Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 14 de 14
Filter
1.
J Neurosci Res ; 102(4): e25334, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38656648

ABSTRACT

Iron deficiency (ID) has been shown to affect central nervous system (CNS) development and induce hypomyelination. Previous work from our laboratory in a gestational ID model showed that both oligodendrocyte (OLG) and astrocyte (AST) maturation was impaired. To explore the contribution of AST iron to the myelination process, we generated an in vitro ID model by silencing divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in AST (siDMT1 AST) or treating AST with Fe3+ chelator deferoxamine (DFX; DFX AST). siDMT1 AST showed no changes in proliferation but remained immature. Co-cultures of oligodendrocyte precursors cells (OPC) with siDMT1 AST and OPC cultures incubated with siDMT1 AST-conditioned media (ACM) rendered a reduction in OPC maturation. These findings correlated with a decrease in the expression of AST-secreted factors IGF-1, NRG-1, and LIF, known to promote OPC differentiation. siDMT1 AST also displayed increased mitochondrial number and reduced mitochondrial size as compared to control cells. DFX AST also remained immature and DFX AST-conditioned media also hampered OPC maturation in culture, in keeping with a decrease in the expression of AST-secreted growth factors IGF-1, NRG-1, LIF, and CNTF. DFX AST mitochondrial morphology and number showed results similar to those observed in siDMT1 AST. In sum, our results show that ID, induced through two different methods, impacts AST maturation and mitochondrial functioning, which in turn hampers OPC differentiation.


Subject(s)
Astrocytes , Cell Differentiation , Iron Deficiencies , Oligodendroglia , Astrocytes/metabolism , Astrocytes/drug effects , Oligodendroglia/metabolism , Oligodendroglia/drug effects , Animals , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Cells, Cultured , Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism , Coculture Techniques , Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology , Rats , Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/drug effects , Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/metabolism , Deferoxamine/pharmacology , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/physiology , Iron/metabolism
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(1): 26-30, 1 jul., 2017.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-164583

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La encefalitis límbica generada por anticuerpos antirreceptor de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA) es una entidad neurológica aguda y grave, más prevalente en mujeres jóvenes y asociada a un tumor subyacente. La aparición de sintomatología psiquiátrica inicial grave y el curso con alteraciones emocionales y déficit cognitivo grave hacen necesario reflexionar sobre las aportaciones, poco estudiadas hasta el momento, de la neuropsiquiatría al diagnóstico, la evolución y el tratamiento de la enfermedad. Caso clínico. Se presenta el único caso del que se tiene constancia en Navarra, asociado a un teratoma ovárico, atendiendo especialmente a la evaluación, la intervención y la evolución neuropsiquiátrica. Conclusión. La encefalitis antirreceptor de NMDA es una enfermedad que suele cursar con manifestaciones psiquiátricas predominantes en el inicio de la enfermedad, así como con deterioro cognitivo que afecta habitualmente a la memoria y a las funciones ejecutivas. Se demuestra eficaz iniciar un proceso de rehabilitación que incluya estrategias compensatorias del déficit, estimulación cognitiva y tratamiento psicofarmacológico en la fase de recuperación (AU)


Introduction. Limbic encephalitis generated by anti-N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibodies is a severe acute neurological condition that is more prevalent in young females and is associated with an underlying tumour. The appearance of severe initial psychiatric signs and symptoms and the fact that it is accompanied by emotional disorders and severe cognitive impairment make it necessary to reconsider the contributions of neuropsychiatry to the diagnosis, development and treatment of the disease, since these have received little attention from researchers to date. Case report. We report on what is, to our knowledge, the only case in Navarra, associated with an ovarian teratoma, with special attention paid to its assessment, intervention and neuropsychiatric development. Conclusion. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a disease that is usually accompanied by predominant psychiatric manifestations at the outset of the illness, together with cognitive deterioration that commonly affects memory and the executive functions. Treatment consisting in beginning a process of rehabilitation that includes compensatory strategies for deficits, cognitive stimulation and psychopharmacological treatment in the recovery phase has proved to be effective (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Cognition Disorders/rehabilitation , Depression/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(2): 75-84, 16 ene., 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-159429

