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2.
J Dev Orig Health Dis ; 11(5): 509-520, 2020 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32594969

ABSTRACT

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) particularly among chronic consumers of added sugar-rich diets. However, the impact of early consumption of such diets on NAFLD onset and progression is unclear. Thus, this study sought to characterise metabolic factors involved in NAFLD progression in young mice fed with a high-sucrose diet (HSD). Male Swiss mice were fed HSD or regular chow (CTR) from weaning for up to 60 or 90 days. Obesity development, glucose homeostasis and serum biochemical parameters were determined at each time-point. At day 90, mice were euthanised and white adipose tissue (WAT) collected for lipolytic function assessment and liver for histology, gene expression and cytokines quantification. At day 60, HSD mice presented increased body mass, hypertriglyceridemia, peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and simple steatosis. Upon 90 days on diet, WAT from HSD mice displayed impaired insulin sensitivity, which coincided with increased fasting levels of glucose and free fatty acids (FFA), as well as NAFLD progression to NASH. Transcriptional levels of lipogenic genes, particularly stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, were consistently increased, leading to hepatic leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines spillover. Therefore, our dataset supports IR triggering in the WAT as a major factor for dysfunctional release of FFA towards portal circulation and consequent upregulation of lipogenic genes and hepatic inflammatory onset, which decisively concurred for NAFLD-to-NASH progression in young HSD-fed mice. Notwithstanding, this study forewarns against the early introduction of dietary sugars in infant diet, particularly following breastfeeding cessation.


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue, White/physiopathology , Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects , Lipogenesis/physiology , Liver/pathology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology , Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism , Animals , Child , Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Child, Preschool , Disease Models, Animal , Disease Progression , Humans , Infant , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Liver/growth & development , Liver/metabolism , Male , Mice , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/physiopathology , Weaning
3.
Diabetes Metab Syndr ; 14(5): 809-814, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32540733

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have comorbidities related to metabolic syndrome (MS) during the disease course. Its presence in different ethnicities and continents places MS as an important risk factor for COVID-19. Adequate understanding of the interplay between MS, COVID-19 and proposed therapies is required for optimum management of these patients. METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases until June 1st, 2020 and accessed the full text on COVID-19 and MS to prepare a narrative review on this topic. RESULTS: Patients with metabolic disorders like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and liver disease may face a higher risk of infection of COVID-19, greatly affecting the development and prognosis of the disease, being associated with significantly worse outcome in these patients. The proposed drugs that are in clinical trial for COVID-19 treatment must be carefully considered for clinical use, especially in patients with MS. CONCLUSION: MS is a risk factor influencing the progression and prognosis of COVID-2019. The drugs currently evaluated for the infection treatment are promising but need further studies to prove their efficacy and safety, due to the adverse effects may be exacerbated by combination therapy or due to viral infection. The development of a vaccine for immunization is still the best long-term solution.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Betacoronavirus/physiology , COVID-19 , Comorbidity , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Disease Progression , Humans , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Prognosis , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2 , Severity of Illness Index
4.
Rio de Janeiro; Fiocruz; 2018. 610 p. ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-971476

ABSTRACT

Relaciona o adensamento da APS à expansão da Estratégia Saúde da Família, apontando seu impacto na redução de desigualdades e iniquidades socioeconômicas. Neste aspecto, a abordagem intersetorial é da maior relevância, e os capítulos contribuem para uma discussão mais ampla sobre políticas públicas. Destaca-se a oportunidade deste posicionamento em um momento em que se propõe redução dos gastos governamentais com políticas sociais, em decorrência de medidas de ajuste fiscal para combater a crise econômica. Colabora também para a proposta de uma agenda internacional pautada pela defesa da qualidade e integralidade da atenção, o que implica adicionalmente aproximar a discussão proposta sobre o direito à ciência, tecnologia e inovação e ao desenvolvimento sustentável, fatores fundamentais para o cumprimento dos objetivos da Agenda 2030 aprovada pela Organização das Nações Unidas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Primary Health Care/history , Public Policy , Universal Access to Health Care Services
5.
Rio de Janeiro; Fiocruz; 2018. 610 p. ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | HISA - History of Health | ID: his-41140

