Development and validation of a quick, automated, and reproducible ATR FT-IR spectroscopy machine-learning model for Klebsiella pneumoniae typing.

The reliability of Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for Klebsiella pneumoniae typing and outbreak control has been previously assessed, but issues remain in standardization and reproducibility. We developed and validated a reproducible FT-IR with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) workflow for the identification of K. pneumoniae lineages. We used 293 isolates representing multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae lineages causing outbreaks worldwide (2002-2021) to train a random forest classification (RF) model based on capsular (KL)-type discrimination. This model was validated with 280 contemporaneous isolates (2021-2022), using wzi sequencing and whole-genome sequencing as references. Repeatability and reproducibility were tested in different culture media and instruments throughout time. Our RF model allowed the classification of 33 capsular (KL)-types and up to 36 clinically relevant K. pneumoniae lineages based on the discrimination of specific KL- and O-type combinations. We obtained high rates of accuracy (89%), sensitivity (88%), and specificity (92%), including from cultures obtained directly from the clinical sample, allowing to obtain typing information the same day bacteria are identified. The workflow was reproducible in different instruments throughout time (>98% correct predictions). Direct colony application, spectral acquisition, and automated KL prediction through Clover MS Data analysis software allow a short time-to-result (5 min/isolate). We demonstrated that FT-IR ATR spectroscopy provides meaningful, reproducible, and accurate information at a very early stage (as soon as bacterial identification) to support infection control and public health surveillance. The high robustness together with automated and flexible workflows for data analysis provide opportunities to consolidate real-time applications at a global level. IMPORTANCE We created and validated an automated and simple workflow for the identification of clinically relevant Klebsiella pneumoniae lineages by FT-IR spectroscopy and machine-learning, a method that can be extremely useful to provide quick and reliable typing information to support real-time decisions of outbreak management and infection control. This method and workflow is of interest to support clinical microbiology diagnostics and to aid public health surveillance.

MAOA uVNTR Genetic Variant and Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent multifactorial psychopathology affected by neurotransmitter levels. Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) influences several neural pathways by modulating these levels. This systematic review (per PRISMA protocol and PECOS strategy) endeavors to understand the MAOA uVNTR polymorphism influence on MDD and evaluate its 3R/3R and 3R* genotypic frequencies fluctuation in MDD patients from different populations. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and EMBASE databases for eligible original articles that brought data on genotypic frequencies related to the MAOA uVNTR variant in patients with MDD. We excluded studies with incomplete data (including statistical data), reviews, meta-analyses, and abstracts. Initially, we found 43 articles. After removing duplicates and applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, seven articles remained. The population samples studied were predominantly Asians, with high 3R and 4R allele frequencies. Notably, we observed higher 3R/3R (female) and 3R* (male) genotype frequencies in the healthy control groups and higher 4R/4R (female) and 4R* (male) genotype frequencies in the MDD groups in the majority of different populations. Despite some similarities in the articles analyzed, there is still no consensus on the MAOA uVNTR variant's role in MDD pathogenesis.

Taxa de cesariana nas primigestas atendidas numa maternidade pública com assistência humanizada no município de Juiz de Fora ­ MG / Rate of caesarean section in the primigravidae attended at a public maternity hospital with humanized assistance in the city of Juiz de Fora - MG

Nos últimos tempos, o Brasil tem vivenciado uma mudança de paradigma na forma de nascer. A elevada taxa de cesarianas tem demonstrado a banalização desse procedimento. Na tentativa de mudar essa realidade, o Ministério da Saúde instituiu em todo o território brasileiro o Programa de Humanização no Pré-natal e Nascimento. Com o objetivo de verificar a frequência de parto cesáreo e as principais indicações de parto operatório no momento da internação nas primigestas atendidas na Maternidade Viva Vida de Juiz de Fora ­ MG, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, baseado na análise do prontuário das primigestas internadas para parto na maternidade supracitada, durante o período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014, obtendo um total de 811 primigestas. Foram investigados o perfil epidemiológico, risco pré-natal, motivo de internação, tipo de parto e as principais indicações de parto operatório no momento da internação. O parto cesáreo ocorreu em 40,0% das primigestas e os principais motivos que levaram à indicação de parto operatório no momento da internação foram as distócias (37,8%) e os distúrbios hipertensivos maternos (35,0%). O presente estudo concluiu que a taxa de cesariana encontrada foi semelhante à média da rede pública brasileira, sendo que a maioria das indicações de parto operatório no momento da internação permeavam as indicações relativas e absolutas preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde.