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Desde que Lezak acuñara el término de funciones ejecutivas como las capacidades mentales esenciales para llevar a cabo una conducta eficaz, creativa y aceptada socialmente, éstas han adquirido progresivo protagonismo en la investigación neuropsicológica. Diversos modelos han sido planteados para explicar su naturaleza, pero no existe consenso respecto a si nos encontramos ante un constructo unitario o un sistema de procesamiento multimodal con componentes independientes, pero interconectados. Para conocer la estructura de este constructo se han utilizado estudios de lesión, neuroimagen y, recientemente, el análisis factorial, que se plantea como una metodología prometedora para ampliar nuestro conocimiento sobre un concepto tan genérico como las funciones ejecutivas. Desarrollo. El propósito de este estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de modelos factoriales de atención y control ejecutivo en adultos, entre los años 1991-2016, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, OvidSP y PsycINFO. En total, se revisaron 33 artículos. A partir de la bibliografía, se realiza una propuesta integradora de los procesos ejecutivos. Conclusiones. Aunque no disponemos de un único modelo que pueda explicar la complejidad de las funciones ejecutivas, sí parece existir acuerdo respecto a su multidimensionalidad. En análisis factoriales, actualización, inhibición y alternancia gozan de fuerte evidencia, si bien hay trabajos que plantean factores novedosos. Nuestra propuesta integradora trata de combinar los procesos ejecutivos hallados en la bibliografía con sus correspondientes correlatos neuroanatómicos, defendiendo que la metodología ideal debería utilizar información procedente de estudios de lesión, técnicas de neuroimagen y modelos psicométricos-computacionales (AU)


Introduction. Since Lezak coined the term executive functions to refer to the mental capabilities that are considered essential for performing efficacious, creative and socially acceptable behaviour, they have gradually grown in importance in neuropsychological research. Different models have been proposed to explain their nature, but there is no general agreement as to whether we are dealing with a unitary construct or a multimodal processing system with independent, but interconnected, components. With the aim of gaining a deeper knowledge of the structure of this construct, researchers have conducted lesion, neuroimaging and, more recently, factorial analysis studies, the latter being seen as a promising methodology for expanding our knowledge about such a generic concept as the executive functions. Development. The purpose of this study is to carry out a systematic review of factorial models of attention and executive control in adults, between the years 1991 and 2016, using the PubMed, OvidSP and PsycINFO databases. Altogether, 33 papers were reviewed. Based on the literature, an integrating proposal of the executive functions is put forward. Conclusions. Although we do not have just one single model that can account for the complexity of the executive functions, there does seem to be general agreement on their multidimensionality. In factorial analyses, there is strong evidence of updating, inhibition and alternation, although there are also studies that propose novel factors. Our integrating proposal aims to combine the executive processes found in the literature with their corresponding neuroanatomical correlates, and defends the stance that the ideal methodology should use information from lesion studies, neuroimaging techniques and psychometric-computational models (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Executive Function/physiology , Language Disorders/diagnosis , Memory Disorders/diagnosis , Attention , Memory, Short-Term , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Psychometrics/methods
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(9): 415-422, 1 mayo, 2016.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-151864

ABSTRACT

La encefalitis límbica generada por anticuerpos antirreceptor de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA) es una entidad neurológica aguda y grave, más prevalente en las mujeres jóvenes y asociada a un tumor subyacente. El curso con déficit cognitivo grave hace necesario reflexionar sobre las aportaciones de la neuropsicología al diagnóstico, evolución y tratamiento de la enfermedad, poco estudiadas hasta el momento. Se revisa la bibliografía precedente, criticando la medición de los síntomas cognitivos (predominantemente mnésicos y ejecutivos) asociados a esta enfermedad. Se proponen instrumentos neuropsicológicos válidos y fiables, y se plantea que las medidas neuropsicológicas pueden servir como pará- metros de seguimiento de estos pacientes que ayuden a monitorizar su funcionalidad en la vida diaria una vez recuperados de la fase aguda, así como convertirse en una base sobre la que articular programas de rehabilitación que favorezcan el logro de la autonomía personal y la reinserción comunitaria de los pacientes. Con todo, se subraya la necesidad de incluir a neuropsicólogos y neuropsiquiatras no sólo en la detección, sino en el tratamiento de los pacientes, en pro de alcanzar la recuperación de la independencia personal y la readaptación a sus entornos naturales (AU)