ABSTRACT

Relaciona o adensamento da APS à expansão da Estratégia Saúde da Família, apontando seu impacto na redução de desigualdades e iniquidades socioeconômicas. Neste aspecto, a abordagem intersetorial é da maior relevância, e os capítulos contribuem para uma discussão mais ampla sobre políticas públicas. Destaca-se a oportunidade deste posicionamento em um momento em que se propõe redução dos gastos governamentais com políticas sociais, em decorrência de medidas de ajuste fiscal para combater a crise econômica. Colabora também para a proposta de uma agenda internacional pautada pela defesa da qualidade e integralidade da atenção, o que implica adicionalmente aproximar a discussão proposta sobre o direito à ciência, tecnologia e inovação e ao desenvolvimento sustentável, fatores fundamentais para o cumprimento dos objetivos da Agenda 2030 aprovada pela Organização das Nações Unidas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Primary Health Care/history , Public Policy , Universal Access to Health Care Services
6.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2102

ABSTRACT

Módulo que aborda a importância do acolhimento para a qualificação da atenção básica. Trata este dispositivo transformador de garantia da ampliação do acesso e da qualidade da atenção prestada como uma questão complexa. Discute a necessidade de organizar o acolhimento aos usuários e de conciliar a agenda de consultas programadas com a demanda espontânea. Neste material, são propostas reflexões sobre temas como: acesso, acolhimento, demanda espontânea e processo de trabalho. Além disso, apresenta algumas alternativas de manejo e operacionalização dos conceitos antes citados a partir de situações próximas as do cotidiano de profissionais de saúde da atenção básica.


Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Chronic Disease , Health Planning , Patient-Centered Care , Workflow , Risk Groups , Family Health , Health Policy
7.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2104

ABSTRACT

Módulo que, sob ótica da Promoção da Saúde, aborda situações vivenciadas no consultório, na visita domiciliar, em reuniões de equipe, na escola, na rua, no Nasf, em fóruns e conselhos dentro e fora do sistema de saúde e que abordam problemas de saúde pública como a hipertensão e diabetes, obesidade, violência, tuberculose, acidentes, enchentes, remoções, lixo e contaminação de rios, entre outros.


Subject(s)
Health Promotion , Health Policy , Primary Health Care , Family Health , Health Education , Public Health Surveillance , Chronic Disease
8.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther ; 10(4): 389-98, 2013 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24284091

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Estimation of the time period that precedes an injury is critical in forensic medicine. However, there is no reliable method that can be used to evaluate the oldness of a lesion. The aim of this work is to develop a fluorimetric method that can be used to follow the aging process of lesions by applying methyl-ALA (MAL) on wounds and by quantifying protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence during the healing process. We also aim to understand the changes in PPIX fluorescence by establishing a correlation with histological evaluations during the healing process. METHODS: Standardized linear wounds were made on the dorsum of 72 mice, which were divided in control (MAL -) and experimental (MAL +) groups. In vivo fluorescence spectra (FS) were collected from normal and wound skin sites of control and experimental groups, corresponding to four groups of FS spectra: (a) FS of skin wound after MAL (+/+); (b) FS of normal skin after MAL (-/+); (c) FS of skin wound without MAL (+/-) and (d) FS of normal skin without MAL (-/-). Animals were monitored periodically for 3 months and euthanized. Tissue specimens were processed for histological analysis using design-based stereological methods. Serial cross-sections were analyzed to evaluate the organization of the dermis and epidermis, collagen deposition and cellular proliferation. RESULTS: FS of skin wound with MAL (+/+) showed an expressive intensity increase from the beginning of the experiment to the 34th day, with maximum fluorescence being observed on the ≈ 11 th day after wounding. There was preferential PPIX accumulation in healing sites as compared to adjacent normal skin (+/-) in the early stage of healing. Histological findings allowed correlation of the fluorescence increase mainly with cell proliferation. The drastic decrease in the FS intensity observed in the end of the healing process was correlated with the decrease in the proliferation rate as well as with the presence of new extracellular fibrous materials. CONCLUSIONS: In the mice wound-healing model tested here, it was possible to distinguish whether the injury was in early or advanced stages by using PPIX fluorescence induced by MAL. We conclude that this method is a promising approach to evaluate the age of skin wounding and we hope this work will stimulate human studies to allow this technique to become standardized in forensic medicine.


Subject(s)
Aging/metabolism , Levulinic Acids , Protoporphyrins/analysis , Skin/chemistry , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods , Wound Healing/physiology , Wounds, Penetrating/metabolism , Aging/pathology , Animals , Biomarkers/metabolism , Levulinic Acids/analysis , Mice , Mice, Nude , Photosensitizing Agents , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Skin/injuries , Skin/pathology , Wounds, Penetrating/pathology
9.
J Drugs Dermatol ; 12(3): 344-6, 2013 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23545920

ABSTRACT

Pterygium inversum unguis is a rare but not exceptional dermatological condition, with few descriptions in literature. It occurs more frequently in females and may be associated with several clinical conditions. About 50% of cases are concurrent with collagen diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma. Severe cases are accompanied by moderate morbidity caused by discomfort when the patient has to perform minor tasks. The treatment has been considered complex, regardless of its underlying cause, with poor response to the topical therapies such as keratolytics and corticosteroids. This paper reports a case of pterygium inversum unguis with a good therapeutic response to hydroxypropyl chitosan and includes a review of the literature.


