Experiences of cisgender youth with a transgender and/or nonbinary sibling.

While recent research has begun to address the effects of family support on transgender and/or nonbinary youth (TNY), almost no studies have directly examined how cisgender siblings in families with TNY navigate their sibling's gender disclosure and affirmation within both their families and their larger communities. We conducted an exploratory secondary analysis of in-person, semi-structured interviews with 15 adolescent and young adult siblings (age 13-24 years) of TNY from the northeastern United States from the baseline wave of the community-based, longitudinal, mixed methods Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project. Interview transcripts were analyzed using immersion/crystallization and template organizing approaches. Analyses yielded three main themes: gender-related beliefs and knowledge, peri- and post-disclosure family dynamics, and assessing responses to their sibling. Subthemes included anticipation of their sibling's TN identity, expectations post-disclosure, participants' level of involvement in gender-related family processes, perceptions of changes in family relationships, concern for their sibling (including a high degree of attunement to gender-affirming name and pronoun usage), and concern for themselves. Findings from this study suggest the need to engage directly with siblings of TNY to further elucidate their intrapersonal, intra-familial, and extra-familial experiences related to having a TN sibling and determine their unique support needs. Implications for families, clinicians, and communities are discussed.

Using Family and Ecological Systems Approaches to Conceptualize Family- and Community-Based Experiences of Transgender and/or Nonbinary Youth From the Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project.

The current study used family and ecological systems approaches to understand transgender and/or nonbinary (TNB) youths' experiences of their gender identity within family and community contexts. A sample of 33 TNB youth, ages 13-17 years (M = 15.18, SD = 1.24), were recruited from community-based venues in the New England region of the United States to participate in the Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project, a longitudinal community-based mixed methods study. TNB youth in the sample identified as trans girls (n = 12), trans boys (n = 17), and nonbinary (n = 3 assigned female at birth; n = 1 assigned male at birth). Race/ethnicity of the sample was 73% White and 15% mixed race/ethnicity. All participants completed a one-time, in-person semi-structured qualitative interview at baseline about their family and community-based experiences related to their TNB identity. Interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using immersion/crystallization and thematic analysis approaches. Eight themes were developed, which correspond to different levels of the ecological systems model: individual-level (identity processes, emotions/coping), family-level (general family experiences, family support), community-level (general community experiences; community support; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ) community), and societal/institutional-level (external forces). Findings emphasize the importance of using family and ecological systems approaches to understanding the family- and community-based experiences of TNB youth and have implications for improving clinical practice with TNB youth and families.

Sexual Minority Men's Perspectives and Experiences of Adolescent Pregnancy Risk and Pregnancy Prevention Behaviors.

Sexual minority men (e.g., gay, bisexual, queer) are more likely than heterosexual men to be involved in an adolescent pregnancy, but little research has been done on the context surrounding this disparity. To address this gap, and as part of the larger Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Pregnancy Experiences (SLOPE) Study, semi-structured interviews and descriptive surveys were conducted with 10 cisgender sexual minority men, ages 29-49, from across the United States. Interview transcripts were analyzed using immersion/crystallization and template organizing style methods, and themes were organized into a conceptual model describing sexual minority men's debut sexual activity and decision-making experiences during adolescence. This model depicts three themes: 1) partnership and negotiation of sexual experiences, 2) psychological processes related to development, pregnancy, and sexuality, and 3) cultural and environmental contexts. These three themes are contextualized by a throughline of transformative life events (i.e., the existence and chronology of life-impacting events). Findings indicate a complex interplay of psychological (e.g., developmental processes surrounding sexuality and sexual orientation), social (e.g., personal relationships), and policy-level factors (e.g., sex education) influence sexual minority men's sexuality and pregnancy prevention decision-making during adolescence. Care should be taken to consider and include sexual minority men in pregnancy prevention messaging and education.

"We're Moving in the Right Direction. Still a Long Way to Go": Experiences and Perceptions of the Climate for LGBTQ+ Employees at a Pediatric Hospital.

A positive LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/nonbinary, queer) workplace climate is critical for healthcare employee satisfaction, productivity, and patient care. The current study assessed LGBTQ+ workplace climate among 791 employees from a large urban pediatric hospital. Several workplace climate domains were assessed in an online survey: employee attitudes, training, experiences related to working with LGBTQ+ colleagues, patients and families, and LGBTQ+-specific experiences. For most domains, half or more of respondents perceived an affirming LGBTQ+ climate. LGBTQ+ employees perceived a less affirming climate than cisgender heterosexual employees. LGBTQ+ employees, especially transgender/nonbinary employees, experienced numerous discriminatory situations. Over 90% of participants felt competent and qualified to work with LGB patients/families; 80% felt competent and qualified to work with TNB patients/families. Themes from open-ended survery responses reflected three LGBTQ+ climate components: systemic, interpersonal, and "grassroots" (affinity group) initiatives. Findings inform strategies to improve LGBTQ+ employee experiences and competency caring for LGBTQ+ patients and families.

Unintended and teen pregnancy experiences of trans masculine people living in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Trans masculine people are more likely than cisgender peers to have a teen or unintended pregnancy, though little is known about the origins of these disparities. AIMS: This study aimed to describe teen and unintended pregnancy experiences among trans masculine people in order to elucidate risk factors and pregnancy-related needs. METHODS: As a part of the United States-based SexuaL Orientation, Gender Identity, and Pregnancy Experiences (SLOPE) study, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted between March 2017 and August 2018 with 10 trans masculine people, ages 20-59 years, who experienced a teen or unintended pregnancy. Audio-recorded interviews were professionally transcribed, then analyzed using immersion/crystallization and thematic analysis approaches. The themes were contextualized using sociodemographic survey data. RESULTS: The four themes that were developed from participants' narratives highlighted: 1) how trans masculine people navigated having a pregnant body (e.g., heightened gender dysphoria due to being pregnant); 2) the importance of the cultural environment in shaping experiences as a trans masculine pregnant person (e.g., pregnancy and gender-related job discrimination); 3) the development of the pregnancy over time (e.g., decision-making processes); and 4) how pregnancy (and gender identity) affected relationships with other people (e.g., adverse family of origin experiences). DISCUSSION: This study identified a number of risk factors for teen and unintended pregnancies among trans masculine people including physical and sexual abuse as well as ineffective use of contraception. This research also identifies unique needs of this population, including: relieving gender dysphoria, combating discrimination, and ensuring people feel visible and welcome, particularly in reproductive healthcare spaces. Public health practitioners, healthcare providers, and support networks (e.g., chosen family) can be key sources of support. Attention to risk factors, unique needs, and sources of support will improve reproductive healthcare and pregnancy experiences for trans masculine people.