Limbic encephalitis generated by anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibodies is an acute and severe neurological entity, which is more prevalent in young females and is associated to an underlying tumour. Since it leads to severe cognitive impairment, thought needs to be given to the contributions of neuropsychology to the diagnosis, development and treatment of the disease, which have received little attention from researchers to date. A review is conducted of the prior literature, evaluating the measurement of the cognitive symptoms (predominantly mnemonic and executive) associated to this disease. Valid, reliable neuropsychological instruments are proposed, and it is suggested that neuropsychological measures may be used as parameters to follow up these patients which help monitor their functionality in daily living once they have recovered from the acute phase. Similarly they can become a basis on which to assemble rehabilitation programmes that favour the accomplishment of personal autonomy and the patients’ reintegration in the community. Nevertheless, we stress the need to include neuropsychologists and neuropsychiatrists in not only the detection but also the treatment of these patients so as to enable them to recover their personal independence and readapt to their natural settings (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/diagnosis , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/pathology , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/prevention & control , Wechsler Scales , Neuropsychological Tests , Personal Autonomy , Affective Symptoms/pathology , Affective Symptoms/prevention & control , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Nervous System Diseases/complications , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/prevention & control , Neuropsychology/instrumentation , Neuropsychology/methods
5.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(10): 651-655, dic. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-145629

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This work describes the genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia involved in an outbreak in a nursery school in Granada, Spain, that affected seven children under the age of 4. METHODS: Nucleic acids were extracted from the seven stool samples positive to Cryptosporidium or Giardia by microscopy and/or immunochromatography. The species and subtypes of Cryptosporidium were identified by PCR-RFLP and PCR of the SSUrRNA and gp60 genes, respectively. The assemblages of Giardia duodenalis isolates were characterized by PCR of the tpi gene. PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS: All of the isolates were positive for Cryptosporidium hominis. Five of them belonged to subtype IaA11R2, one to subtype IbA10G2R2, and the other could not be identified. Three of these samples were positive for G. duodenalis by PCR, two belonging to the assemblage A, and the other one to assemblage B. DISCUSSION: This is the first report of Cryptosporidium hominis subtype IaA11R2 as a cause of an outbreak in Europe where subtype IbA10G2R2 is the most frequently identified. In the case of Giardia, an outbreak could not be confirmed because of the low number of positive samples and the low genetic variability of the amplified fragments for assemblage A of tpi gene. CONCLUSIONS: A new subtype, of Cryptosporidium hominis named IaA11R2, has been described as a cause of an outbreak in a nursery school in Granada, Spain. However an outbreak of giardiasis could not be confirmed


INTRODUCCIÓN: Este trabajo describe la caracterización genética de Cryptosporidium y Giardia implicados en un brote en una guardería de Granada, España, que afectó a 7 niños menores de 4 años de edad. MÉTODOS: La extracción de ácidos nucleicos se realizó a partir de las 7 muestras de heces positivas para Cryptosporidium o Giardia mediante técnicas de microscopia y/o inmunocromatografía. Las especies y subtipos de Cryptosporidium fueron identificados por PCR-RFLP y PCR de los genes SSUrRNA ygp60, respectivamente. Los genotipos de los aislamientos Giardia duodenalis fueron caracterizados por PCR del gen tpi. Los productos de PCR obtenidos fueron secuenciados y analizados. RESULTADOS: Todos los aislamientos fueron positivos para Cryptosporidium hominis. Cinco de ellos correspondieron al subtipo IaA11R2, uno al subtipo IbA10G2R2 y otro no pudo ser identificado. Tres de las muestras resultaron positivas para G. duodenalis por PCR, 2 de ellas pertenecientes al genotipo A y la restante al genotipo B. DISCUSIÓN: Esta es la primera identificación del subtipo IaA11R2 de Cryptosporidium hominis como causa de un brote en Europa, donde el subtipo IbA10G2R2 es el más frecuentemente identificado. En el caso de Giardia, el bajo número de muestras positivas y la baja variabilidad genética del fragmento del gen tpiamplificado para el genotipo A no permitieron confirmar un brote. CONCLUSIONES: Un nuevo subtipo de Cryptosporidium hominis, denominado IaA11R2, ha sido descrito como causa de un brote en una guardería de Granada, España. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos no permiten confirmar un brote de giardiasis


