Self-reported clinical features and treatment effectiveness of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patients from five Latin American countries: A cross-sectional online survey study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Most studies about Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) are limited to case reports and patients of the same nationality. This study aimed to determine the self-reported prevalence of signs, symptoms and treatment effectiveness in PLS patients from five Latin American countries. METHODS: An online survey was conducted among adult and paediatric patients from Mexico, Argentina, Colombia and Brazil. Data were collected using multiple-choice, open-ended and image-chooser questions on demographics, signs and symptoms, perceived treatment effectiveness and quality of life. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (10 males and 7 females) aged 4-47 years were surveyed. All had palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Other affected sites were the feet and hand dorsum (82.35%), Achilles tendon (88.24%), forearms (58.82%), legs (29.41%) and glutes (23.53%). They frequently presented hyperhidrosis and nail pitting. Four had a history of delayed umbilical cord separation. All used topical treatments, with moderate effectiveness; half used oral retinoids, perceived as highly effective. Most reported decreased quality of life and walking difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: The study's results align with prior research on PLS, but reveal new insights, including the impact on patients' quality of life and a history of delayed umbilical cord separation. These findings warrant consideration in future research and patient care.

Cross-species transmission and PB2 mammalian adaptations of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 viruses in Chile.

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) emerged in wild birds in Chile in December 2022 and spilled over into poultry, marine mammals, and one human. Between December 9, 2022 - March 14, 2023, a coordinated government/academic response detected HPAIV by real-time RT-PCR in 8.5% (412/4735) of samples from 23 avian and 3 mammal orders. Whole-genome sequences obtained from 77 birds and 8 marine mammals revealed that all Chilean H5N1 viruses belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b and cluster monophyletically with viruses from Peru, indicating a single introduction from North America into Peru/Chile. Mammalian adaptations were identified in the PB2 segment: D701N in two sea lions, one human, and one shorebird, and Q591K in the human and one sea lion. Minor variant analysis revealed that D701N was present in 52.9 - 70.9% of sequence reads, indicating the presence of both genotypes within hosts. Further surveillance of spillover events is warranted to assess the emergence and potential onward transmission of mammalian adapted H5N1 HPAIV in South America.

Chemical and sensory assessment of extra virgin olive oil blends with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant origin

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is known for its health benefits, although it provides a minimum amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), which play an important role in the human organism. In this study, EVOO was blended with vegetable oils which are rich sources of n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and/or stearidonic acid (SDA) (chia, walnut, linseed and viper's bugloss seed oils). Fatty acid profiles, induction time, and organoleptic characteristics of the resulting blends were assessed. The n-3 PUFA enrichment in the blends was proportional to the degree of blending. Sensory analysis carried out by a trained panel showed that it is possible to enrich EVOO with up to 20% chia, linseed and viper's bugloss seed oil without altering the original organoleptic characteristics of EVOO. However, the induction time of the blends was significantly reduced compared with EVOO even after adding n-3 PUFA in small proportions, meaning that shelf-life time of these blends is much lower than that of EVOO, which should be considered when preparing these products for commercial purposes.

El aceite de oliva extra virgen (AOEV) es ampliamente conocido por sus beneficios para la salud, aunque apenas aporta ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 (AGPI n-3), los cuales juegan un papel importante en el organismo humano. En este estudio se elaboraron mezclas de AOEV con aceites vegetales ricos en ácido alfa-linolénico (ALA) y/o estearidónico (SDA) (chia, nuez, linaza y viborera). Se evaluaron los perfiles de ácidos grasos, tiempos de inducción y características organolépticas de las mezclas resultantes. El enriquecimiento en AGPI n-3 fue proporcional al grado de mezcla. El análisis sensorial llevado a cabo por un panel entrenado mostró que es posible enriquecer AOEV con hasta un 20% de aceite de chia, linaza o viborera sin alterar las características organolépticas originales del AOEV. Sin embargo, los tiempos de inducción de las mezclas fueron significativamente menores que el del AOEV, incluso tras añadir AGPI n-3 en pequeñas proporciones, lo que significa que el tiempo de vida media de las mezclas es mucho menor que el del AOEV. Este hecho debería tenerse en cuenta al preparar las mezclas con propósitos comerciales.

Gusto dulce: Percepción, fuentes alimentarias y preferencias

El dulzor es un atributo característico de alimentos y bebidas que contienen azúcares u otros edulcorantes. El uso de azú-cares ha sido reemplazado por otros edulcorantes, a fin de disminuir los efectos nocivos de éstos en diferentes resultados de salud. Sin embargo, se ha sugerido que el gusto dulce, independiente de su origen, podría tener efectos indeseados en la salud. En este artículo se revisan diversos aspectos relacionados con el gusto dulce, desde su percepción, su presencia en alimentos y líquidos, las preferencias innatas y adquiridas por este gusto y los productos que lo aportan. Se analiza además la importancia de estudiar el rol del gusto dulce en la dieta y salud.

