ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chikungunya is an arbovirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which emerged in the Americas in 2013 and spread rapidly to almost every country on this continent. In Brazil, where the first cases were detected in 2014, it currently has reached all regions of this country and more than 900,000 cases were reported. The clinical spectrum of chikungunya ranges from an acute self-limiting form to disabling chronic forms. The purpose of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of chikungunya infection in a large Brazilian city and investigate the association between viral circulation and living condition. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a population-based ecological study in selected Sentinel Areas (SA) through household interviews and a serologic survey in 2016/2017. The sample was of 1,981 individuals randomly selected. The CHIKV seroprevalence was 22.1% (17.1 IgG, 2.3 IgM, and 1.4 IgG and IgM) and varied between SA from 2.0% to 70.5%. The seroprevalence was significantly lower in SA with high living conditions compared to SA with low living condition. There was a positive association between CHIKV seroprevalence and population density (r = 0.2389; p = 0.02033). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The seroprevalence in this city was 2.6 times lower than the 57% observed in a study conducted in the epicentre of the CHIKV epidemic of this same urban centre. So, the herd immunity in this general population, after four years of circulation of this agent is relatively low. It indicates that CHIKV transmission may persist in that city, either in endemic form or in the form of a new epidemic, because the vector infestation is persistent. Besides, the significantly lower seroprevalences in SA of higher Living Condition suggest that beyond the surveillance of the disease, vector control and specific actions of basic sanitation, the reduction of the incidence of this infection also depends on the improvement of the general living conditions of the population.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/virology , Chikungunya virus/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/immunology , Chikungunya Fever/transmission , Child , Child, Preschool , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/immunology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/transmission , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology , Disease Outbreaks , Female , Humans , Immunity, Herd , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Population Surveillance , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Chikungunya has had a substantial impact on public health because of the magnitude of its epidemics and its highly debilitating symptoms. We estimated the seroprevalence, proportion of symptomatic cases, and proportion of chronic form of disease after introduction of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in 2 cities in Brazil. We conducted the population-based study through household interviews and serologic surveys during October-December 2015. In Feira de Santana, we conducted a serologic survey of 385 persons; 57.1% were CHIKV-positive. Among them, 32.7% reported symptoms, and 68.1% contracted chronic chikungunya disease. A similar survey in Riachão do Jacuípe included 446 persons; 45.7% were CHIKV-positive, 41.2% reported symptoms, and 75.0% contracted the chronic form. Our data confirm intense CHIKV transmission during the continuing epidemic. Chronic pain developed in a high proportion of patients. We recommend training health professionals in management of chronic pain, which will improve the quality of life of chikungunya-affected persons.
Subject(s)
Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/virology , Chikungunya virus , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/immunology , Chikungunya Fever/transmission , Chikungunya virus/immunology , Child , Child, Preschool , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/immunology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/transmission , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Population Surveillance , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIMS: The masseter muscle is a common source of referred pain to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), with a possibility of false positive diagnoses for arthralgia when diagnosed by research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD) clinical examination. The current study investigated the distribution of arthralgia diagnoses among individuals with myofascial pain, with or without pain on masseter palpation. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted with 255 outpatients. Clinical data and questionnaires were directly entered into software that deploys algorithms based on the diagnostic criteria of the RDC/TMD, and automatically classifies and stores the diagnosis of each patient evaluated. An association between diagnostic subgroups was verified by calculating the odds ratio (OR), and the statistical significance was tested using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: A higher frequency of concordance (about three times greater) between myofascial pain and arthralgia occurred when there was pain on palpation in the region of the ipsilateral masseter muscle, and the association was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study revealed a threefold increase in the risk for the presence of temporomandibular arthralgia in cases of myofascial pain combined with pain on palpation in the region of the ipsilateral masseter muscle.
Subject(s)
Arthralgia/diagnosis , Arthralgia/physiopathology , Facial Pain/diagnosis , Facial Pain/physiopathology , Masseter Muscle/physiopathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnosis , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Algorithms , Female , Humans , Male , Pain Measurement , Palpation , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Os autores ressaltam aspectos neurossemiológicos que contribuem para a caracterização fenotípica de diversas desordens do movimento. Devido à alta prevalência, atenção maior é dada à doença de Parkinson e às síndromes parkinsonianas, sem contudo desprestigiar os tremores e outras hipercinesias tais como: atetose, balismo, coreia, distonias, mioclonias e as desordens do movimento de origem psicogênica...
The authors point out neurosemiologic aspects that contribute to phenotypic characterization of several movement disorders. Due to high prevalence, the authors mainly address Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian syndromes, but also consider tremors and other hyperkinesias such as: athetosis, ballism, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus and movement disorders of psychogenic origin...