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Cryptosporidium/genetics , Cryptosporidiosis/microbiology , Schools, Nursery , Diagnosis, Differential , Giardiasis/epidemiology , Giardia/isolation & purification
6.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(7): 323-331, 1 oct., 2015.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-142678

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El estudio del tempo cognitivo lento (TCL) surgió en gran parte de las investigaciones del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH). Este constructo se define con una gama de síntomas conductuales, como apariencia de somnolencia, soñar despierto, hipoactividad física, pobre iniciativa, letargo y apatía. Desarrollo. Se revisa el constructo de TCL a través de artículos recientemente publicados al respecto sobre características clínicas, síntomas asociados, evaluación, prevalencia, etiología, comorbilidad, perfiles neuropsicológicos y tratamiento. Los trabajos más actuales proponen entender el TCL como un cluster de síntomas distintivo del TDAH. Aunque no hay un consenso claro, los datos son cada vez más consistentes y dotan de gran validez externa al TCL, asociándolo con síntomas internalizantes. Conclusiones. Consideramos necesario anclar los diferentes subtipos de TDAH en modelos conceptuales atencionales. Así, la red de orientación atencional se relacionaría con el TCL, la red de vigilancia o atención sostenida con el TDAH subtipo inatento, y la atención ejecutiva sería la implicada en el TDAH subtipo combinado. La evidencia hasta la fecha, incluyendo esta revisión, apoya la idea de que el TCL es un trastorno de atención diferenciado del TDAH, pero que, como cualquier trastorno dimensional, puede solaparse con él aproximadamente en la mitad de los caso (AU)


Introduction. The study of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) arose largely from research carried out on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This construct is defined by a range of behavioural symptoms such as the appearance of drowsiness, daydreaming, physical hypoactivity, little initiative, lethargy and apathy. Development. The construct of SCT is reviewed by means of recently published papers on its clinical characteristics, associated symptoms, evaluation, prevalence, aetiology, comorbidity, neuropsychological profiles and treatment. The latest studies propose that SCT should be understood as a cluster of symptoms that is distinct from ADHD. Although there is no clear consensus on the matter, the evidence is becoming increasingly more consistent and endows SCT with a high degree of external validity, associating it with internalising symptoms. Conclusions. We believe the different subtypes of ADHD must be grounded in attentional conceptual models. Hence, the attentional guidance network would be related with SCT, the vigilance or sustained attention network would be linked with the inattentive subtype of ADHD, and executive attention would be involved in the combined subtype of ADHD. The evidence obtained to date, including this review, supports the idea that SCT is an attention disorder distinct from ADHD but, like any dimensional disorder, it can overlap with it in around half the cases (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Behavioral Symptoms/complications , Behavioral Symptoms/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/standards , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders/complications , Comorbidity , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-104171

ABSTRACT

Introduction Two cases of infection by zoonotic transmission of unusual species of Cryptosporidium were detected in 2010-2011 in Spain (León and Zaragoza).Materials and methods Cryptosporidium spp. was detected by microscopic examination of modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained fecal smears. PCR-RFLP of the SSUr DNA gene and sequencing of the amplified fragment confirmed the species. Results C. ubiquitum and C. felis were identified in samples from an immunocompetent child and from a HIV-positive adult, respectively. Conclusions This is the first report of human infection by C. ubiquitum (cervine) and autochthonous C. felis, identified in Spain (AU)