Sweetness is a characteristic of foods and beverages that contain sugars or other sweeteners. Sugars have been replaced by other sweeteners to reduce their harmful effects on different health outcomes. However, it has been suggested that the sweet taste, regardless of its origin, could have unwanted effects on health. This article reviews various aspects of sweet taste, from its perception, presence in foods and liquids, innate and acquired preferences for this taste, and the products that provide it. We also analyzed the importance of studying the role of sweet taste in diet and health.

Fortalezas y debilidades sobre la incorporación de salud intercultural en la formación de enfermería / Strengths and weaknesses on the incorporation of intercultural health in nursing training

Objetivo principal: Analizar las fortalezas y debilidades identificadas por profesionales de enfermería sobre la incorporación de salud intercultural en la formación. Metodología:Investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico. Diseño: estudio de caso intrínseco. Participaron en total 28 profesionales de enfermería de la región del Maule, Chile que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión.Resultados principales:Las fortalezas identificadas fueron concordancia con la realidad país, integridad profesional y competencia intercultural en salud, esto permitiría proporcionar atención a cualquier persona que lo necesite. La debilidad principal radica en que la formación en cuidado intercultural está implícita en el itinerario formativo.Conclusión principal:El currículo de Enfermería posee elementos que le permitirían gestionar el cuidado de manera integral y holística; no obstante, las temáticas interculturales se aprecian implícitas o ausentes en la formación. Esto evidencia la necesidad de flexibilizar y transversalizar los contenidos, donde los académicos propicien metodologías de enseñanza dinámicas y los profesionales clínicos fomenten encuentros interculturales de manera reflexiva.(AU)

Objective: To analyse the strengths and weaknesses identified by nursing professionals on the incorporation of intercultural health in nursing training.Methods:Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Intrinsic case study design. A total of 28 nursing professionals participated of the Maule region, Chile, who met the inclusion criteria.Results:The strengths identified were consistent with the country's reality, professional integrity, and intercultural competence in health, this would allow providing healthcare to anyone who needs it. The main weakness lies in the fact that training in intercultural care is implicit in the training itinerary.Conclusions:The Nursing curriculum has elements that would allow to manage care in a comprehensive and holistic way; however, intercultural themes are implicit or absent in the training. This evidences the need to make content more flexible and transversal, where academics promote dynamic teaching method-ologies and clinical professionals foster intercultural encounters in a reflective manner.(AU)

Sweetness of Chilean Infants' Diets: Methodology and Description.

Sugars and other sweeteners contribute to the sweet taste of foods; exposure to this taste could alter appetite regulation and preferences for sweet products. Despite this, there is no widely accepted methodology for estimating overall diet sweetness. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to estimate diet sweetness and describe diet sweetness in a cohort of Chilean infants. In order to estimate diet sweetness density, the sweetness intensity of foods was obtained from existing databases and from sensory evaluations in products with no available information and then linked to 24-h dietary recalls of infants at 12 and 36 months of age. Diet sweetness density was significantly and positively associated with total sugars and non-nutritive sweeteners intakes. The main food sources of sweetness at 12 months were fruits (27%) and beverages (19%). Sweetness density increased 40% between 12 and 36 months (from 1196 to 1673, p < 0.01), and sweetness density at both ages was significantly associated. At 36 months, beverages and dairy products were the main sources of sweetness (representing 32.2% and 28.6%, respectively). The methodology presented here to estimate the sweetness density of the diet could be useful for other studies to help elucidate different effects of exposure to high sweetness.

Personal and professional characteristics of the primary care nurse in the cultural care of migrant populations.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the personal and professional characteristics perceived by primary nurses from a province located in the Maule region, Chile, regarding care with cultural relevance of the migrant person. METHOD: Qualitative paradigm with an instrumental case study design, participated 9 professionals from 3 Family Health Centers, meeting inclusion criteria. The article is part of the doctoral thesis work and has the approval of the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Universidad Católica Del Maule. Data collection was through in-depth semi-structured interviews, between January and February 2020. The analysis was carried out from Albert Schütz's sociophenomenology with hermeneutical components. RESULTS: Empathy and cultural knowledge stand out as personal characteristics and in the professional area, comprehensive knowledge, and care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Caring with cultural relevance is a challenge for nursing, training in cultural competence is required and continue researching on the subject.