Subject(s)
Humans , Parkinson Disease , Motor Disorders/diagnosis , Parkinsonian Disorders/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Dystonia , Essential Tremor , Neurologic Examination/methods , Motor Disorders/etiologyABSTRACT
A doença periodontal, dentre outros fatores de riscos, pode ser um provável contribuinte de agravos sistêmicos. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os fatores associados a doença periodontal em indivíduos hospitalizados no Hospital Geral Clériston Andrade, na cidade de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Trata-se de estudo exploratório em amostra de 100 indivíduos divididos em dois grupos, de acordo o diagnóstico da doença periodontal: Grupo 1 gengivite/periodontite leve (n igual 56); e Grupo 2 periodontite moderada/grave (n igual 44). Informações sociodemográficas e sobre saúde geral e bucal foram obtidas por meio de questionários estruturados e fichas de prontuários arquivados no hospital. Exame clínico periodontal foi realizado por único cirurgião-dentista treinado para obtenção precisa das medidas bucais. Mediante análise de regressão de Poisson múltipla hierarquizada, influência dos fatores de estudo sobre a doença periodontal foi testada separadamente por níveis. Os achados evidenciaram no modelo final que, além da precária condição bucal dos indivíduos hospitalizados, houve influência das variáveis idade, infecção do trato respiratório e hábito de fumar (p<0,10). No entanto, apenas idade apresentou-se estatisticamente associada à periodontite moderada/grave (RP igual 4,67; IC 95 porcento: 2,73-7,99). Concluiu-se que o impacto de fatores clássicos sob a condição periodontal reforça a adoção de práticas mais efetivas de educação em saúde bucal e cuidados de higiene em pacientes hospitalizados como rotina diária por equipe capacitada e multiprofissional.
Periodontal disease, among other risk factors, may be a likely contributor to systemic disease. The present study had the aim of describing factors associated with periodontal disease among individuals hospitalized at Clériston Andrade General Hospital, in the city of Feira de Santana, Bahia. This is an exploratory study was conducted on a sample of 100 individuals, who were divided into two groups according to their diagnosis of periodontal disease: Group 1: gingivitis/ mild periodontitis (n equal 56); and Group 2: moderate/severe periodontitis (n equal 44). Sociodemographic and general and oral health information was obtained from structured questionnaires and the medical files archived at the hospital. Clinical periodontal examinations were performed by asingle dental surgeon who had been trained to obtain precise oral measurements. Through hierarchical Poisson multiple regression analysis, the influence of the study factors on periodontal disease was tested separately for the hierarchical levels. The findings from the final model showed that, In addition to poor oral health among the hospitalized individuals, the variables of age, respiratory tract infection and smoking habit had an influence (p<0.10). However, only age showed a statistical association with moderate/severe periodontitis (PR equal 4.67; 95 percent CI: 2.73-7.99). It was concluded that the impact of classic factors on periodontal condition emphasizes that oral health education and hygiene care practices with greater effectiveness should be used among hospitalized patients, as the daily routine for the capacitated multiprofessional team.
La enfermedad periodontal, entre otros factores de riesgo, puede ser un factor probable que las enfermedades sistémicas El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los factores asociados con la enfermedad periodontal en individuos hospitalizados en el Hospital General deClériston Andrade, de la ciudad de Feira de Santana, Bahía. Este es un estudio exploratorio en uma muestra de 100 pacientes divididos en dos grupos, según el diagnóstico de la enfermedad periodontal: Grupo 1: gingivitis / periodontitis leve (n igual 56) y Grupo 2: periodontitis moderada /grave (n igual 44). La información sociodemográficos sobre la salud general y bucal se obtuvieron mediante cuestionarios estructurados y registros médicos presentados en los registros del hospital. El examen clínico fue realizado por un dentista calibrado para obtener medidas exactas de la boca. Mediante análisis de regresión de Poisson la influencia de múltiples factores sobre la enfermedad periodontal fue probado por niveles separados. Los resultados mostraron en el modelo final que, además del mal estado de salud bucal de los pacientes hospitalizados, hubo influencia de lãs variables edad, la infección del tracto respiratorio y el tabaquismo (p<0.10). Sin embargo, sólo la edad fue estadísticamente asociado con periodontitis moderada/grave (RP igual 4,67, IC 95por ciento: 2,73 a 7,99). Se concluyó que el impacto de los factores clásicos de la enfermedad periodontal refuerza la adopción de una educación para la salud bucal más eficaz y cuidado de la higiene bucal em pacientes hospitalizados como rutina diaria de un equipo capacitado y polivalente.