Introducción: Se describen dos casos de infección por especies inusuales de Cryptosporidium de transmisión zoonótica detectados en España (León y Zaragoza) en 2010 y 2011. Material y métodos: Cryptosporidium se detectó por tinción Ziehl-Neelsen modificada de la concentración de heces Las especies se determinaron por PCR-RFLP del gen SSUr DNA y se confirmaron por secuenciación del fragmento amplificado. Resultados: C.ubiquitum y C. felis fueron identificados en muestras procedentes de un niño inmunocompetente y un adulto VIH-positivo respectivamente. Conclusiones: Este estudio es la primera comunicación de infecciones humanas por C. ubiquitum (cervine)y de Cryptosporidium felis de origen autóctono identificados en España (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adult , Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Zoonoses/transmission , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis
8.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(5): 301-315, 1 sept., 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-91840

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Tradicionalmente, se ha considerado al cerebelo como un sistema neuronal que participaba esencialmente en la coordinación y el control motor. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas ha cobrado fuerza el concepto del cerebelo como un órgano relacionado con procesos cognitivos de alto nivel, afirmación que viene apoyada por estudios realizados en animales y humanos con lesiones cerebelosas, así como por la contribución de las modernas técnicas de neuroimagen. Desarrollo. Se revisa la contribución del cerebelo en diferentes funciones cognitivas, como la regulación de las funciones motoras, la atención, el lenguaje, las habilidades visuoconstructivas, el aprendizaje, la memoria y las funciones ejecutivas. Los resultados de dicha revisión arrojan como dato más clarificador la influencia del cerebelo en procesos como la atención, la memoria de trabajo (articulación encubierta) y la fluidez verbal, así como el aprendizaje procedimental. Los resultados encontrados en lo que respecta al cerebelo y las funciones ejecutivas no son concluyentes. Conclusiones. Consideramos que es necesario aún sistematizar el cuadro que ha comenzado ya a delinearse. Esto nos llevará a poder responder a la cuestión no sólo de si el cerebelo desempeña algún papel en la cognición humana, sino de cuál es ese papel. Tal vez la base para comprender las funciones cognitivas del cerebelo no se encuentre en que el cerebelo contiene funciones, sino que pone en relación la intención con la acción tanto en el plano cognitivo, emocional como conductual, aunque este papel de ‘interfaz’ se encuentra más próximo a los procesos de output que de procesamiento, y parece claro que se halla más afectado en funciones con un importante componente motor (AU)


Introduction. The cerebellum has traditionally been considered a neuronal system which is an essential part of coordination and motor control. However, in recent decades the idea of the cerebellum as an organ related to high level cognitive processes has gained strength, a claim supported by studies carried out on animals and humans with cerebellar lesions such as the contribution of modern neuroimaging techniques. Development. The contribution of the cerebellum is reviewed in different cognitive functions such as the regulation of motor functions, attention, language, visuoconstructional skills, learning, memory and executive functions. The results of said review produce, as the most clarifying data, the influence of the cerebellum on processes such as attention, working memory (covert articulation) and verbal fluency as well as procedural learning. The results found regarding the cerebellum and the executive functions are not conclusive. Conclusions. We consider it necessary to systematize the table that has already been outlined. This will enable us to answer not only the question of whether the cerebellum plays a role in human cognition but which is its role. Perhaps the basis for understanding the cognitive functions of the cerebellum are not found in the fact that the cerebellum contains functions but that it relates the intention to the action in the emotional as well as the behavioural cognitive plane although the role of ‘interface’ is found closer to the output processes than processing of functions with a motor component (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebellum/physiology , Cognition/physiology , Behavior/physiology , Emotions/physiology , Attention/physiology , Verbal Behavior/physiology , Task Performance and Analysis
9.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 52(12): 725-742, 16 jun., 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-91666

