ABSTRACT
La fragilidad determina una incapacidad para enfrentar estresores debido a la disminución de las reservas fisiológicas multisistémicas. El acto anestésico quirúrgico constituye un evento estresante y la presencia de fragilidad es un factor de riesgo independiente de morbimortalidad perioperatoria. Identificarla permitiría abordar los factores reversibles que la determinan con la intención de disminuir los riesgos inherentes a dicho acto. Su detección en la valoración perioperatoria aporta información relevante que no se obtiene con una evaluación tradicional. Este enfoque se ha convertido en un estándar en la valoración perioperatoria de personas mayores. El objetivo del estudio es valorar la prevalencia de fragilidad en la cirugía electiva de personas mayores en el Hospital de Clínicas. Es un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo. Fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética institucional. Se reclutaron 206 pacientes de 65 años y más, coordinados para cirugía electiva, entre marzo del 2019 y marzo del 2020. Se aplicó la Escala de Fragilidad de Edmonton Reportada (REFS) para la detección de la fragilidad. La prevalencia de fragilidad fue del 22,8% con un IC 16-29,6, por lo que decimos que es alta en esta población y similar al de otros contextos quirúrgicos y no quirúrgicos. Se encontraron un número significativamente mayor de hipertensión arterial, arritmias, diabetes, hipotiroidismo y tabaquismo entre los pacientes frágiles. Su prevalencia e impacto en la morbimortalidad operatoria constituyen razones de peso para su inclusión en la valoración perioperatoria en nuestro sistema de salud así como la capacitación de los anestesiólogos en la detección de la fragilidad a través del uso de herramientas prácticas, válidas y confiables.
Frailty determines an inability to cope with stressors due to decreased multisystem physiologic reserves. The surgical anesthetic act is a stressful event and the presence of frailty is an independent risk factor for perioperative morbidity and mortality Detection of frailty would allow for addressing reversible factors causing it, with the intention of reducing the risks that are inherent to anesthetic acts. Detection in the perioperative assessment provides relevant information that is not obtained in a traditional evaluation. This approach has become the standard in perioperative assessment of geriatric surgical patients. The study aims to assess the prevalence of frailty in elective surgery for the elderly at Clínicas Hospital. Method: prospective, descriptive study approved by the institutional Ethics Committee. 206 patients aged 65 years old and over who had been coordinated for elective surgery were recruited for the study between March, 2019 and March, 2020. The Reported Edmonton Frailty Scale (REFS) was applied to detect frailty. Prevalence of frailty was 22.8% with a CI of 16-29 in this population, rather high and similar to the frail patients percentages in other surgical and non-surgical settings. Significantly higher numbers of arterial hypertension, arrhythmias, diabetes and hypothyroidism cases and tobacco users were found among frail patients. Prevalence and impact of frailty on operative morbidity and mortality are compelling reasons for its inclusion in the perioperative assessment of our health system, as well as the training of anesthesiologists in the detection of frailty through the use of practical, valid and reliable tools.
A fragilidade determina uma incapacidade de lidar com estressores devido à diminuição das reservas fisiológicas multissistêmicas. O ato anestésico cirúrgico é um evento estressante e a presença de fragilidade é um fator de risco independente para morbimortalidade perioperatória. Identificá-lo permitiria abordar os fatores reversíveis que o determinam com o intuito de reduzir os riscos inerentes ao referido ato. Sua detecção na avaliação perioperatória fornece informações relevantes que não são obtidas com uma avaliação tradicional. Essa abordagem tornou-se padrão na avaliação perioperatória de idosos. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a prevalência de fragilidade em cirurgias eletivas para idosos no Hospital de Clínicas. Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo e descritivo, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética institucional. 206 pacientes com 65 anos ou mais, coordenados para cirurgia eletiva, foram recrutados entre março de 2019 e março de 2020. A Reported Edmonton Frailty Scale (REFS) foi aplicada para detectar fragilidade. A prevalência de fragilidade foi de 22,8% com um IC de 16-29,6, pelo que podemos dizer que é elevada nesta população e semelhante à de outros contextos cirúrgicos e não cirúrgicos. Números significativamente maiores de hipertensão arterial, arritmias, diabetes, hipotireoidismo e tabagismo foram encontrados entre os pacientes frágeis. A prevalência e impacto da fragilidade na morbimortalidade operatória são razões convincentes para sua inclusão na avaliação perioperatória em nosso sistema de saúde, bem como para o treinamento de anestesistas na detecção de fragilidade por meio do uso de ferramentas