Over the Counter Products for Acne Treatment and Maintenance in Latin America: A Review of Current Clinical Practice.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and clinical presentation of acne vulgaris in Latin America are comparable to that in Europe and the United States. This review aims at insight into the role of Over the Counter (OTC) products in acne treatment and maintenance in Latin America. METHODS: A panel of dermatologists from Latin America employed an online procedure to answer questions on this topic: What is used, by whom, when, how, and why? Before the meeting, a survey was completed by dermatologists from Latin America on OTC products for acne recommended by the panel in their clinical practice. The survey information and a literature review on Latin American acne guidelines and clinical studies were used to address this topic. RESULTS: The survey responders' choices on OTC products for monotherapy comprised alpha-hydroxy acid and beta-hydroxy acid-containing serum, ceramides-containing foaming cleanser, a soap-free exfoliating cleanser, adapalene, and benzoyl peroxide-containing products. The clinicians recommended OTC cleansing products mainly for younger patients at a starter level and for women with adult acne. The use of these OTC products is similar to practice described in therapeutic acne guidelines and algorithms for Latin American countries, Spain and Portugal, Europe, and the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Advisors agreed that OTC products and skincare recommendations, in addition to the use of prescription medications, are a crucial part of successful acne therapy. Participants noted that the use of quality OTC products could improve acne symptomatology and severity. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(3):244-250. doi:10.36849/JDD.5779 THIS ARTICLE HAD BEEN MADE AVAILABLE FREE OF CHARGE. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN TO ACCESS THE FULL fTEXT OF THIS ARTICLE WITHOUT LOGGING IN. NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. PLEASE CONTACT THE PUBLISHER WITH ANY QUESTIONS.

Personal and professional characteristics of the primary care nurse in the cultural care of migrant populations / Características pessoais e profissionais do enfermeiro de cuidados primários no cuidado cultural de populações migrantes / Características personales y profesionales del enfermero de atención primaria en el cuidado cultural de poblaciones migrantes

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the personal and professional characteristics perceived by primary nurses from a province located in the Maule region, Chile, regarding care with cultural relevance of the migrant person. Method Qualitative paradigm with an instrumental case study design, participated 9 professionals from 3 Family Health Centers, meeting inclusion criteria. The article is part of the doctoral thesis work and has the approval of the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Universidad Católica Del Maule. Data collection was through in-depth semi-structured interviews, between January and February 2020. The analysis was carried out from Albert Schütz's sociophenomenology with hermeneutical components. Results Empathy and cultural knowledge stand out as personal characteristics and in the professional area, comprehensive knowledge, and care. Final considerations Caring with cultural relevance is a challenge for nursing, training in cultural competence is required and continue researching on the subject.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as características pessoais e profissionais que os enfermeiros da atenção primária em uma província da região de Maule, Chile, quanto ao cuidado com relevância cultural à pessoa migrante. Método Paradigma qualitativo, com desenho de estudo de caso instrumental. Participaram 9 profissionais de 3 Centros de Saúde da Família que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão para participação no estudo. Este trabalho faz parte de uma tese de doutorado, aprovada previamente pelo Comitê de Ética Científico da Universidad Católica del Maule. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2020. A análise foi realizada a partir da fenomenologia social de Albert Schütz com componentes hermenêuticos. Resultados A empatia e o conhecimento cultural destacam-se como características pessoais e conhecimento e cuidados integrais são destacados como características profissionais. Considerações finais Cuidar com relevância cultural é um desafio para a enfermagem, pois exige formação em competência cultural e pesquisas contínuas sobre essa temática.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las características personales y profesionales que perciben los enfermeros y enfermeras de atención primaria de una provincia de la región del Maule, Chile, respecto al cuidado con pertinencia cultural a la persona migrante. Método Paradigma cualitativo con diseño estudio de caso de tipo instrumental, participaron 9 profesionales de 3 Centros de Salud Familiar que cumplieron criterios de inclusión; el artículo es parte del trabajo de tesis doctoral, cuenta con la aprobación del Comité de Ética Científico de la Universidad Católica del Maule. Recolección de datos fue mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad, entre enero y febrero 2020. El análisis se realizó desde la sociofenomenología de Albert Schütz con componentes hermenéuticos. Resultados Destaca la empatía y conocimiento cultural como características personales y del área profesional conocimientos y cuidados integrales. Consideraciones finales Cuidar con pertinencia cultural es desafío para enfermería, se requiere formación en competencia cultural y continuar investigando en la temática.

Correction to: Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners by pre-schoolers of the food and environment Chilean cohort (FECHIC) before the implementation of the Chilean food labelling and advertising law.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Experiencias de estudiantes en la carrera de enfermería que han reprobado una actividad curricular / Experiences of students in the nursing career who have failed a curricular activity / Experiências de estudantes da carreira de enfermagem que fracassaram em uma atividade curricular

En Chile las altas tasas de repitencia y deserción en estudiantes universitarios ha sido tema de preocupación de docentes y autoridades. OBJETIVO: Conocer las experiencias de estudiantes que han reprobado alguna actividad curricular en el año 2016 en los niveles del II, III y IV año de la carrera de enfermería. La ejecución de este proyecto se realizó en una universidad chilena, previa autorización del consentimiento informado y del comité de ética. MÉTODO: Cualitativo fenomenológico. La muestra se obtuvo mediante criterios de saturación y determinada a lo largo del estudio durante el proceso recolección y el análisis de los datos, como base en los resultados obtenidos por el investigador. Para la recolección de datos se realizó una entrevista en profundidad semiestructurada, individual y focus group. El análisis de los datos se efectuó bajo la mirada del filósofo Martin Heidegger y la Doctora Patricia Benner. El rigor metodológico se cumple mediante la triangulación. RESULTADOS: La reprobación es un proceso transversal en los diferentes niveles de formación de pregrado que conlleva a incrementos en los gastos económicos familiares y a nivel país. La brecha entre la educación media y universitaria es amplia en términos de las metodologías de enseñanza y de aprendizaje, además de la carga académica de los estudiantes. CONCLUSIÓN: El fenómeno de la reprobación es reconocido como un proceso complejo, multivariado cuyos significados son distintos, con una carga emocional importante, tanto para el estudiante como para la familia

In Chilean universities, class failure and dropouts are a big concern among teachers and authorities. The objective of this research was to know the student experiences, who have failed a curricular activity during 2016, in the levels of the II, III, and IV years in a nursing program. This project was carried in a Chilean university and it was authorized by the informed consent and the Ethics Committee. METHOD: qualitative phenomenological. The sample was obtained by saturation criterion and determined in the study during the collection process and data analysis by the researcher. For data collection, a semi-structured individual interview was conducted to the focus group. The data were analyzed with the point of view of the philosopher Martin Heidegger, and Dr. Patricia Benner. Methodological rigor was accomplished by triangulation. RESULTS: Failure is a cross-sectional process at different levels of undergraduate training which leads to increases in family and country economic expenses. The gap between higher and college education is wide in terms of teaching and learning methodologies, in addition to the academic load of the students. CONCLUSION: the phenomenon of failing is recognized as a complex and multivariate process, whose meanings are different and with a significant emotional burden, for both the student and the family

No Chile, as altas taxas de repetição e evasão de estudantes universitários têm sido motivo de preocupação para professores e autoridades. O objetivo da pesquisa é conhecer as experiências de alunos que reprovaram alguma atividade curricular no ano de 2016 nos níveis do 2°, 3° e 4° ano do curso de enfermagem. A execução deste projeto foi realizada em uma universidade chilena, com autorização prévia do consentimento informado e do comitê de ética. METODO: A abordagem utilizada foi fenomenológica qualitativa. A amostra foi obtida por meio de critérios de saturação e determinada ao longo do estudo durante o processo de coleta e análise dos dados, com base nos resultados obtidos pelo pesquisador. Para a coleta de dados, foi realizada uma entrevista profunda, semiestruturada, individual e em grupo focal. Os dados foram analisados sob o olhar do filósofo Martin Heidegger e da Dra. Patricia Benner. O rigor metodológico é atendido por triangulação. Os resultados indicaram que A reprovação é um processo transversal em diferentes níveis de formação na graduação que leva a aumentos nas despesas econômicas da família e do país. A diferença entre o ensino médio e o ensino superior é grande em termos de metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem, além da carga acadêmica dos alunos. CONCLUSÃO: O fenômeno da reprovação é reconhecido pelos entrevistados como um processo complexo, multivariado, cujos significados são diferentes e que também levam a uma carga emocional importante para o aluno e a familia

Aplicación y efectividad de un modelo educativo en hábitos saludables con entrega de fruta y programa de actividad física en escolares

RESUMEN El objetivo fue evaluar una intervención educativa en hábitos de alimentación saludable basada en el programa Colación BKN en pre-escolares y escolares entre los años 2013-2018. Diseño longitudinal con comparación de cortes trasversales en escolares de prekínder a cuarto año básico durante 4 años en 14 escuelas de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. El programa consistió en entrega de fruta como colación, educación alimentaria, mejora de la actividad física y kioscos escolares, con participación de profesores y familias. Como resultado se observó una mejoría de los conocimientos en alimentación saludable de los niños, con una excelente satisfacción de usuarios. Sobrepeso y obesidad se mantuvieron el 2016 y 2018, pero aumentaron el 2015 y 2017. En escuelas similares no intervenidas el exceso de peso fue mayor con respecto a las del programa. Hubo una tendencia a disminuir el consumo de dulces y bebidas azucaradas en prekínder y kínder entre 2014 y 2017 y el consumo de 3 porciones al día de frutas y verduras en niños intervenidos fue superior al promedio nacional de 2 porciones al día.Conclusiones: Hubo un aumento exitoso en el consumo de frutas y verduras, educación alimentaria y actividad física para el cambio hacia hábitos más saludables.

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate an educational intervention for healthy eating habits based on the Colación BKN program, among preschool and schoolchildren, carried out in 2013-2018. We conducted a longitudinal study with cross-sectional data among preschool and school-age children (up to the fourth grade) over four years in 14 schools in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The intervention program consisted of fruit delivery, nutrition education and improvements in physical activity and school food kiosks, with active participation of teachers and parents. There was an improvement in knowledge of healthy foods in children and excellent user satisfaction. Overweight and obesity did not increase during 2016 and 2018, but increased in 2015 and 2017. In similar not-intervened schools there was an increase of overweight and obesity compared with Colación BKN schools. For food consumption, there was a decrease in consumption of candy and soft drinks in preschool students and all children consumed more than three portions of fruits and vegetables per day, which is greater than the national average of two portions per day in the general population. Conclusions: There was a successful increase in fruit and vegetable consumption with nutrition education and promotion of healthy habits, such as physical activity and healthy food consumption.

Sobrecarga, equivocación, falta de capacitación: factores contribuyentes en errores de medicación en hospital público chileno / Overload, mistake, lack of training: contributing factors in medication errors in a Chilean public hospital

OBJETIVO: Analizar errores de medicación notificados en 2018 en un hospital público de alta complejidad chileno. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, descriptivo y correlacional. Se analizaron las variables sexo y edad del paciente, mes del incidente, tipo de error, servicio, etapa del proceso de medicación y factores contribuyentes. RESULTADOS: Los incidentes fueron más frecuentes en meses estivales, en pacientes mayores de 60 años y de sexo femenino. Los errores más notificados fueron dosis, medicamento y paciente incorrecto. En farmacia se registraron el mayor número de notificaciones. Los errores ocurrieron con mayor frecuencia en las etapas de administración y dispensación. Entre los factores contribuyentes destacan chequeo ineficiente, desgaste o sobrecarga laboral, exceso de confianza, falta de capacitación y confusión del paciente. CONCLUSIÓN: Los periodos vacacionales concentran el mayor número de errores de medicación, asociados a la sobrecarga laboral y falta de capacitación de los profesionales de reemplazo, cuya formación debe ser reforzada

OBJECTIVE: To analyze medication errors reported in 2018 in a highly complex Chilean public hospital. METHODOLOGY: Quantitative, retrospective, descriptive and correlational study. The variables sex and age of the patient, month of the incident, type of error, service, stage of the medication process and contributing factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidents were more frequent in summer months, in female patients over 60 years of age. The most commonly reported errors were incorrect dose, medication and patient. The highest number of notifications were registered in the pharmacy. Errors occurred more frequently in the administration and dispensing stages. Among the contributing factors are inefficient check-up, attrition or work overload, overconfidence, lack of training, and patient confusion. CONCLUSION: Vacation periods concentrate the highest number of medication errors, associated with work overload and lack of training for replacement professionals, whose training must be reinforced

Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners by pre-schoolers of the food and environment Chilean cohort (FECHIC) before the implementation of the Chilean food labelling and advertising law.

BACKGROUND: Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) is becoming increasingly more frequent, particularly in the context of obesity prevention policies. The aim of this study was to describe the consumption of NNS in an ongoing cohort of pre-schoolers (4-6-year-old) before the implementation of the Chilean Food Labelling and Advertising Law, identify sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics associated with their consumption, and describe the main dietary sources of each NNS sub-type. METHODS: In 959 low-medium income pre-schoolers from the Food and Environment Chilean Cohort (FECHIC), dietary data from a single 24-h recall was linked to NNS content information obtained from packaged foods (n = 12,233). The prevalence of NNS consumption was estimated by food source and characterized by child and maternal sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. Intakes and main dietary sources were described for the six most prevalent NNS in Chile: Sodium Cyclamate, Saccharin, Aspartame, Acesulfame Potassium, Sucralose, and Steviol glycosides. RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of the pre-schoolers consumed at least one source of NNS on the day of the dietary recall; most of them consumed NNS from foods and beverages (n = 532), while only 12% (n = 119) also consumed table-top sweeteners. The prevalence of NNS consumption was significantly higher among children whose mothers had a high educational level compared to children whose mothers did not complete high school (p < 0.05); however, it did not differ by any other variable studied. The highest intakes of NNS were observed for Aspartame [2.5 (1.4-3.7) mg/kg per consumer], followed by Sodium Cyclamate [1.6 (1.3-2.6) mg/kg per consumer] and Steviol glycosides [1.2 (0.2-2.1) mg/kg per consumer]. Beverages were the only food group that contributed to the intake of the six NNS studied, accounting for 22% of the overall intake of Saccharine and up to 99% of Aspartame intake. CONCLUSIONS: Before the implementation of the Food Labelling and Advertising Law, NNS consumption was highly prevalent among a cohort of low-middle income Chilean pre-schoolers. Continuous monitoring of NNS consumption is essential given potential food reformulation associated with the implementation of this set of obesity-prevention policies.

Efecto de un programa para profesores sobre cambio de hábitos alimentarios y habilidades culinarias en escuelas públicas de Chile / Impact of a teachers' program on food habits and culinary skills in Chilean public schools

Objetivo: evaluar un programa de alimentación saludable para docentes y su transferencia educativa a través de un plan de acción a alumnos de 3º a 5º básico para mejorar sus hábitos alimentarios y habilidades culinarias. Metodología: estudio cuasi-experimental prospectivo de cuatro meses de duración, con mediciones cualitativas a profesores (n = 43) y cuantitativas pre- y postintervención en alumnos (n = 302) de tres colegios municipales, comparados con un grupo control de otros tres colegios (n = 265) en la comuna de La Reina, Santiago de Chile. Los profesores recibieron una capacitación on-line y al final del curso elaboraron un plan de acción que aplicaron en los colegios intervenidos. Resultados: en hábitos y consumo alimentarios, la mitad de los niños refirió que cenaba en la noche y un alto porcentaje desayunaba y almorzaba dos veces. Los que almorzaban dos veces disminuyeron a la mitad al final de la intervención. En el grupo intervenido aumentó significativamente la fruta como colación y en ambos grupos, la ingesta de agua. En habilidades culinarias, el grupo intervenido mejoró la preparación de sándwich. En ambos grupos disminuyó significativamente la obesidad. En los profesores mejoraron el consumo de agua y el hábito de comer tres veces al día y disminuyó la ingesta de comida rápida. Conclusión: la capacitación en alimentación saludable para profesores mejora sus hábitos alimentarios, los cuales se transfieren a sus alumnos. Para ello se debe contar con el apoyo de la dirección de la escuela y con equipos docentes interesados en organizar actividades de promoción de alimentación saludable

Objective: to evaluate a healthy food program for teachers and their educational transfer through an action plan for 3rd to 5th primary students, to improve their food habits and culinary skills. Methodology: a four months quasi-experimental prospective study was carried out, with qualitative measurements to teachers (n = 43) and pre- and post-intervention quantitative measurements for students (n = 302) in three public schools compared with a control group in other three schools (n = 265) in La Reina county, Santiago, Chile. The teachers received on-line training and at the end of the program they designed an action plan to be implemented at the three intervened schools. Results: half of the students reported that they had dinner at night. A high percentage had breakfast and lunch twice a day. At the end of the study, the number of students who had lunch twice a day was reduced to a half. Also, the group significantly increased the water and fruits consumption, instead of snacks. In culinary skills, they learned how to prepare healthy sandwiches. As a result, the level of obesity in both groups decreased significantly. The teachers increased water consumption, limited the number of meals to three per day, and decreased the fast food eating. Conclusion: the healthy food training improved the food habits of teachers and students. The support of the headmaster and the staff of the school is required to organize activities to promote healthy food

[Impact of a teachers' program on food habits and culinary skills in Chilean public schools]. / Efecto de un programa para profesores sobre cambio de hábitos alimentarios y habilidades culinarias en escuelas públicas de Chile.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: to evaluate a healthy food program for teachers and their educational transfer through an action plan for 3rd to 5th primary students, to improve their food habits and culinary skills. Methodology: a four months quasi-experimental prospective study was carried out, with qualitative measurements to teachers (n = 43) and pre- and post-intervention quantitative measurements for students (n = 302) in three public schools compared with a control group in other three schools (n = 265) in La Reina county, Santiago, Chile. The teachers received on-line training and at the end of the program they designed an action plan to be implemented at the three intervened schools. Results: half of the students reported that they had dinner at night. A high percentage had breakfast and lunch twice a day. At the end of the study, the number of students who had lunch twice a day was reduced to a half. Also, the group significantly increased the water and fruits consumption, instead of snacks. In culinary skills, they learned how to prepare healthy sandwiches. As a result, the level of obesity in both groups decreased significantly. The teachers increased water consumption, limited the number of meals to three per day, and decreased the fast food eating. Conclusion: the healthy food training improved the food habits of teachers and students. The support of the headmaster and the staff of the school is required to organize activities to promote healthy food.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: evaluar un programa de alimentación saludable para docentes y su transferencia educativa a través de un plan de acción a alumnos de 3º a 5º básico para mejorar sus hábitos alimentarios y habilidades culinarias. Metodología: estudio cuasi-experimental prospectivo de cuatro meses de duración, con mediciones cualitativas a profesores (n = 43) y cuantitativas pre- y postintervención en alumnos (n = 302) de tres colegios municipales, comparados con un grupo control de otros tres colegios (n = 265) en la comuna de La Reina, Santiago de Chile. Los profesores recibieron una capacitación on-line y al final del curso elaboraron un plan de acción que aplicaron en los colegios intervenidos. Resultados: en hábitos y consumo alimentarios, la mitad de los niños refirió que cenaba en la noche y un alto porcentaje desayunaba y almorzaba dos veces. Los que almorzaban dos veces disminuyeron a la mitad al final de la intervención. En el grupo intervenido aumentó significativamente la fruta como colación y en ambos grupos, la ingesta de agua. En habilidades culinarias, el grupo intervenido mejoró la preparación de sándwich. En ambos grupos disminuyó significativamente la obesidad. En los profesores mejoraron el consumo de agua y el hábito de comer tres veces al día y disminuyó la ingesta de comida rápida. Conclusión: la capacitación en alimentación saludable para profesores mejora sus hábitos alimentarios, los cuales se transfieren a sus alumnos. Para ello se debe contar con el apoyo de la dirección de la escuela y con equipos docentes interesados en organizar actividades de promoción de alimentación saludable.

Teachers' self-perception of their dietary behavior and needs to teach healthy eating habits in the school.

Through focus groups, we explored 22 third- to fifth-grade teachers' perceptions about their eating habits, including barriers and facilitators to healthy eating. It also explored teachers' thoughts about how to teach students healthy eating habits. The information was transcribed and treated using the content analysis technique. Results were evaluated using the concept of majority and minority group and presented in a sequential way: teachers' perceptions about eating habits, barriers to healthy eating, teacher's culinary habits, abilities to teach students healthy eating habits through Information and Communication Technologies, and cooking activities. Teachers' eating habits were poor, with lack of time, money, and will to improve. They had culinary habits skills and the desire to instruct and guide their students in eating healthier food. They need a program with Information and Communication Technologies and cooking workshops to apply in the classroom.

Monitoring modifiable risk factors for breast cancer: an obligation for health professionals.

SYNOPSIS Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common disease in women and constitutes the second leading cause of cancer death in this population. The factors that contribute to the risk of occurrence are divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. Although there are interventions in primary care to prevent the disease, these measures have not produced the desired changes in women's health. This article reviews the major modifiable risk factors for breast cancer and describes how these factors can affect the incidence of cancer in women. This information shows that modifiable risk factors (such as physical activity, diet, obesity, and use of alcohol and tobacco) can influence the occurrence of breast cancer, in part depending on the life stage of a woman, including menopausal status. Timely prevention at the primary care level is one of the most important areas on which health professionals need to focus in order to help reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

Monitoring modifiable risk factors for breast cancer: an obligation for health professionals / Monitoreo de fatores de riesgo modificables para cancer de mama: una obligación para profesionales de salud / Monitoramento de fatores de risco modificáveis para câncer de mama: uma obrigação dos profissionais de saúde

Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common disease in women and constitutes the second leading cause of cancer death in this population. The factors that contribute to the risk of occurrence are divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. Although there are interventions in primary care to prevent the disease, these measures have not produced the desired changes in women’s health. This article reviews the major modifiable risk factors for breast cancer and describes how these factors can affect the incidence of cancer in women. This information shows that modifiable risk factors (such as physical activity, diet, obesity, and use of alcohol and tobacco) can influence the occurrence of breast cancer, in part depending on the life stage of a woman, including menopausal status. Timely prevention at the primary care level is one of the most important areas on which health professionals need to focus in order to help reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

En todo el mundo, el cáncer de mama es la enfermedad que afecta con más frecuencia a las mujeres y la constituye la segunda causa principal de muerte por cáncer en esta población. Entre los factores responsables del riesgo de cáncer se distinguen los no modificables y los modificables. Aunque hay intervenciones de atención primaria destinadas a prevenir la enfermedad, estas medidas no han logrado los cambios deseados en la salud de la mujer. En este artículo se examinan los principales factores de riesgo de cáncer de mama que son modificables y se describe el modo en que estos factores influyen en la incidencia del cáncer femenino. La información contenida en este artículo demuestra que los factores de riesgo modificables (como la actividad física, la alimentación, la obesidad y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco) determinan la aparición del cáncer de mama y están parcialmente ligados a la fase de la vida en la que se encuentra la mujer, como el estado menopáusico. La prevención oportuna como parte de la atención primaria es una de las áreas más importantes en las que tienen que centrarse los profesionales de la salud para ayudar a reducir la incidencia del cáncer de mama.

O câncer de mama é a doença mais comum em mulheres em todo o mundo e constitui a segunda principal causa de morte por câncer nesta população. Os fatores que contribuem para o risco da ocorrência de câncer são divididos em modificáveis e não modificáveis. Embora existam intervenções na atenção primária para prevenir a doença, essas medidas não têm surtido as mudanças pretendidas na saúde da mulher. Este artigo examina os principais fatores de risco modificáveis para o câncer de mama e descreve como esses fatores podem ter efeito na incidência do câncer em mulheres. Os dados indicam que os fatores de risco modificáveis (como atividade física, alimentação, obesidade e uso de álcool e tabaco) podem influenciar a ocorrência do câncer de mama, dependendo em parte do estágio de vida da mulher, inclusive na fase da menopausa. A prevenção oportuna ao nível primário de atenção é uma das áreas mais importantes em que os profissionais da saúde devem se concentrar para reduzir a incidência do câncer de mama.

Diagnóstico de la situación alimentaria y nutricional de niños de tercero a quinto año básico de la comuna de la Reina, Santiago de Chile / Food and nutrition diagnosis of third to fifth grade school-age children from the La Reina neighborhood, Santiago de Chile

RESUMEN Se describe el estado nutricional, consumo, hábitos alimentarios y habilidades culinarias en alumnos de tercero a quinto año básico de colegios municipales de la comuna de La Reina, Santiago, Chile, para proponer intervenciones que conduzcan hacia una alimentación saludable. El estudio es descriptivo, de corte transversal en 617 niños, 349 hombres y 268 mujeres de tercero (n=193), cuarto (n=202) y quinto básico (n=222). El 30,3% de los niños tenía obesidad, mayor que el 24,2% reportado por la Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (JUNAEB) en primero básico el 2015. Al 66,2% de los niños les gusta cocinar, pero sólo un 20,0% mezcla y aliña verduras, hace sándwich y pela o pica fruta 4 a 5 días en la semana. Todos los niños (100%) toman once, pero sólo un 60,9% cena en la noche. Un 20,7% toma doble desayuno y un 35,7% come doble almuerzo. Casi todos (97%) llevaban dinero o colación de la casa. El 78,4% llevaba golosinas dulces, 60,0% fruta, 50,0% lácteos y 48,4% bebidas o jugos azucarados y un 45,0% lleva $500 a $1.000 por día al colegio. Existe la necesidad de educar en hábitos de alimentación saludable a los alumnos, incorporando padres con apoyo del Ministerio de Educación, para tener una política de Estado en prevención de la obesidad infantil.

ABSTRACT This article describes the nutritional status, food consumption, dietary behavior and culinary skills of third to fifth grade public school students from the La Reina neighborhood, Santiago de Chile, in order to propose healthy eating interventions. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study in 617 children (349 males and 268 females) from third (n= 193), fourth (n= 202) and fifth grade (n= 222). Obesity prevalence was 30.3%, greater than the 24.2% reported by National Board of Scholarships and Grants in first grade in 2015. Most of the children reported liking cooking (66.2%), but just 20.0% cooked mixed or seasoned vegetables, made sandwiches, or peeled or cut 4 or 5 days per week. All children (100%) ate a late snack in the afternoon, but only 60.9% ate dinner at night. A second breakfast was eaten by 20.7% of the children and a second lunch by 35.7%. Almost all children (97%) brought money or a snack from home: 78.4% brought candies, 60.0% fruit, 50.0% dairy products and 48.4% soft drinks or juices with sugar, and 45.0% money (500 to 1000 Chilean pesos). It is necessary to educate children in healthy eating habits, with participation of parents and support from the Ministry of Education to prevent children obesity.