children's care needs. Conclusion: Each family develops their eating practices based on their context, food and cultural identity, and the different demands of their children's eating behaviors and difficulties. Families need a support network to manage the organization of their daily routines.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las conductas alimentarias atípicas son significativamente más frecuentes en los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y pueden influir en la organización familiar en relación con sus prácticas. Objetivo: Conocer las prácticas y conductas alimentarias de las familias de niños con TEA. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo y descriptivo, del tipo de estudio de casos múltiples, participaron 13 familiares de niños con TEA. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y se utilizó la técnica analítica de síntesis cruzada de casos para sistematizar las pruebas. Resultados: Se observaron las concepciones y prácticas alimentarias, la organización de las prácticas alimentarias de la familia y la conducta alimentaria. La concepción de las familias sobre las prácticas alimentarias se refleja en la forma en que se organizan y satisfacen las demandas de cuidado de sus hijos. Conclusión: Cada familia construye su práctica alimentaria según su contexto, su identidad alimentaria y cultural, y las diferentes demandas relacionadas con la conducta y las dificultades alimentarias de sus hijos, por lo que necesitan establecer una red de apoyo para hacer frente a la organización de su vida cotidiana.

Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the fear of COVID-19 scale in three Portuguese-speaking countries.

This study evaluated the measurement invariance of the Portuguese version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) across three countries: Brazil (South America), Mozambique (East Africa), and Portugal (Southwest Europe). A total of 8694 participants were recruited through convenience sampling (7430 Brazilians, 387 Mozambicans, and 877 Portuguese adults). The unidimensional structure of the FCV-19S fitted well with each country's data. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that the FCV-19S was partially invariant across countries and fully invariant across gender and age groups, thus providing a solid basis for cross-group comparisons. Structural invariance tests revealed different levels of fear across countries and genders but not across age groups.

Fear of COVID-19 scale: Assessing fear of the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil.

This study aimed to assess the fear of COVID-19 in the Brazilian population, validate the FCV-19S and examine the association of its scores with sociodemographic and pandemic-related variables. A total of 7430 participants were recruited in an online survey. From the factor analysis results, FCV-19S proved to be suitable, indicating a higher level of fear for women and also for those aged 18-29 years. Besides, belonging to a high-risk group and having relatives diagnosed or deceased by COVID-19 showed a positive association with fear. These findings pointed out the most vulnerable groups, which can assist in planning mental health actions.

Risk perception of COVID-19: Susceptibility and severity perceived by the Brazilian population.

This study investigated how the Brazilian population perceived the risk of COVID-19, people's behavior in response to the pandemic, and trust in the health system in case of COVID-19 infection. The sample comprised 7430 Brazilian recruited through non-probability sampling. Association analysis was performed using logistic regression. The results revealed that the economically active population and those who lived with health professionals most perceived greater susceptibility to infection. In addition, the high severity of COVID-19 was more perceived by the elderly and by those who lived with individuals in high-risk groups.

The ethereal bodies of pro-Ana blogs: emotional communities and spaces of sociability on the web. / Os corpos etéreos dos blogs pró-ana: comunidades emocionais e espaços de sociabilidade na web.

The study presented in this paper aimed at understanding how anorexic young women use virtual environments as spaces of sociability in order to construct a narrative about anorexia, anchor their experiences through emotional mutuality and validate discourses. To do so, an analysis of the content found in the commenting and posting sections of pro-anorexia blogs was carried out. Three thematic categories were identified: body, personal identity and sociability on the web. It was observed that blogs are virtual spaces of sociability and construction of identity groups. The representations and the experiences lived by the corporal materiality feed cyberspace and are the starting point for understanding a phenomenon particular to the contemporaneity, that is the virtual exchanges. In blogs, one can find body narratives that seek to give coherence to an individual and to his or her existence as well as narratives that aim at anchoring and legitimizing personal experiences and validating pro-anorexia attitudes. Social ties are strengthened within the group, which becomes an emotional community. The meanings of the spreading discourses allow us to infer that in these groups, the materiality of anorexic bodies emancipates itself from the social stigmas of a disease.

