α2,6-sialic Acid on the Platelet Membrane Surface is a Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Children with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia.

Objective: To analyze the expression of platelet membrane glycoprotein sialylation in primary immune thrombocytopenia and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods: 100 children with primary immune thrombocytopenia diagnosed and treated in the Children's Hospital of Yunhe District Central Hospital of Cangzhou City, Hebei Province from January 2020 to June 2022 were included in the study group. All children were treated with dexamethasone (DXMS) shock therapy; Another 20 healthy children who underwent routine physical examination at the same time were selected and included in the control group. The study measured the platelet membrane surface in plasma using flow cytometry in two groups: the comparative study group and the control group. The study measured the positive rates of α 2,3-sialic acid (α 2, 3-sa) and α 2,6-sialic acid (α 2, 6-sa) in both groups. The study also measured the positive rates of α 2,3-sialic acid (α 2, 3-sa) and α 2,6-sialic acid (α 2, 6-sa) before and after treatment in the comparative study group. At the same time, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the content of sialic acid and sialidase activity and content in the serum. The detection values of α2, 3-SA, and α2, 6-SA expression of children in the study group and the control group were compared, and the detection values of α2, 3-SA, and α2, 6-SA expression of children in the study group before and after treatment were compared. Results: There was no significant difference in the positive rate of α 2, 3-sa between the study group and the control group (t=0.852, P > .05); Study Group: The positive rate of α 2,6-sa was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < .05). In the study group, there was no significant difference in the positive rate of α 2,3-sa before and after treatment (P > .05). However, after treatment, the positive rate of α 2,6-sa was significantly higher than before (P < .05). The study found that the children in the study group had significantly higher levels of serum sialic acid content, sialidase activity, and content than those in the control group (P < .05). After treatment, the children in the study group showed a decrease in serum sialic acid content, sialidase activity, and content, which was statistically significant (P < .05) compared to before treatment. Conclusion: The sialylation of platelet membrane glycoprotein is abnormally expressed in primary immune thrombocytopenia. The sialylation of platelet membrane glycoprotein may be involved in the occurrence and development of the disease. It is of great practical significance to diagnose and evaluate the therapeutic effect of the disease by detecting the sialylation of platelet membrane glycoprotein.

DUSP1 regulates hippocampal damage in epilepsy rats via ERK1/2 pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of DUSP1 on the hippocampal injury of young rats with epilepsy (EP) through mediating ERK1/2 signaling pathway. METHODS: Young SD rats were selected and divided into Control, EP, EP + LV-GFP, EP + LV-DUSP1, EP + LV-siDUSP1, and EP + LV-siDUSP1 + U0126 groups. Morris Water Maze Test was used to detect the spatial learning and memory. Nissl staining and TUNEL staining were conducted and the inflammatory factors and oxidative stress-related indicators were also measured. Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression of DUSP1 and ERK1/2 pathway. EP cell model was constructed in vitro to verify the in vivo results. RESULTS: Compared with Control group, young rats in EP group had decreased spatial learning and memory abilities and increased apoptotic rate and decreased number of Nissl positive cells. Besides, the up-regulated levels in inflammatory factors (IL-1ß, IL-6), MDA content, and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 protein expression, as well as the down-regulated levels in DUSP1 protein expression and SOD content were also observed in EP rats. The EP rats treated with LV-DUSP1 showed obvious improvements regarding the above indicators, while those treated with LV-siDUSP1 had aggravated injury. But the effect of LV-siDUSP1 can be reversed by the treatment with ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor U0126. Further in vitro investigation verified the in vivo results. CONCLUSION: DUSP1 may ameliorate the oxidative stress and inflammatory injury, as well as improve spatial learning and memory abilities via inhibiting ERK1/2 pathway, eventually playing protective roles in hippocampal injury of young rats with EP.

[Effects of all-trans retinoic acid and compound huangdai tablet sequential maintenance treatment on the long-term efficacy of acute promyelocytic leukemia patients].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference in the long-term efficacy between all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined Compound Huangdai Tablet and ATRA combined methotrexate (MTX) and 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) as the sequential maintenance treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. METHODS: Totally 83 APL patients in the molecular remission (PML/RARalpha negative) were randomly assigned to two groups, the treatment group (45 cases) and the control group (38 cases) after they were induced to the complete remission (CR) by ATRA combined chemotherapy, and treated by sequential chemotherapy as the consolidated treatment for 3 therapeutic courses. Those in the treatment group were sequentially treated with ATRA and Compound Huangdai Tablet as maintenance therapy, while those in the control group were treated with ATRA and MTX + 6MP as maintenance therapy. After a long-term follow-up (2003 -2011), the long-term therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two therapeutic regimens. RESULTS: The 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was 84.4% +/- 5.4% in the treatment group and 63.2% +/- 7.8% in the control group, showing statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The 5-year overall survival rate (OSR) was 86.7% +/- 5. 1% in the treatment group and 78.7% +/- 6.7% in the control group, showing no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the adverse reaction between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The application of ATRA and Compound Huangdai Tablet as maintenance therapy could elevate the long-term RFS rate of APL patients.