Subject(s)
Chitosan/analogs & derivatives , Nails, Malformed/drug therapy , Administration, Topical , Adult , Chitosan/administration & dosage , Chitosan/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Nails, Malformed/etiology , Nails, Malformed/pathology , Treatment Outcome
10.
São Paulo; s.n; 2012. [167] p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-657369

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Recentemente, a Espectroscopia de Fluorescência (EF) tem sido estudada como método de análise de propriedades da pele de forma nãoinvasiva e em tempo real, utilizada em uma variedade de aplicações, incluindoavaliação e diagnóstico do tecido in vivo. Contudo, na cicatrização da pele, essa técnica não tem sido completamente explorada. Visto que a determinação da idade de uma lesão é um aspecto importante na medicina forense, esse trabalho tem por objetivo testar a aplicabilidade da medida da Intensidade de Fluorescência (IF) após o uso de metil-aminolevulinato (MAL) na estimativa da idade de lesão incisa, através da EF ao longo do tempo e fazer a correlação desta com os achados histológicos. Materiais e Métodos: Foram utilizados camundongos hairless como modelo experimental. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: com (+) e sem (-) o uso de MAL antes da EF. Incisões cirúrgicas lineares foram realizadas no dorso de cada animal. Espectros na faixa de 480 e 800 nm foram coletados da lesão e da pele normal adjacente, usando o sistema Ocean Optics, correspondendo a quatro condições: a) IF da lesão após MAL (+/+); b) IF da pele normal após MAL (-/+); c) IF da lesão sem MAL (+/-) e d) IF da pele normal sem MAL (-/-). Após a cirurgia, os animais foram monitorados periodicamente até 3 meses de pós-operatório e eutanaziados em grupos. Fragmentos de pele, contendo todo o ferimento, foram removidos e processados para análise histológica por métodosestereológicos. Vários cortes histológicos foram analisados para avaliar a organização da derme e da epiderme, deposição de colágeno e proliferação celular (imunoistoquímica por PCNA). Resultados: Nas fases iniciais da cicatrização, a EF in vivo mostrou acúmulo preferencial de protoporfirinas na lesão com uso de MAL (+/+), quando comparado à pele normal adjacente (-/+). Contudo, nas fases avançadas, ocorreu o inverso. houve uma diferença estatisticamente significante neste grupo (+/+) ao longo do tempo...


Background and Objective: In recent years, Fluorescence Spectroscopy (FS) has been explored as a novel noninvasive and real-time technique for analysis of skin properties, useful in a wide variety of applications, including tissue evaluation and diagnosis. However, the use of FS in skin wound healing has not been fully explored. Since aging of injuries on a victim’s body is an important aspect of forensic medicine, this paper intended to test the usefulness of collecting Fluorescence Intensity (FI) after topical MAL on age estimate of the incised lesion, through the study by FS over time and correlation with histological findings. Materials and Methods: As experimental model, was used hairless mice. The mice were divided into two groups: with (+) and without (-) use MAL before FS. Standardized linear wounds were made on the dorsum of each mice. Spectra in the 480-800 nm wavelength range were collected from normal and wound skin using Ocean Optics system, corresponding to four conditions: a) FI of skin wound after MAL (+/+); b) FI of normal skin after MAL (-/+); c) FI of skin wound without MAL (+/-) and d) FI of normal skin without MAL (-/-). After wounding, the animals were monitored periodically until 3 months and killed in groups. Tissue specimens, containing the whole wound, were removed and processed for histological analysis using stereological techniques. Several cross-sections were analyzed to evaluate the organization of the dermis and epidermis, collagen deposition and cellular proliferation (PCNA - imunohistochemistry antigen). Results: In vivo FS of skin wound healing with MAL (+/+) showed that there was a protoporphyrin preferential accumulation in healing site as compared to adjacent normal skin (+/-) in the early stage of healing. However, in the later stages, the reverse happened. There was statistically significant into this group (+/+) along the time (p < 0,0001); what not happened with another groups ((-/+); (+/-) and (-/-)). The model...


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Histology , Immunohistochemistry , Mice, Hairless , Spectrometry, Fluorescence , Wound Healing
11.
An Bras Dermatol ; 86(4 Suppl 1): S89-91, 2011.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22068781

ABSTRACT

Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus is a polymorphous autoimmune disease which may mimic some other clinical conditions, causing diagnostic difficulties. Acneiform lesions, including comedones and pitting scars are occasionally atypical presentations of cutaneous discoid lupus erythematosus.


