Biogenic silver nanoparticle exhibits schistosomicidal activity in vitro and reduces the parasitic burden in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni.

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical parasitic disease that affects millions of people, being the second most prevalent parasitic disease worldwide. The current treatment has limited effectiveness, drug-resistant strains, and is not effective in different stages of the disease. This study investigated the antischistosomal activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNp) against Schistosoma mansoni. Bio-AgNp presented direct schistosomicidal activity on newly transformed schistosomula causing plasma membrane permeabilization. In S. mansoni adult worms, reduced the viability and affected the motility, increasing oxidative stress parameters, and inducing plasma membrane permeabilization, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid bodies accumulation, and autophagic vacuoles formation. During the experimental schistosomiasis mansoni model, Bio AgNp restored body weight, reduced hepatosplenomegaly, and decrease the number of eggs and worms in feces and liver tissue. The treatment also ameliorates liver damage and reduces macrophage and neutrophil infiltrates. A reduction in count and size was evaluated in the granulomas, as well as a change to an exudative-proliferative phase, with a local increase of IFN-γ. Together our results showed that Bio-AgNp is a promising therapeutic candidate for studies of new therapeutic strategies against schistosomiasis.

Caracterização demográfica, clínica e terapêutica dos casos de pneumonia hospitalar não associada à ventilação mecânica / Demographic, clinical and therapeutic characterization of the cases of hospital-acquired non-ventilator associated pneumonia

Objetivo: Caracterizar os indivíduos adultos internados que desenvolveram Pneumonia Hospitalar Não Associada à Ventilação Mecânica, segundo variáveis demográficas, clínicas e terapêuticas. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado em hospital terciário do norte do Paraná; considerando as fichas de notificação das Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde da Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, com idade maior ou igual a 18 anos, internados no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. Resultados: Em relação ao sexo houve similaridade, com maior prevalência em pacientes acima de 60 anos e com o tempo de permanência prolongado; as variáveis clínicas resultaram em 50,6% de pacientes com hemocultura associada à pneumonia negativa, destes,53,6% evoluíram a óbito. Quanto às culturas de secreção traqueal, obteve-se maior índice de Acinetobacter baumanni, com a utilização do antimicrobiano piperacilina sódica + tazobactam sódico. Conclusão: Os casos de Pneumonia Hospitalar Não Associada à Ventilação Mecânica ocorreram na mesma proporção entre os sexos, com prevalência em idosos e evolução de óbito de mais da metade dos indivíduos. O perfil clínico das secreções traqueais, hemocultura de Staphylo spp, revela que o microrganismo Acinetobacter baumanni foi o mais prevalente, tendo como escolha terapêutica de antimicrobiano a classe das cefalosporinas. Descritores: Pneumonia. Infecção Hospitalar. Pneumonia Associada à Assistência à Saúde. Enfermagem.

Objective: To characterize the hospitalized adult individuals thatdeveloped hospital-acquired non-ventilator associated pneumonia, according to demographic, clinical and therapeutic variables.Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study, carried out at a tertiary-level hospital in northern Paraná; considering the notification forms of Healthcare-Associated Infectionsfrom theHospital Infection Control Commissionin patients aged at least 18years old, admitted from January2017 to December2018.Results: There was similarity in relation to gender, with higher prevalence in patients over 60years old and with prolonged hospitalization time; the clinical variables resulted in 50.6% of patients with negative blood cultures associated with pneumonia, with 53.6% of them evolving to death. Regarding the tracheal secretioncultures, a higher index of Acinetobacter baumanniwas obtained, with use of the piperacillin sodium+tazobactam sodiumantimicrobial.Conclusion:The cases of hospital-acquired non-ventilator associated pneumoniaoccurred in the same proportion between the genders, with prevalence in older adults and evolution of death in more than half of the individuals. The clinical profile of the tracheal secretions andStaphylosppblood cultures reveals that the Acinetobacter baumannimicroorganism was the most prevalent, with thecephalosporins class as the antimicrobial therapeutic choice.Descriptors:Pneumonia. Cross Infection. Health-Care Associated Pneumonia. Nursing.