práticas, válidas e confiáveis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Prevalence , Frailty , Risk Assessment , Perioperative CareABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in Argentina, considering temporal trends in life expectancy at birth and premature mortality rate during 2010-2020. METHODS: Based on demographic projections, this ecological time-series study compares a "normal" versus a "COVID-19" mortality scenario for 2020 over a set of 11 Argentine provinces. Annual life expectancy at birth and age-standardized rates of premature mortality were estimated from 2010 to 2020. Joinpoint regression and multilevel models were used. RESULTS: A potential reduction in life expectancy at birth (a gap between scenarios >1 year) was observed. A significant (negative) point of inflection in temporal trends was identified for the country and most of the provinces, under the COVID-19 mortality scenario. However, our findings reveal disparities between provinces in the estimated life expectancy reduction toward 2020 (values range from -0.63 to -1.85 year in females and up to -2.55 years in males). While men showed more accentuated declines in life expectancy at birth in 2020 (a national gap between scenarios of -1.47 year in men vs. -1.35 year in women), women experienced more unfavorable temporal trends of premature mortality. In the absence of COVID-19, an improvement in both indicators was estimated toward 2020 in both sexes, while a return to levels reported in the past was observed under the COVID-19 scenario. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic might seriously affect the trends of mortality and exacerbate health disadvantages in Argentina. A temporal and contextual perspective of health inequities merits special attention in the COVID-19 research.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Argentina/epidemiology , Brazil , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Life Expectancy , Male , PandemicsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Objective: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in Argentina, considering temporal trends in life expectancy at birth and premature mortality rate during 2010-2020. Methods: Based on demographic projections, this ecological time-series study compares a "normal" versus a "COVID-19" mortality scenario for 2020 over a set of 11 Argentine provinces. Annual life expectancy at birth and age-standardized rates of premature mortality were estimated from 2010 to 2020. Joinpoint regression and multilevel models were used. Results: A potential reduction in life expectancy at birth (a gap between scenarios >1 year) was observed. A significant (negative) point of inflection in temporal trends was identified for the country and most of the provinces, under the COVID-19 mortality scenario. However, our findings reveal disparities between provinces in the estimated life expectancy reduction toward 2020 (values range from -0.63 to -1.85 year in females and up to -2.55 years in males). While men showed more accentuated declines in life expectancy at birth in 2020 (a national gap between scenarios of -1.47 year in men vs. -1.35 year in women), women experienced more unfavorable temporal trends of premature mortality. In the absence of COVID-19, an improvement in both indicators was estimated toward 2020 in both sexes, while a return to levels reported in the past was observed under the COVID-19 scenario. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic might seriously affect the trends of mortality and exacerbate health disadvantages in Argentina. A temporal and contextual perspective of health inequities merits special attention in the COVID-19 research.
RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 sobre a mortalidade na Argentina, considerando as tendências temporais da expectativa de vida ao nascer e a taxa de mortalidade prematura 2010-2020. Métodos: Com base em projeções demográficas, este estudo ecológico de séries temporais compara um cenário de mortalidade "normal" versus "COVID-19" para 2020 em 11 províncias argentinas. Foram calculadas a expectativa de vida ao nascer anual e taxas de mortalidade prematura padronizadas por idade (2010-2020). Utilizaram-se modelos de regressão joinpoint e multiníveis. Resultados: Observou-se redução da expectativa de vida ao nascer (lacuna entre cenários >1 ano). Foi identificado um ponto de inflexão significativo (negativo) nas tendências temporais para o país e a maioria das províncias no cenário COVID-19. Nossos resultados revelam disparidades entre as províncias na redução da expectativa de vida 2020 (valores de -0,63 a -1,85 ano nas mulheres e até -2,55 nos homens). Enquanto os homens mostraram declínios mais acentuados na expectativa de vida ao nascer em 2020 (lacuna nacional entre os cenários de -1,47 vs. -1,35 ano nas mulheres), as mulheres experimentaram tendências temporais mais desfavoráveis de mortalidade prematura. Na ausência do COVID-19, estimou-se melhoria de ambos os indicadores até 2020 em ambos os sexos, enquanto se observou retorno aos níveis reportados no passado no cenário COVID-19. Conclusão: A pandemia de COVID-19 pode afetar seriamente as tendências de mortalidade e agravar as desvantagens para a saúde na Argentina. Uma perspectiva temporal e contextual das iniquidades em saúde merece atenção especial na pesquisa em COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is considered a versatile and multifunctional technique with the ability to detect molecules of different species at very low molar concentration. In this work, hierarchical ZnO microspheres (ZnO MSs) and Ag/ZnO MSs were fabricated and decorated by hydrothermal and photodeposition methods, respectively. For Ag deposition, precursor molar concentration (1.9 and 9.8 mM) and UV irradiation time (5, 15, and 30 min) were evaluated by SEM, TEM, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction showed a peak at 37.9° corresponding to the (111) plane of Ag, whose intensity increases as precursor concentration and UV irradiation time increases. SEM images confirmed the formation of ZnO MSs (from 2.5 to 4.5 µm) building by radially aligned two-dimensional ZnO nanosheets with thicknesses below 30 nm. The Raman spectra of Ag/ZnO MSs exhibited a vibration mode at 486 cm-1 which can be directly associated to Ag deposition on ZnO MSs surface. The performance of SERS substrate was evaluated using rhodamine 6G. The SERS substrate grown at 9.8 mM during 30 min showed the best SERS activity and the ability to detect methylene blue at 10-9 M.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: More than half of the worlds's population is deprived of essential healthcare services. In consideration of this, the World Health Organization introduced the concept of Social Determinants of Health to improve the awareness of this problem. AIM: To investigate and compare the pertinence of monetary and multidimensional measures of poverty as indirect measures of health status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three indices were used: the Historic Multidimensional Poverty Index (HMPI), calculated using Alkire-Foster method; health deprivations associated with the HMPI; and households in conditions of monetary poverty. The poverty identification outcomes for the three indices mentioned were all estimated using data from the Chilean national socioeconomic survey CASEN for the period 1992-2017. RESULTS: First, independently of how poverty is measured (monetarily or multidimensionally), the degree to which households living in poverty conditions are simultaneously suffering health deprivations steadily decreased during the period 1992-2017. Second, the association between multidimensional poverty and health deprivations is stronger than the association between health deprivations and monetary poverty. CONCLUSIONS: Poverty calculated on the basis of income alone is an inadequate predictor of health deprivations; multidimensional poverty performs better. However, poverty and health indicators have become progressively less associated. Therefore, it becomes necessary either to adapt the health indicators included in Multidimensional Poverty Index to the current health challenges or to implement a Multidimensional Health Deprivation Index, with a view to improving the integration of health within the current social policy framework.
Subject(s)
Family Characteristics , Poverty , Chile , Delivery of Health Care , Humans , Income , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Background: More than half of the worlds's population is deprived of essential healthcare services. In consideration of this, the World Health Organization introduced the concept of Social Determinants of Health to improve the awareness of this problem. Aim: To investigate and compare the pertinence of monetary and multidimensional measures of poverty as indirect measures of health status. Material and Methods: Three indices were used: the Historic Multidimensional Poverty Index (HMPI), calculated using Alkire-Foster method; health deprivations associated with the HMPI; and households in conditions of monetary poverty. The poverty identification outcomes for the three indices mentioned were all estimated using data from the Chilean national socioeconomic survey CASEN for the period 1992-2017. Results: First, independently of how poverty is measured (monetarily or multidimensionally), the degree to which households living in poverty conditions are simultaneously suffering health deprivations steadily decreased during the period 1992-2017. Second, the association between multidimensional poverty and health deprivations is stronger than the association between health deprivations and monetary poverty. Conclusions: Poverty calculated on the basis of income alone is an inadequate predictor of health deprivations; multidimensional poverty performs better. However, poverty and health indicators have become progressively less associated. Therefore, it becomes necessary either to adapt the health indicators included in Multidimensional Poverty Index to the current health challenges or to implement a Multidimensional Health Deprivation Index, with a view to improving the integration of health within the current social policy framework.