Subject(s)
Facial Dermatoses/pathology , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/pathology , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Facial Dermatoses/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/drug therapy , Tetracycline/therapeutic use
12.
An. bras. dermatol ; 86(4,supl.1): 89-91, jul,-ago. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604130

ABSTRACT

Lúpus eritematoso cutâneo crônico é doença autoimune, com apresentações polimorfas que podem, eventualmente, mimetizar outras condições clínicas, causando dificuldade diagnóstica. Quadro acneiforme, com comedões e lesões atróficas pontuadas (pitting scars) pode constituir apresentação atípica do lúpus eritematoso cutâneo discóide.


Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus is a polymorphous autoimmune disease which may mimic some other clinical conditions, causing diagnostic difficulties. Acneiform lesions, including comedones and pitting scars are occasionally atypical presentations of cutaneous discoid lupus erythematosus.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Facial Dermatoses/pathology , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/pathology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Facial Dermatoses/drug therapy , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/drug therapy , Tetracycline/therapeutic use
13.
An Bras Dermatol ; 86(3): 527-36, 2011.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21738970

ABSTRACT

Reports of child abuse have increased significantly. The matter makes most physicians uncomfortable for two reasons: a) Little guidance or no training in recognizing the problem; b - Not understanding its true dimension. The most common form of child violence is physical abuse. The skin is the largest and frequently the most traumatized organ. Bruises and burns are the most visible signs. Physicians (pediatricians, general practitioners and dermatologists) are the first professionals to observe and recognize the signs of intentional injury. Dermatologists particularly, can help distinguish intentional injury from accidental, or from skin diseases that mimic maltreatment.


Subject(s)
Burns/diagnosis , Child Abuse/diagnosis , Contusions/diagnosis , Skin/injuries , Child , Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis , Dermatology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male
14.
An. bras. dermatol ; 86(3): 527-536, maio-jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-592176

ABSTRACT

As denúncias de abuso contra a criança têm sido frequentes e configuram grave problema de saúde pública. O tema é desconfortável para muitos médicos, seja pelo treinamento insuficiente, seja pelo desconhecimento das dimensões do problema. Uma das formas mais comuns de violência contra a criança é o abuso físico. Como órgão mais exposto e extenso, a pele é o alvo mais sujeito aos maustratos. Equimoses e queimaduras são os sinais mais visíveis. Médicos (pediatras, clínicos-gerais e dermatologistas) costumam ser os primeiros profissionais a observar e reconhecer sinais de lesões não acidentais ou intencionais. Os dermatologistas podem auxiliar na distinção entre lesões traumáticas intencionais, acidentais e doenças cutâneas que mimetizam maus-tratos.


Reports of child abuse have increased significantly. The matter makes most physicians uncomfortable for two reasons: a) Little guidance or no training in recognizing the problem; b - Not understanding its true dimension. The most common form of child violence is physical abuse. The skin is the largest and frequently the most traumatized organ. Bruises and burns are the most visible signs. Physicians (pediatricians, general practitioners and dermatologists) are the first professionals to observe and recognize the signs of intentional injury. Dermatologists particularly, can help distinguish intentional injury from accidental, or from skin diseases that mimic maltreatment.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Burns/diagnosis , Child Abuse/diagnosis , Contusions/diagnosis , Skin/injuries , Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis , Dermatology , Diagnosis, Differential
16.
Rio de Janeiro-RJ; FIOCRUZ; 2.ed.rev.ampl; 2011. 478 p.
Monography in Portuguese | Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-939440
17.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: cfc-181039

ABSTRACT

Cerimônia de abertura do Encontro Nacional de Escolas de Governo em Saúde que além de dar as boas-vindas aos participantes do evento, debateu o Programa Nacional de Formação de Gestores do SUS e a Rede de Escolas de Governo como estratégia para a formação em saúde pública no sistema de saúde. A mesa foi composta pelo diretor da ENSP, Antônio Ivo de Carvalho, pela Diretora do Projeto REGESUS/MS, Cristina Fekete, pela representante do Conselho Nacional de Secretarias de Saúde, Keterine Perillo, pela Coordenadora da Escola de Governo da ENSP, Roberta Gondim, pela Coordenadora do Projeto REGESUS/ENSP, Tânia Celeste, e pelo Presidente da Associação Brasileira de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (ABRASCO), José Cavalheiro. Arquivo disponível para audição e/ou download no ícone ao lado.

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