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Durante largo tiempo olvidada como contribuyente a la organización de las operaciones cognitivas, la sustancia blanca cerebral es, en la actualidad, objeto de estudio. Estos avances se complementan con las nuevas técnicas de neuroimagen, como el tensor de difusión, que permiten una visualización más detallada de cómo las vías de la sustancia blanca participan en las operaciones cognitivas. Desarrollo. Se revisa la relación de lesiones en la sustancia blanca con diferentes procesos y funciones cognitivas, como el lenguaje, atención, habilidades visuoespaciales y visuoconstructivas, negligencia espacial, velocidad de procesamiento, memoria y funciones ejecutivas. Conclusiones. El foco de atención sobre la sustancia blanca y sus trastornos promete ampliar el conocimiento del cerebro como un órgano extraordinariamente complejo en el que la conectividad y la velocidad de procesamiento proporcionada por la sustancia blanca son aspectos centrales para la cognición, la emoción y la propia consciencia. La sustancia blanca no parece ser el depósito de procesos y funciones cognitivas, sino que su papel se vincularía a dos propiedades necesarias para que un sistema de alta complejidad como el cerebro sea eficaz, como son la velocidad y la conectividad, procesos en los que debemos profundizar y, tal vez, comenzar a dilucidar su papel diferencial en el resultado de los procesos cognitivos (AU)


Introduction. After being largely neglected as a contributor to the organisation of the cognitive operations for many years, the white matter of the brain is now again the object of much research. These advances are complemented with the latestneuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging, which make it possible to obtain a more detailed view of the role played by the pathways of the white matter in the cognitive operations. Development. The study reviews the relation between lesions in the white matter and different cognitive processes and functions such as language, attention, visuospatial and visual-constructional skills, spatial negligence, processing speed, memory and executive functions. Conclusions. Focusing attention on the white matter and its disorders promises to further our knowledge of the brain as an extraordinarily complex organ in which the connectivity and processing speed provided by the white matter are key features in cognition, emotion and consciousness itself. The white matter does not appear to be the deposit for cognitive processes and functions, but rather its role would seem to be linked to two properties that are essential for a highly complex system like the brain to be effective: speed and connectivity. Further studies must be conducted to delve deeper into these processes and perhaps begin to clarify the different roles they play in the outcome of cognitive processes. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognition/physiology , Tegmentum Mesencephali/physiology , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Mental Processes/physiology , Anisotropy , Brain/physiology
10.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 28(10): 710-712, dic. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-95344

ABSTRACT

Introducción Se estudiaron los grupos genéticos (genotipos) de Giardia duodenalis circulantes en las áreas sanitarias de 2 hospitales de Zaragoza y León (España).Métodos Se genotiparon 211 muestras de Giardia mediante PCR del gen tpi. Resultados El genotipo B fue más prevalente tanto en Zaragoza (84,7%) como en León (95,1%). Los restantes aislados fueron identificados como AII+B. Conclusiones Predominó G. duodenalis genotipo B en Zaragoza y León, con aumento de su prevalencia en Zaragoza respecto a estudios anteriores (AU)


Objectives To study Giardia duodenalis assemblages circulating in the health areas of two hospitals in Zaragoza and León (Spain).Method sA total of 211 stool samples with Giardia were genotyped by PCR of the tpi gene. Results Assemblage B was the most prevalent, both in Zaragoza (84,7%) and León (95,1%). The remaining isolates were identified as AII+B. Conclusions We detected the spread of G. duodenalis assemblage B in Zaragoza and in León, with an increase in its prevalence in Zaragoza compared to previous studies (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Giardiasis/epidemiology , Giardia/genetics , Genotype , Parasite Egg Count , Age Distribution
11.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 51(10): 597-609, 16 nov., 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-86827