Subject(s)
Humans , Poverty , Family Characteristics , Socioeconomic Factors , Chile , Delivery of Health Care , IncomeABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Determinar el impacto que tuvieron las muertes por atropellos de peatones y colisiones entre vehículos sobre la esperanza de vida en Argentina durante el periodo 1998-2017. Material y métodos: Se obtuvieron las bases de datos sobre las causas de muerte, sexo, edad y jurisdicción de residencia de los fallecidos de la Dirección de Estadísticas e Investigación en Salud de Argentina. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad y el indicador de los años de esperanza de vida perdidos (AEVP) para determinar el impacto de la mortalidad vial. Resultados: Argentina redujo en un 13 % los fallecimientos por atropellos de peatones y choques entre vehículos durante los últimos 20 años. La tasa de mortalidad vial pasó de 12.0 a 10.6 defunciones cada 100 000 habitantes entre los trienios 1998-2000 y 2015-2017 respectivamente. Los decesos en el tránsito tuvieron mayor impacto entre los hombres de edades de 15 a 49 años. Al mismo tiempo, hubo un fuerte contraste del nivel de mortalidad vial registrado en cada una de las jurisdicciones del interior del país, donde las tasas de mortalidad oscilaron entre 1.2 y 24.1 decesos cada 100 000 habitantes. Conclusiones: Si bien hubo una disminución del nivel de mortalidad vial, las políticas públicas implementadas en Argentina no han logrado el objetivo de reducir a la mitad la cantidad de defunciones. Este flagelo sigue generando la destrucción y desarticulación de las familias del país. Es necesario la implementación de nuevos programas que apunten a reducir las conductas violatorias de las normas de tránsito.
Abstract Objective: To determine the impact that the deaths caused by pedestrian abuses and vehicle collisions had on life expectancy in Argentina during the period 1998-2017. Material and methods: The databases on the causes of death, sex, age and jurisdiction of residence of the deceased of the Directorate of Health Statistics and Research of Argentina were obtained. Mortality rates and the indicator of years of life expectancy lost (YLEL) were calculated to determine the impact of road mortality. Results: Argentina reduced by 13% the number of deaths due to pedestrian accidents and collisions between vehicles during the last 20 years. The road mortality rate went from 12.0 to 10.6 deaths per 100.000 inhabitants between the triennia 1998-2000 and 2015-2017, respectively. Deaths in transit had a greater impact among men aged 15 to 49 years. At the same time, there was a strong contrast in the level of road mortality recorded in each of the jurisdictions in the interior of the country, where mortality rates ranged from 1.2 to 24.1 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. Conclusions: Although there was a decrease in the level of road mortality, public policies implemented in Argentina have not achieved the objective of halving the number of deaths. This scourge continues to cause destruction and disarticulation of families residing in the country. It is necessary to implement new programs that aim to reduce the behaviors that violate traffic regulations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , ArgentinaABSTRACT
RESUMEN Los materiales a base de silicato de calcio han demostrado ser bioactivos debido a su capacidad para producir apatita carbonatada biológicamente compatible. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la bioactividad de Biodentine™ y MTA Repair HP® en contacto con discos de dentina humana, que se obturaron y dividieron aleatoriamente para formar cuatro grupos: grupo 1 Biodentine™, grupo 2 MTA Repair HP®, grupo control positivo MTA Angelus® y grupo control negativo IRM®, los cuales se incubaron en solución PBS durante 10 días, para posterior análisis por medio de MEB-EDS y Espectroscopía Raman. Los tres materiales a base de silicato de calcio analizados en este estudio demostraron ser bioactivos pues al entrar en contacto con una solución a base de fosfato desencadenaron la precipitación inicial de fosfato de calcio amorfo, que actúa como precursor durante la formación de apatita carbonatada.
ABSTRACT Calcium silicate-based materials have been shown to be bioactive due to their ability to produce biologically compatible carbonated apatite. The objective of this study was to analyze the bioactivity of Biodentine ™ and MTA Repair HP® in contact with human dentine discs, which were sealed and divided randomly to form four groups: group 1 Biodentine™, group 2 MTA Repair HP®, positive control group MTA Angelus® and negative control group IRM®, which were incubated in PBS solution for 10 days, for a subsequent analysis by means of MEB-EDS and Raman spectroscopy. The three calcium-based materials analyzed in this study proved to be bioactive because upon contact with a phosphate-based solution they were triggered at the onset of amorphous calcium phosphate, as the precursor during the formation of carbonated apatite.
