Performance, blood biochemistry, carcass fatty acids, antioxidant status, and HSP70 gene expressions in Japanese quails reared under high stocking density: the effects of grape seed powder and meal.

Japanese quails reared under high stocking density (SD) were evaluated for the effects of grape seed powder (GSP) and meal (GSM) supplementation on performance, blood biochemistry, thigh and breast muscle fatty acids, antioxidant status, and HSP70 gene expression. We randomly assigned 288 (15-day-old) quail chicks to six treatment groups in a factorial design (2 × 3) with four replicates, involving two density levels [160 cm2/bird (LD) and 80 cm2/bird (HD)] and three feed forms (FFs) [no supplementation, grape seed powder (3% GSP), grape seed meal (3% GSM)]. SD had a significant effect on live weight, but not on weekly feed intake, daily weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Serum creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly affected by FF and SD × FF (p < 0.05). A high SD reduced the n-3/n-6 ratio of breast muscle and a significant interaction was found between FF (p < 0.001). The SD × FF interaction reduced the Σn-6 ratio in HDM's thigh muscle, whereas in LDM, the ratio increased (p < 0.01). At high SD, neither GSP nor GSM reduced biological markers of oxidative stress (p > 0.05). Compared to GSP, GSM had higher efficacy at reducing HSP70 levels related to high SD levels. Despite this, at high SD, a diet containing 3% of GSP and GSM was not effective in overcoming oxidative stress. Therefore, more studies using different doses of GSM and GSP in quail diets would be beneficial.

The fruit extract of three strawberry cultivars prevents lipid peroxidation and protects the unsaturated fatty acids in the Fenton reagent environment.

In this study, we detected the flavonoid ingredients of three different varieties of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch cultivar Camarosa, Selva and Dorit) grown in Elazig, and we researched on their effects on the radicals DPPH√ and OH√. It was detected that in the manipulation of 50-100 µl extract, it was efficient to turn the DPPH√ radical over 85% to DPPH√ OH√ form. In in vitro environment in which hydrogen peroxide and Fenton reagent were used, it was also detected that the capacity of interception of lipid peroxidation is high. When the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA)-2-thiobarbituric acid was compared with that of the Fenton R group, the level was shown to be decreased in the groups in which a quite distinct level of the extract of strawberry fruit was given (p < 0.001). Depending on the decrease in LPO formation, the amounts of oleic acid and linoleic acid that were added to the reaction environment were preserved in in vitro environment in which the extract of strawberry fruit was added (p < 0.01, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01).Consequently, it has been confirmed that the strawberry fruit that has a scavenging effect against the radicals prevents that lipid peroxidation in in vitro environment.