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Teniendo en cuenta el número creciente de artículos aparecidos en las últimas décadas que han llamado la atención sobre la posible relevancia de la participación del cerebelo en funciones no motoras, Schmahmann y Sherman han descrito el patrón cognitivo, conductual y emocional de lo que han denominado síndrome cognitivo afectivo cerebeloso, en el que un aspecto central es la disregulación del afecto que aparece cuando las lesiones afectan a lo que se ha denominado cerebelo límbico (vermis, principalmente). Desarrollo. Se ha realizado un trabajo de revisión, no sistemática, de la bibliografía más relevante sobre la participación del cerebelo en la regulación emocional y conductual. Se han seguido dos líneas de análisis: la primera de ellas ha sido el estudio de los síntomas psicopatológicos o trastornos neuropsiquiátricos que presentan los pacientes que padecen diferentes patologías cerebelosas, desde patologías congénitas, como agenesia del cerebelo, displasia o hipoplasia, a otras enfermedades adquiridas, como tumores de la fosa posterior, cerebelitis o siderosis superficial, y donde se ha visto que cuando el vermis cerebeloso está afectado, los pacientes muestran alteraciones de conducta y de las emociones, así como mayor frecuencia de patología psiquiátrica; y en la segunda hemos analizado la participación del cerebelo en distintos trastornos psicopatológicos en los que se han evidenciado alteraciones en la estructura del cerebelo, que no son universales, pero sí consistentes, ya que implican al vermis cerebeloso. Conclusiones. Aunque el cuerpo de evidencias es creciente, la revisión crítica de la literatura científica nos lleva a reflexionar sobre el desarrollo en el estudio del sustrato cerebral de las funciones cognitivas y la evolución que ha llevado este estudio (AU)


Introduction. In recent decades there has been a significant increase in the number of articles that have drawn attention to the possible importance of the role of the cerebellum in non-motor functions. Schmahmann and Sherman, for example, have described the cognitive, behavioural and emotional pattern of what has been called cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. A central aspect of this disorder is the dysregulation of affect that occurs when lesions involve what has beencalled the limbic cerebellum (mainly the vermis). Development. A non-systematic review of the most important literature on the role of the cerebellum in emotional and behavioural regulation was carried out. Two lines of analysis were followed. The first of them was the study of the psychopathological symptoms or neuropsychiatric disorders presented by patients suffering from different cerebellar pathologies ranging from congenital pathologies such as agenesis of the cerebellum, dysplasia or hypoplasia to other acquired diseases like tumours in the posterior fossa, cerebellitis or superficial siderosis. In such cases it has been seen that when the cerebellar vermis is compromised, patients display disorders affecting their behaviour and emotions, and psychiatric pathologies are more frequent. In the second line, we analysed the role played by the cerebellum in different psychopathological disorders in which the structure of the cerebellum was found to be altered. Although not universal, these alterations were consistent, since they involve the cerebellar vermis. Conclusions. Although the body of evidence continues to grow, a critical review of the scientific literature leads us to reflect on evolution in the study of the cerebral substrate underlying the cognitive functions and the evolution undergone by this study (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Affect/physiology , Affective Symptoms/physiopathology , Cognition/physiology , Behavior/physiology , Emotions/physiology , Autistic Disorder/physiopathology , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology
12.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 27(8): 453-456, oct. 2009. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-76931

ABSTRACT

Introducciónel objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el mecanismo de sensibilidad disminuida a gentamicina en un aislamiento clínico de Salmonella, lo que nos condujo a la detección de un gen que codifica una acetiltransferasa modificante de aminoglucósidos localizada en un integron tipo 1.Métodosla cepa multiresistente de Salmonella fue aislada de las heces de un viajero a Egipto. La susceptibilidad a 12 agentes antimicrobianos se determinó mediante Kirby-Bauer. La presencia de integron clase 1 se realizó mediante PCR. El producto de PCR amplificado del integrón fue recuperado y secuenciado para conocer los genes que contenía dicho integrón. Además se determinó la susceptibilidad a gentamicina C1a, gentamicina C1, sisomicina, neomicina, dibekacina, kanamicina, tobramicina, amikacina, netilmicina, apramicina, dactimicina, espectinomicina, estreptomicina, lividomicina y butirosina. El kit de expresión Champion™ pET101 Directional TOPO® fue utilizado para clonar y expresar el gen aac(3)-I.Resultadosel aislamiento fue identificado como Salmonella enterica serovariedad Haifa, el cual presentaba resistencia al ácido nalidixico, tetraciclina y sensibilidad disminuida a gentamicina. Se observó la presencia de un integron tipo 1 con un tamaño de 1,500bp en el que se encontraron dos genes (aac(3)-Id y aadA7). El análisis de la sensibilidad a diferentes aminoglucósidos de la cepa de E. coli TOP10F’ transformada con el vector que contenia el gen aac(3)-Id demostró resistencia a gentamicina C1a, gentamicina C1, y dactimicina, en concordancia con la presencia del enzima pero era susceptible a sisomicina. La secuencia de aminoácidos presentaba un 100% de identidad con el enzima AAC(3)-Id.Conclusiónla presencia del enzima AAC(3)-Id ha sido descrita por primera vez en S. Haifa(AU)