O presente artigo procurou compreender como jovens anoréxicas utilizam ambientes virtuais como espaços de sociabilidade para a construção de uma narrativa sobre a anorexia, para ancorar suas experiências pela mutualidade emocional e para validar discursos. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo da sessão de comentários e posts de blogs pró-anorexia sendo identificadas três categorias temáticas: corpo, identidade pessoal e sociabilidade na rede. Observou-se que os blogs são espaços virtuais de sociabilidade e de construção de coletivos identitários. As representações e as vivências pela materialidade corporal alimentam o cyber espaço e são o ponto de partida para compreensão de um fenômeno particular à contemporaneidade, que são as trocas virtuais. Nos blogs localizam-se narrativas corporais que procuram dar coerência ao indivíduo e à sua existência bem como ancorar e legitimar experiências pessoais e validar atitudes pró-anorexia. São reforçados os laços sociais dentro do grupo que se transforma em uma comunidade emocional. Os sentidos dos discursos circulantes permitem inferir que nestes grupos, a materialidade dos corpos anoréxicos se emancipa dos estigmas sociais de doença.

Os corpos etéreos dos blogs pró-ana: comunidades emocionais e espaços de sociabilidade na web / The ethereal bodies of pro-Ana blogs: emotional communities and spaces of sociability on the web

Resumo O presente artigo procurou compreender como jovens anoréxicas utilizam ambientes virtuais como espaços de sociabilidade para a construção de uma narrativa sobre a anorexia, para ancorar suas experiências pela mutualidade emocional e para validar discursos. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo da sessão de comentários e posts de blogs pró-anorexia sendo identificadas três categorias temáticas: corpo, identidade pessoal e sociabilidade na rede. Observou-se que os blogs são espaços virtuais de sociabilidade e de construção de coletivos identitários. As representações e as vivências pela materialidade corporal alimentam o cyber espaço e são o ponto de partida para compreensão de um fenômeno particular à contemporaneidade, que são as trocas virtuais. Nos blogs localizam-se narrativas corporais que procuram dar coerência ao indivíduo e à sua existência bem como ancorar e legitimar experiências pessoais e validar atitudes pró-anorexia. São reforçados os laços sociais dentro do grupo que se transforma em uma comunidade emocional. Os sentidos dos discursos circulantes permitem inferir que nestes grupos, a materialidade dos corpos anoréxicos se emancipa dos estigmas sociais de doença.

Abstract The study presented in this paper aimed at understanding how anorexic young women use virtual environments as spaces of sociability in order to construct a narrative about anorexia, anchor their experiences through emotional mutuality and validate discourses. To do so, an analysis of the content found in the commenting and posting sections of pro-anorexia blogs was carried out. Three thematic categories were identified: body, personal identity and sociability on the web. It was observed that blogs are virtual spaces of sociability and construction of identity groups. The representations and the experiences lived by the corporal materiality feed cyberspace and are the starting point for understanding a phenomenon particular to the contemporaneity, that is the virtual exchanges. In blogs, one can find body narratives that seek to give coherence to an individual and to his or her existence as well as narratives that aim at anchoring and legitimizing personal experiences and validating pro-anorexia attitudes. Social ties are strengthened within the group, which becomes an emotional community. The meanings of the spreading discourses allow us to infer that in these groups, the materiality of anorexic bodies emancipates itself from the social stigmas of a disease.

Gender and pandemic perception: analyzing perceived risk and fear among Brazilian women.

OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization has warned of the importance of looking at the pandemic from a gender perspective since biological, social, and cultural aspects can produce differences in the way women and men experience the ongoing pandemic situation. This study aimed to investigate Brazilian women's perception of COVID-19 concerning the susceptibility to infection, the severity of COVID-19, and the collective behavior in response to pandemic risks. It also sought to examine the COVID-19 level of perceived fears by the level of fear across specific COVID-19 fears, such as the risk of infection and the threat posed to life. METHODS: The sample consisted of 5527 Brazilian women aged between 18 and 74 years (mean age = 41, SD = 13.5) recruited from an online cross-sectional survey conducted in Brazil. The analysis addressed questions about the chance of COVID-19 infection, the impact on daily activities in case of infection, the threat to life posed by COVID-19, and the collective behavior in the pandemic context. In addition, the fear of COVID-19 was assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). RESULTS: Women's age and personal conditions, particularly those related to family and domestic life, showed association with the perceived susceptibility to infection and the severity of COVID-19. The higher the perceived susceptibility and severity, the greater the fear level. The fear level was also higher among women whose perception was that people were ignoring the pandemic risks. CONCLUSION: This study provides insight into Brazilian women's perception of COVID-19 and their fear level during the pandemic's early stages. Our findings can increase the understanding of the adverse consequences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on women, assisting in the strategic planning of public policies.

"Xilala is only treated with a good hand": a study on the treatment of malnutrition in Mozambique.

In Mozambique old and new evils of body and spirit intertwine, thus allowing particular contours to modern life. Traditional diseases are reconfigured along the lines of a new thinking, and what Western medicine calls malnutrition is defined as xilala by the local traditional thinking. This study aimed to understand the point of view of both caregivers (mothers and grandmothers) of children participating in a Nutritional Rehabilitation Program and ethnomedicine experts, who find themselves entangled in a complex set of relationships through which different forms to comprehend body, health, and disease circulate. The supplement, as an object, has a life of its own and takes on new meanings when it leaves the hospital. When its use happens at home, it acquires a particularity: it becomes food. Thus, it ceases to be something inert and impersonal, which is a feature of standard medicine of the health institution. The local view centered on ethnomedicine is based on the certainty that a situation affecting a child cannot have a healing outcome if not by traditional medicine. Biomedical rationality erected from the confluence of the biological and technical sciences with their scientific postulates does not constitute the authorized discourse in this context.

The science between the infodemic and other post-truth narratives: challenges during the pandemic. / A ciência entre a infodemia e outras narrativas da pós-verdade: desafios em tempos de pandemia.

This essay proposes a reflection on the social phenomenon that involves communication and construction of facts and narratives around science and the pandemic. We divide the text into four parts. It begins with a rapid overview on the disinformation over health in the context of the global digital integration: in the sequence, we argue about how this phenomenon is characteristic of the post-factual era in which we live, and then critically situate the denial of science in the pandemic context. Finally, the text discusses some propositions on the legal and institutional field commenting on recent advances in the United States and Europe. Our intention is to contribute to an initial reflection that can reposition science in health governance.

Propõe-se neste ensaio uma reflexão acerca do fenômeno social que envolve comunicação e construção de fatos e de narrativas em torno da ciência e da pandemia. O texto está dividido em quatro momentos. Parte-se de um rápido panorama sobre a desinformação em saúde em um contexto de integração digital global; na sequên cia argumenta-se sobre como este fenômeno é característico da era pós-factual em que vivemos, situando-se criticamente a negação da ciência no contexto pandêmico. Por fim, são trazidas proposições no campo jurídico e institucional comentando avanços recentes nos Estados Unidos e na Europa. Pretende-se contribuir para uma reflexão inicial que possa reposicionar o papel da ciência na governança em saúde.

A ciência entre a infodemia e outras narrativas da pós-verdade: desafios em tempos de pandemia / The science between the infodemic and other post-truth narratives: challenges during the pandemic

Resumo Propõe-se neste ensaio uma reflexão acerca do fenômeno social que envolve comunicação e construção de fatos e de narrativas em torno da ciência e da pandemia. O texto está dividido em quatro momentos. Parte-se de um rápido panorama sobre a desinformação em saúde em um contexto de integração digital global; na sequên cia argumenta-se sobre como este fenômeno é característico da era pós-factual em que vivemos, situando-se criticamente a negação da ciência no contexto pandêmico. Por fim, são trazidas proposições no campo jurídico e institucional comentando avanços recentes nos Estados Unidos e na Europa. Pretende-se contribuir para uma reflexão inicial que possa reposicionar o papel da ciência na governança em saúde.

Abstract This essay proposes a reflection on the social phenomenon that involves communication and construction of facts and narratives around science and the pandemic. We divide the text into four parts. It begins with a rapid overview on the disinformation over health in the context of the global digital integration: in the sequence, we argue about how this phenomenon is characteristic of the post-factual era in which we live, and then critically situate the denial of science in the pandemic context. Finally, the text discusses some propositions on the legal and institutional field commenting on recent advances in the United States and Europe. Our intention is to contribute to an initial reflection that can reposition science in health governance.

Validation of the FCV-19 Scale and Assessment of Fear of COVID-19 in the Population of Mozambique, East Africa.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to validate the Portuguese version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and investigate its association with sociodemographic and pandemic-related variables in the population of Mozambique. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey recruited 387 Mozambicans aged 18 to 70 years. The psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the FCV-19S were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and Rash analysis. Additionally, the association of the FCV-19S with sociodemographic and pandemic-related variables was investigated using the two-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and logistic regression. RESULTS: The unidimensional factor structure of the Portuguese version of the FCV-19S was confirmed, and the scale showed good internal consistency reliability. The FCV-19S properties tested from the Rasch analysis were satisfactory. Women and those with lower education levels had higher scores of fear. Moreover, significantly higher levels of fear were observed among those being in an at-risk group for COVID-19, having family members or friends diagnosed or with death confirmed by COVID-19, and not being confident that they would receive adequate care from the public health services in case of COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION: The Portuguese version of FCV-19S has strong psychometric properties and can be used to assess the fear of COVID-19 in the Portuguese-speaking population of Mozambique. As the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health represents a challenge to clinical psychiatry, and information on mental health in African countries is still scarce, our findings may assist in the planning of public mental health policies, aimed mainly at specific segments of the population, such as women and people in extreme poverty.

"Xilala is only treated with a good hand": a study on the treatment of malnutrition in Mozambique / "A xilala só é tratada com uma boa mão": um estudo sobre o tratamento da desnutrição em Moçambique / "La xilala sólo puede tratarse con una buena mano": un estudio del tratamiento de la malnutrición en Mozambique

Abstract: In Mozambique old and new evils of body and spirit intertwine, thus allowing particular contours to modern life. Traditional diseases are reconfigured along the lines of a new thinking, and what Western medicine calls malnutrition is defined as xilala by the local traditional thinking. This study aimed to understand the point of view of both caregivers (mothers and grandmothers) of children participating in a Nutritional Rehabilitation Program and ethnomedicine experts, who find themselves entangled in a complex set of relationships through which different forms to comprehend body, health, and disease circulate. The supplement, as an object, has a life of its own and takes on new meanings when it leaves the hospital. When its use happens at home, it acquires a particularity: it becomes food. Thus, it ceases to be something inert and impersonal, which is a feature of standard medicine of the health institution. The local view centered on ethnomedicine is based on the certainty that a situation affecting a child cannot have a healing outcome if not by traditional medicine. Biomedical rationality erected from the confluence of the biological and technical sciences with their scientific postulates does not constitute the authorized discourse in this context.

Resumo: Em Moçambique, males velhos e novos do corpo e espírito se entrelaçam, permitindo contornos particulares na vida moderna. As doenças tradicionais são reconfiguradas em linha com um novo pensamento, e aquilo que a medicina ocidental chama de desnutrição é definida como xilala de acordo com o pensamento tradicional local. O estudo buscou compreender o ponto de vista das cuidadoras (mães e avós) de crianças participando em um Programa de Reabilitação Nutricional e de especialistas em etnomedicina, que se encontram emaranhados em um conjunto complexo de relações através das quais circulam diferentes maneiras de compreender o corpo, a saúde e a doença. Enquanto objeto, o suplemento alimentar tem vida própria e assume novos significados quando sai do hospital. Quando seu uso ocorre no domicílio, adquire uma particularidade: torna-se alimento. Portanto, deixa de ser algo inerte e impessoal, que é uma característica da medicina convencional nas instituições de saúde. A visão local centrada na etnomedicina tem como base a certeza de que a situação que aflige uma criança não pode ter a cura como desfecho, a não ser através da medicina tradicional. A racionalidade biomédica construída pela confluência das ciências biológicas e técnicas, com seus postulados científicos, não constitui o discurso autorizado nesse contexto.

Resumen: En Mozambique los viejos y nuevos demonios del cuerpo y el espíritu se entrelazan, permitiendo así conformar las particularidades de la vida moderna. Las enfermedades tradicionales se reconfiguran a lo largo de líneas nuevas de pensamiento, y lo que la medicina occidental denomina malnutrición se define como xilala por el pensamiento tradicional local. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender el punto de vista de ambos proveedores de cuidados (madres y abuelas) de niños que participaban en el Programa de Rehabilitación Nutricional y expertos en etnomedicina, que se encuentran a sí mismos enmarañados en un complejo conjunto de relaciones, a través de las cuales existen diferentes formas de entender el cuerpo, la salud y la trasmisión de enfermedades. El suplemento alimenticio, como un objeto, tiene vida por sí mismo y toma nuevos significados cuando abandona el hospital. Cuando su consumo se produce en casa, adquiere una particularidad: se transforma en comida. Por ello, cesa de ser algo inerte e impersonal, que es una característica de la medicina estándar de una institución de salud. El punto de vista local centrado en la etnomedicina está basado en la certeza de que la situación que afecta al niño no puede tener un resultado curativo, si no es mediante la medicina tradicional. La racionalidad biomédica se erigió a partir de la confluencia de las ciencias biológicas y técnicas con sus postulados científicos, pero no constituye un discurso autorizado en este contexto.

Body care and health obligation: hexis and power in modernity. / O cuidado com o corpo e a obrigatoriedade da saúde: sobre hexis e poder na modernidade.

The aim of this essay is to provide a brief reflection on the contemporary ethics imposed on the body, which points to a growing responsibility and obligation of the individual regarding healthy and correct ways of living. The central object of analysis is the body constitution in modernity, in a space of technical intervention, problematizing contemporary forms of body care, such as diets and physical exercises, which express taxonomies that come from the matrix of meanings in modernity.

O presente ensaio tem por intuito realizar uma breve reflexão da ética contemporânea imposta ao corpo, que aponta para uma crescente responsabilização do indivíduo e sua obrigatoriedade em relação às maneiras sadias e corretas de viver. O objeto central de análise é a constituição do corpo na modernidade em espaço da intervenção técnica problematizando as formas contemporâneas de cuidados com o corpo, como a dieta e os exercícios físicos que expressam taxionomias da matriz de significações da modernidade.

O cuidado com o corpo e a obrigatoriedade da saúde: sobre hexis e poder na modernidade / Body care and health obligation: hexis and power in modernity

Resumo O presente ensaio tem por intuito realizar uma breve reflexão da ética contemporânea imposta ao corpo, que aponta para uma crescente responsabilização do indivíduo e sua obrigatoriedade em relação às maneiras sadias e corretas de viver. O objeto central de análise é a constituição do corpo na modernidade em espaço da intervenção técnica problematizando as formas contemporâneas de cuidados com o corpo, como a dieta e os exercícios físicos que expressam taxionomias da matriz de significações da modernidade.

Abstract The aim of this essay is to provide a brief reflection on the contemporary ethics imposed on the body, which points to a growing responsibility and obligation of the individual regarding healthy and correct ways of living. The central object of analysis is the body constitution in modernity, in a space of technical intervention, problematizing contemporary forms of body care, such as diets and physical exercises, which express taxonomies that come from the matrix of meanings in modernity.

[Maternity and breastfeeding: identity, body and gender]. / Maternidade e amamentação: identidade, corpo e gênero.

Breastfeeding is a multifaceted phenomenon involving the complexity of the social world, the roles assumed by women, their attributes and social expectations. This theoretical essay proposes a reflection on motherhood, problematizing the experience of breastfeeding and the construction of social identity in line with Anselm Levi Strauss's sociological concepts of interactionism. This article sought to make associations between body, identity, and socialization processes in adulthood, generated by new social demands in fulfilling the roles of woman and mother, focusing on the breastfeeding experience. The way motherhood is conceived in contemporary society and the register of breastfeeding as a phenomenon of nature are problematized to give the woman a vocation to motherhood and breastfeeding, producing a social expectation of the innate ability to perform them.

A amamentação é um fenômeno multifacetado que envolve a complexidade do mundo social, os papéis assumidos pela mulher, seus atributos e expectativas sociais. Este ensaio teórico propõe uma reflexão em torno da maternidade, problematizando a experiência da amamentação e a construção de identidade se aproximando de conceitos sociológicos do interacionismo de Anselm Levi Strauss. Procurou-se fazer associações entre o corpo, a identidade e os processos de socialização na vida adulta gerados pelas novas demandas sociais na realização de papéis de mulher e mãe, concentrando-se na experiência da amamentação. Problematiza-se a forma como a maternidade é concebida na sociedade contemporânea e a inscrição da amamentação como fenômeno da natureza, de tal forma que se confere à mulher uma vocação à maternidade e ao aleitamento, produzindo-se uma expectativa social de habilidade nata para o desempenho dos mesmos.

Maternidade e amamentação: identidade, corpo e gênero / Maternity and breastfeeding: identity, body and gender

Resumo A amamentação é um fenômeno multifacetado que envolve a complexidade do mundo social, os papéis assumidos pela mulher, seus atributos e expectativas sociais. Este ensaio teórico propõe uma reflexão em torno da maternidade, problematizando a experiência da amamentação e a construção de identidade se aproximando de conceitos sociológicos do interacionismo de Anselm Levi Strauss. Procurou-se fazer associações entre o corpo, a identidade e os processos de socialização na vida adulta gerados pelas novas demandas sociais na realização de papéis de mulher e mãe, concentrando-se na experiência da amamentação. Problematiza-se a forma como a maternidade é concebida na sociedade contemporânea e a inscrição da amamentação como fenômeno da natureza, de tal forma que se confere à mulher uma vocação à maternidade e ao aleitamento, produzindo-se uma expectativa social de habilidade nata para o desempenho dos mesmos.

Abstract Breastfeeding is a multifaceted phenomenon involving the complexity of the social world, the roles assumed by women, their attributes and social expectations. This theoretical essay proposes a reflection on motherhood, problematizing the experience of breastfeeding and the construction of social identity in line with Anselm Levi Strauss's sociological concepts of interactionism. This article sought to make associations between body, identity, and socialization processes in adulthood, generated by new social demands in fulfilling the roles of woman and mother, focusing on the breastfeeding experience. The way motherhood is conceived in contemporary society and the register of breastfeeding as a phenomenon of nature are problematized to give the woman a vocation to motherhood and breastfeeding, producing a social expectation of the innate ability to perform them.