ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of swallowing disorders and the associated factors in older adults living in nursing homes. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 73 older adults (≥ 60 years; mean age = 80 ± 7.49 years; female = 82.2%) living in five non-profit Brazilian nursing homes. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The frequency of swallowing disorders was determined by the Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test (VVS-T). Covariables with a p-value less than 0.20 according to Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were included in the multiple logistic regression analysis model. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: The frequency of swallowing disorders was 63%. The multiple logistic regression model revealed that the chance of an older adult living in a nursing home presenting with swallowing disorders increased by 8% with each 1-year increase in age. Decreases in oral intake level improved the chance of a negative result in the VVS-T by approximately four times, and an individual with a FOIS level below seven was almost 11 times more likely to have a swallowing disorder. CONCLUSION: The frequency of swallowing disorders in older adults living in nursing homes is high and is associated with age and oral intake. The management care team should be aware of the early detection of these conditions to prevent complications of oropharyngeal dysphagia.
Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Deglutition , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/epidemiology , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Female , Humans , Nursing Homes , ViscosityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To synthesize the scientific knowledge on the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes. RESEARCH STRATEGIES: The study question followed the PECO strategy and the search was performed in the Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS and SciELO databases, using keywords and specific free terms. SELECTION CRITERIA: articles with no time or language restrictions that reported the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes and the diagnostic criteria. DATA ANALYSIS: it was analyzed the population characteristics, the concept of "oropharyngeal dysphagia", the methods for identifying the outcome and the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the articles followed the criteria of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). RESULTS: Fifteen articles were included. There was great variability in relation to the sample size, with a predominance of longevous old women. The concept of dysphagia, when mentioned, was heterogeneous. Diagnostic criteria were diverse and mostly comprised of questionnaires or clinical trials results. No studies used instrumental tests. The frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in the studied population ranged from 5.4% to 83.7%, being higher in studies that used clinical tests, but with greater precision of confidence intervals in studies that used questionnaires and large sample size. CONCLUSION: The frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes has wide variability. Methodological discrepancies among studies compromise the reliability of frequency estimates and highlight the need for research with better defined and standardized methodological criteria.
OBJETIVO: Sintetizar o estado do conhecimento científico sobre a frequência de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos institucionalizados. ESTRATÉGIA DE PESQUISA: A pergunta de pesquisa foi formulada de acordo com a estratégia PECO e a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS e SciELO, utilizando descritores e termos livres específicos. CRITÉRIOS DE SELEÇÃO: Artigos sem restrição de tempo ou idioma, que relatassem a frequência de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos institucionalizados e o critério utilizado para diagnóstico. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS: Foram analisadas as características da população, conceito de "disfagia orofaríngea", métodos para identificação do desfecho e a frequência de disfagia orofaríngea. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos artigos seguiu os critérios do Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos quinze artigos. Houve grande variabilidade quanto ao tamanho da amostra, com predomínio de idosos longevos do sexo feminino. O conceito de disfagia, quando mencionado, foi heterogêneo. Os critérios diagnósticos foram diversos e compostos, em sua maioria, por resultados de questionários ou testes clínicos. Nenhum estudo utilizou exames instrumentais. A frequência de disfagia orofaríngea na população estudada oscilou entre 5.4% e 83.7%, sendo mais elevada nos estudos que utilizaram testes clínicos, porém, com intervalos de confiança mais precisos naqueles que usaram questionários e amostras maiores. CONCLUSÃO: A frequência de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos institucionalizados possui ampla variabilidade. As discrepâncias metodológicas entre os estudos comprometem a confiabilidade das estimativas de frequência e apontam a necessidade de pesquisas com critérios metodológicos mais bem definidos e padronizados.
Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Aged , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Nursing Homes , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo Sintetizar o estado do conhecimento científico sobre a frequência de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos institucionalizados. Estratégia de pesquisa A pergunta de pesquisa foi formulada de acordo com a estratégia PECO e a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS e SciELO, utilizando descritores e termos livres específicos. Critérios de seleção Artigos sem restrição de tempo ou idioma, que relatassem a frequência de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos institucionalizados e o critério utilizado para diagnóstico. Análise dos dados Foram analisadas as características da população, conceito de "disfagia orofaríngea", métodos para identificação do desfecho e a frequência de disfagia orofaríngea. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos artigos seguiu os critérios do Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Resultados Foram incluídos quinze artigos. Houve grande variabilidade quanto ao tamanho da amostra, com predomínio de idosos longevos do sexo feminino. O conceito de disfagia, quando mencionado, foi heterogêneo. Os critérios diagnósticos foram diversos e compostos, em sua maioria, por resultados de questionários ou testes clínicos. Nenhum estudo utilizou exames instrumentais. A frequência de disfagia orofaríngea na população estudada oscilou entre 5.4% e 83.7%, sendo mais elevada nos estudos que utilizaram testes clínicos, porém, com intervalos de confiança mais precisos naqueles que usaram questionários e amostras maiores. Conclusão A frequência de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos institucionalizados possui ampla variabilidade. As discrepâncias metodológicas entre os estudos comprometem a confiabilidade das estimativas de frequência e apontam a necessidade de pesquisas com critérios metodológicos mais bem definidos e padronizados.
ABSTRACT Purpose To synthesize the scientific knowledge on the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes. Research strategies The study question followed the PECO strategy and the search was performed in the Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS and SciELO databases, using keywords and specific free terms. Selection criteria articles with no time or language restrictions that reported the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes and the diagnostic criteria. Data analysis it was analyzed the population characteristics, the concept of "oropharyngeal dysphagia", the methods for identifying the outcome and the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the articles followed the criteria of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Results Fifteen articles were included. There was great variability in relation to the sample size, with a predominance of longevous old women. The concept of dysphagia, when mentioned, was heterogeneous. Diagnostic criteria were diverse and mostly comprised of questionnaires or clinical trials results. No studies used instrumental tests. The frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in the studied population ranged from 5.4% to 83.7%, being higher in studies that used clinical tests, but with greater precision of confidence intervals in studies that used questionnaires and large sample size. Conclusion The frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes has wide variability. Methodological discrepancies among studies compromise the reliability of frequency estimates and highlight the need for research with better defined and standardized methodological criteria.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Nursing HomesABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction During the aging process, natural modifications occur in the larynx and the structures involved in phonation which explain the specific characteristics found in the voices of elderly persons. When, at any moment, a voice fails and there is interference with communication, a voice disorder has occurred. This can generate disadvantages in communicative efficiency and have a negative impact on quality of life, compromising mechanisms of socialization, the maintenance of autonomy, and the sense of well-being. Nevertheless, there appears to be little clarity about which factors are associated with voice disorders in this population, especially from an epidemiological perspective. Objective The present study is a literature review to identify factors associated with voice disorders among the elderly described in population-based studies. Methods A systematic review of electronic databases was carried out. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The research was conducted independently by two researchers. Results Although two articles met the eligibility criteria, none fulfilled all the criteria for the evaluation of methodological quality. According to the two studies selected for this review, factors associated with voice disorders among the elderly included both physical and psychosocial aspects. However, the methodological discrepancies between the studies, particularly in relation to sample selection and the instruments used indicate great variability and compromise the reliability of the results. Conclusion Further prevalence studies and investigations of factors associated with voice disorders in the elderly from an epidemiological perspective, and which involve different cultures, should be carried out.
Resumo Introdução Durante o processo de envelhecimento, modificações naturais ocorrem na laringe e nas estruturas envolvidas na fonação que explicam as características específicas encontradas nas vozes de pessoas idosas. Quando, a qualquer momento, a voz falha e há interferência com a comunicação, ocorre um distúrbio de voz. Isso pode gerar desvantagens na eficiência de comunicação e um impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida, comprometendo os mecanismos de socialização, a manutenção da autonomia e o sentido de bem-estar. Entretanto, ainda não estão claros quais os fatores associados aos distúrbios de voz nessa população, especialmente considerando-se uma perspectiva epidemiológica. Objetivo O presente estudo é uma revisão da literatura para identificar fatores associados a distúrbios de voz em idosos descritos em estudos de base populacional. Método Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática das bases de dados eletrônicas. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi analisada utilizando-se as diretrizes Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. A pesquisa foi realizada de forma independente por dois pesquisadores. Resultados Embora dois artigos tenham preenchido os critérios de elegibilidade, nenhum deles preencheu todos os critérios para a avaliação da qualidade metodológica. De acordo com os dois estudos selecionados para esta revisão, os fatores associados aos distúrbios de voz em idosos incluíram aspectos físicos e psicossociais. Entretanto, as discrepâncias metodológicas entre os estudos, particularmente em relação à seleção da amostra e aos instrumentos utilizados, indicam grande variabilidade e comprometem a confiabilidade dos resultados. Conclusão Devem ser realizados estudos de prevalência e investigações de fatores associados a distúrbios de voz em idosos a partir de uma perspectiva epidemiológica e que levem em consideração diferentes culturas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Voice Disorders/etiology , Voice Quality/physiology , Aging/physiology , Voice Disorders/physiopathology , Age Factors , Publication BiasABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: During the aging process, natural modifications occur in the larynx and the structures involved in phonation which explain the specific characteristics found in the voices of elderly persons. When, at any moment, a voice fails and there is interference with communication, a voice disorder has occurred. This can generate disadvantages in communicative efficiency and have a negative impact on quality of life, compromising mechanisms of socialization, the maintenance of autonomy, and the sense of well-being. Nevertheless, there appears to be little clarity about which factors are associated with voice disorders in this population, especially from an epidemiological perspective. OBJECTIVE: The present study is a literature review to identify factors associated with voice disorders among the elderly described in population-based studies. METHODS: A systematic review of electronic databases was carried out. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The research was conducted independently by two researchers. RESULTS: Although two articles met the eligibility criteria, none fulfilled all the criteria for the evaluation of methodological quality. According to the two studies selected for this review, factors associated with voice disorders among the elderly included both physical and psychosocial aspects. However, the methodological discrepancies between the studies, particularly in relation to sample selection and the instruments used indicate great variability and compromise the reliability of the results. CONCLUSION: Further prevalence studies and investigations of factors associated with voice disorders in the elderly from an epidemiological perspective, and which involve different cultures, should be carried out.