IntroductionThe objective of this investigation was to identify the mechanism of decreased susceptibility to gentamicin in a Salmonella clinical isolate, leading to the detection of a aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene found in a class 1 integron.MethodsA multidrug-resistant Salmonella strain was recovered from feces of a traveler to Egypt. The antimicrobial susceptibility test to 12 antimicrobial agents was performed with the Kirby-Bauer method. The presence of class 1 integron was determined by PCR. The amplified product was recovered and sequenced in order to establish the genes carried. In addition, susceptibility to gentamicin C1a, gentamicin C1, sisomicin, neomycin, dibekacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, netilmicin, apramycin, dactimicin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, lividomycin and butirosin, was established. The Champion™ pET101 Directional TOPO® Expression Kit was used to clone and express the aac(3)-I gene.ResultsThe isolate was identified as Salmonella enterica serovar Haifa, showing resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline and decreased susceptibility to gentamicin. One integron with a size circa 1,500bp, encoding an aac(3)-Id plus aadA7 genes was observed. The analysis of the susceptibility to different aminoglycosides in the E. coli TOP10F’ transformed with the vector carrying aac(3)-Id gene showed resistance to gentamicin C1a, gentamicin C1, and dactimicin, in accordance with the presence of this enzyme but, was susceptible to sisomicin. The homology of the amino acid and nucleotide sequences with the AAC(3)-Id enzyme was of 100%.ConclusionThe presence of the AAC(3)-Id enzyme was described for the first time in a S. Haifa(UA)


Subject(s)
Humans , Salmonella enterica/enzymology , Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification , Acetyltransferases/isolation & purification , Diarrhea/microbiology , Travel
13.
Int. microbiol ; 10(2): 147-150, jun. 2007. ilus
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-056705

ABSTRACT

Alterations in the erm(A) regulatory region of six clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and one of Staphylococcus haemolyticus displaying a constitutive resistance phenotype were investigated. A novel deletion of 10 bp with respect to the corresponding sequence of Tn554 was identified in the attenuator of a constitutively expressed erm(A) gene of one of the S. epidermidis isolates. Thus far, this is the smallest deletion conferring constitutive resistance in the translational attenuator of erm(A) in a naturally occurring S. epidermidis strain of human origin (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Methyltransferases/genetics , Macrolides/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus epidermidis/pathogenicity , Chromosome Deletion , DNA Transposable Elements/genetics , Base Sequence
14.
Int. microbiol ; 10(1): 57-60, mar. 2007. tab
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-054988

ABSTRACT

High-level aminoglycoside resistance was assessed in 190 commensal erythromycin-resistant alpha-hemolytic streptococcal strains. Of these, seven were also aminoglycoside-resistant: one Streptococcus mitis strain was resistant to high levels of kanamycin and carried the aph(3’)-III gene, four S. mitis strains were resistant to high levels of streptomycin and lacked aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and two S. oralis strains that were resistant to high levels of kanamycin and streptomycin harbored both the aph(3’)-III and the ant(6) genes. The two S. oralis strains also carried the ant(6)-sat4- aph(3’’)-III aminoglycoside-streptothricin resistance gene cluster, but it was not contained in a Tn5405-like structure. The presence of this resistance gene cluster in commensal streptococci suggests an exchange of resistance genes between these bacteria and enterococci or staphylococci (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial/immunology , Viridans Streptococci/immunology , Aminoglycosides/pharmacokinetics , Streptothricins/pharmacokinetics , Genes, MDR/immunology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL