ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of the study was to determine the risk of postpartum urinary tract infection (UTI) in women exposed to intermittent versus indwelling catheterization in labor. The secondary objective was to identify risk factors for development of postpartum UTI. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2016. Cases were defined as patients who were diagnosed with UTI and controls were not diagnosed with UTI. Obstetrical, infectious, and catheterization variables were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 26,517 full-term vaginal deliveries occurred during the study period with a rate of postpartum UTI of 0.7%. There were 166 cases and 695 controls included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in the rate of UTI between patients who underwent indwelling versus intermittent (reference) catheterization (OR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.67-1.64, p = .826). On multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for UTI included the relationship between use of catheterization and duration of labor (p = .026) and history of UTI during the pregnancy (p < .001). CONCLUSION: In this study, there was no difference in the rate of postpartum UTI based on catheterization method. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal method of catheterization during labor and to enable providers to implement quality improvement strategies aimed at decreasing the risk of infection.
Subject(s)
Urinary Bladder , Urinary Tract Infections , Case-Control Studies , Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects , Delivery, Obstetric/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects , Urinary Catheterization/methods , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Urinary Tract Infections/etiologyABSTRACT
Chronic GvHD (cGvHD) of the genital tract is an underreported and infrequently recognized complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in both male and female long-term survivors. Its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management are not well understood, and studies are limited. We thus provide a comprehensive review of genital cGvHD in both men and women, as well as discuss related issues of sexual health and viral reactivation. We further provide guidance on screening, management and long-term follow-up, as well as future priority areas of study.