Lately, Brazil has experienced a switch-over paradigm in the form of birth. The high rate of caesarean sections has shown the trivialization of this procedure. In an attempt to change this reality, the Health Ministry established throughout the Brazilian territory the Program for Humanization of Prenatal and Birth. This study aimed to describe the frequency of caesarean section and the main indications of operative delivery at the moment of hospitalization in the primigravidae at the Maternidade Viva Vida of Juiz de Fora ­ MG. Thus, a retrospective study based on medical primigravidae records admitted to the aforementioned maternity during January 2013 to December 2014 was done, obtaining a total of 811 first pregnancy. It was investigated the epidemiological profile, prenatal risk, the reason for admission, the type of delivery and the main indications of operative delivery at the moment of hospitalization. The caesarean section represented 40% of deliveries and the main indications of operative delivery at the moment of hospitalization were dystocia (37.8%) and hypertensive disorders (35%). The present study concluded that the cesarean rate found was similar to the Brazilian public sector average, with the majority of indications of operative delivery at the moment of hospitalization permeating the relative and absolute indications recommended by the Ministry of Health.

Comparação entre duas dietas à base de leite humano em relação ao crescimento e à mineralização óssea de recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso / Comparison of two diets with modified human milk regarding growth and bone mineralization of very low birth weight infants

OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficácia e tolerabilidade de duas dietas à base de leite humano (LH) acrescido de fórmula láctea (PreNan®) ou complemento nutricional especial (FM 85®) na promoção do crescimento pôndero-estatural, mineralização óssea e tempo de hospitalização de recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso (RNMBP). MÉTODO: Foram constituídos, por sorteio, dois grupos de crianças acompanhadas a partir do 15º dia de vida, até atingir o peso de alta (2000±20g): Grupo A, 14 RNMBP receberam LH+FM 85® (5g/100mL LH); Grupo B, 11 RNMBP receberam LH+PreNan® 19 por cento em volumes iguais. Foram avaliados: peso, comprimento, perímetro cefálico e prega cutânea tricipital média esquerda, calculando-se os incrementos de peso e o tempo para atingir 2000g. Foram dosados: cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e creatinina séricos e urinários e fosfatase alcalina sérica, calculando-se as taxas de reabsorção tubular de fósforo ( por centoTPR). A mineralização óssea foi avaliada por meio de técnicas radiológicas padronizadas. RESULTADOS: 11 RNMBP de cada grupo completaram o estudo. Ambas as dietas foram bem toleradas e os índices antropométricos e dosagens séricas iniciais não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos. Os incrementos de peso do Grupo B foram superiores aos do Grupo A e a fosfatase alcalina sérica do Grupo A foi maior que do Grupo B no final da observação. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos quanto à por centoTPR; mineralização óssea e tempo de hospitalização. CONCLUSÕES: Ambas as dietas foram bem toleradas. O leite humano enriquecido com PreNan® 19 por cento volume a volume (v/v) se mostrou mais eficiente em relação ao ganho de peso e ao metabolismo ósseo em comparação ao leite humano acrescido de FM 85®.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of two diets based on human milk (HM) added with PreNan® or FM 85® on physical growth, bone mineralization and duration of hospitalization. METHODS: Two groups of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants were studied: Group A, 14 infants fed with HM+FM 85® (5g/100mL HM) and Group B, 11 infants fed with HM+PreNan® 19 percent volume to volume (v/v), from the 15th day of life up to 2000g of weight. The parameters measured were: weight, length, head circumference; mean left triciptal skinfold thickness; calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and creatinine (serum and urine) and alkaline phosphatase (serum) at the beginning and at the end of the observation. The tubular phosphorus reabsorption rate ( percentTPR) was calculated and bone mineralization was assessed by X-ray. RESULTS: 11 infants of each group completed the study. There were no differences between the two groups at the beginning of the study. Weight gain per day (g/d) or per kg per day (g/kg/d) was significantly higher in Group B, and duration of hospitalization was shorter. Serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels did not differ between groups, but alkaline phosphatase levels were higher in Group A at the end of the study. Groups were similar regarding bone mineralization and percentTPR. CONCLUSIONS: Both diets were well tolerated. In terms of weight gain and bone metabolism, supplementation of HM with PreNan® 19 percent v/v was slightly but significantly better than with FM 85®.