Subject(s)
Apatites/analysis , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Calcarea Silicata/analysis , Dental Materials/analysis , Drug SynergismABSTRACT
Introducción: los estudios de agregación plaquetaria permiten identificar pacientes con trastornos de función y el monitoreo de terapias antiplaquetarias, estableciéndose patrones clásicos. Debido a que no está establecido un acuerdo acerca del establecimiento de los rangos de referencia, existen numerosos esfuerzos actualmente para mejorar la estandarización de esta prueba. Objetivos: establecer los valores de referencia para los estudios de agregación plaquetaria con diferentes agonistas en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras comparándolos con los preestablecidos en la literatura. Identificar la influencia de las variables: sexo, hábito de fumar y consumo de alcohol. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, de agregación plaquetaria utilizando diferentes agonistas, en el laboratorio clínico del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras entre septiembre de 2009 y septiembre de 2015. La población de estudio estuvo integrada por 192 donantes del banco de sangre, utilizados como control. Los rangos de referencia de la agregación plaquetaria con los diferentes agonistas se obtuvieron utilizando los percentiles 2.5 (P2.5) y 97.5 (P97.5) y para comparar la media poblacional de este estudio con la media muestral prestablecida en la literatura se empleó la prueba de t para una muestra. Resultados: la media del porcentaje de agregación que se obtuvo en nuestro estudio con cada agonista fue: ADP: 62,4 por ciento, epinefrina: 66,4 por ciento, colágeno: 69,9 por ciento y ristocetina: 69,7 por ciento.Los intervalos de referencia en la investigación con cada agonista fueron los siguientes: ADP: 44,1-86,7 por ciento, epinefrina: 50,8-80,0 por ciento, colágeno: 60,0-85,5 por ciento y ristocetina: 52,9-91,7 por ciento. Conclusiones: Las variables sexo, hábito de fumar y consumo de alcohol no influyeron en los resultados del estudio de agregación plaquetaria. Los resultados de la población para el estudio de agregación plaquetaria presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al compararlos con los valores de agregación preestablecidos en la literatura(AU)
Introduction: Platelet aggregation studies allow the identification of patients with functional disorders and the monitoring of antiplatelet therapies, establishing classic patterns. Because there is no agreement on the establishment of reference ranges, numerous efforts are currently being made to improve the standardization of this test. Objectives: To establish reference values for platelet aggregation studies with different agonists by comparing them with those preset in the literature, at Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital. To identify the influence of the variables sex, smoking habits and alcohol consumption. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of platelet aggregation using different agonists was performed in the clinical laboratory of Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, between September 2009 and September 2015. The study population consisted of 192 donors from the blood bank, used as control group. The reference ranges of platelet aggregation with the different agonists were obtained using the 2.5 (P2.5) and 97.5 (P97.5) percentiles. In order to compare this study's population mean with the sample mean preset in the literature, we used the T-test for one sample. Results: The mean of aggregation percentage obtained in our study with each agonist was ADP (62.4 percent), epinephrine (66.4 percent), collagen (69.9 percent), and ristocetin (69.7 percent). The reference ranges in the research with each agonist were the following: ADP (44.1-86.7 percent), epinephrine (50.8-80.0 percent), collagen (60.0-85.5 percent), and ristocetin (52.9-91.7 percent). Conclusions: The variables gender, smoking and alcohol consumption did not influence the results of the platelet aggregation study. The results of the population for the platelet aggregation study presented statistically significant differences when compared with the values of aggregation preset in the literature(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Platelet Aggregation , Platelet Aggregation/immunology , Reference Values , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational StudyABSTRACT
Introducción: los estudios de agregación plaquetaria permiten identificar pacientes con trastornos de función y el monitoreo de terapias antiplaquetarias, estableciéndose patrones clásicos. Debido a que no está establecido un acuerdo acerca del establecimiento de los rangos de referencia, existen numerosos esfuerzos actualmente para mejorar la estandarización de esta prueba. Objetivos: establecer los valores de referencia para los estudios de agregación plaquetaria con diferentes agonistas en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras comparándolos con los preestablecidos en la literatura. Identificar la influencia de las variables: sexo, hábito de fumar y consumo de alcohol. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, de agregación plaquetaria utilizando diferentes agonistas, en el laboratorio clínico del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras entre septiembre de 2009 y septiembre de 2015. La población de estudio estuvo integrada por 192 donantes del banco de sangre, utilizados como control. Los rangos de referencia de la agregación plaquetaria con los diferentes agonistas se obtuvieron utilizando los percentiles 2.5 (P2.5) y 97.5 (P97.5) y para comparar la media poblacional de este estudio con la media muestral prestablecida en la literatura se empleó la prueba de t para una muestra. Resultados: la media del porcentaje de agregación que se obtuvo en nuestro estudio con cada agonista fue: ADP: 62,4 por ciento, epinefrina: 66,4 por ciento, colágeno: 69,9 por ciento y ristocetina: 69,7 por ciento.Los intervalos de referencia en la investigación con cada agonista fueron los siguientes: ADP: 44,1-86,7 por ciento, epinefrina: 50,8-80,0 por ciento, colágeno: 60,0-85,5 por ciento y ristocetina: 52,9-91,7 por ciento. Conclusiones: Las variables sexo, hábito de fumar y consumo de alcohol no influyeron en los resultados del estudio de agregación plaquetaria. Los resultados de la población para el estudio de agregación plaquetaria presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al compararlos con los valores de agregación preestablecidos en la literatura(AU)
Introduction: Platelet aggregation studies allow the identification of patients with functional disorders and the monitoring of antiplatelet therapies, establishing classic patterns. Because there is no agreement on the establishment of reference ranges, numerous efforts are currently being made to improve the standardization of this test. Objectives: To establish reference values for platelet aggregation studies with different agonists by comparing them with those preset in the literature, at Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital. To identify the influence of the variables sex, smoking habits and alcohol consumption. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of platelet aggregation using different agonists was performed in the clinical laboratory of Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, between September 2009 and September 2015. The study population consisted of 192 donors from the blood bank, used as control group. The reference ranges of platelet aggregation with the different agonists were obtained using the 2.5 (P2.5) and 97.5 (P97.5) percentiles. In order to compare this study's population mean with the sample mean preset in the literature, we used the T-test for one sample. Results: The mean of aggregation percentage obtained in our study with each agonist was ADP (62.4 percent), epinephrine (66.4 percent), collagen (69.9 percent), and ristocetin (69.7 percent). The reference ranges in the research with each agonist were the following: ADP (44.1-86.7 percent), epinephrine (50.8-80.0 percent), collagen (60.0-85.5 percent), and ristocetin (52.9-91.7 percent). Conclusions: The variables gender, smoking and alcohol consumption did not influence the results of the platelet aggregation study. The results of the population for the platelet aggregation study presented statistically significant differences when compared with the values of aggregation preset in the literature(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Platelet Aggregation , Platelet Aggregation/immunology , Reference Values , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational StudyABSTRACT
Cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells was evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 h of culture. The TiO2 thin films were deposited using direct current magnetron sputtering. These films were post-deposition annealed at different temperatures (300, 500 and 800 °C) toward the anatase to rutile phase transformation. The root-mean-square (RMS) surface roughness of TiO2 films went from 2.8 to 8.08 nm when the annealing temperature was increased from 300 to 800 °C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results showed that the TiO2 films' thickness values fell within the nanometer range (290-310 nm). Based on the results of the tetrazolium dye and trypan blue assays, we found that TiO2 thin films showed no cytotoxicity after the aforementioned culture times at which cell viability was greater than 98%. Independently of the annealing temperature of the TiO2 thin films, the number of CHO-K1 cells on the control substrate and on all TiO2 thin films was greater after 48 or 72 h than it was after 24 h; the highest cell survival rate was observed in TiO2 films annealed at 800 °C. These results indicate that TiO2 thin films do not affect mitochondrial function and proliferation of CHO-K1 cells, and back up the use of TiO2 thin films in biomedical science.
ABSTRACT
We present the study of the biocompatibility and surface properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering. These films are deposited on a quartz substrate at room temperature and annealed with different temperatures (100, 300, 500, 800 and 1100 °C). The biocompatibility of the TiO2 thin films is analyzed using primary cultures of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of Wistar rats, whose neurons are incubated on the TiO2 thin films and on a control substrate during 18 to 24 h. These neurons are activated by electrical stimuli and its ionic currents and action potential activity recorded. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD), the surface of TiO2 thin films showed a good quality, homogeneity and roughness. The XRD results showed the anatase to rutile phase transition in TiO2 thin films at temperatures between 500 and 1100 °C. This phase had a grain size from 15 to 38 nm, which allowed a suitable structural and crystal phase stability of the TiO2 thin films for low and high temperature. The biocompatibility experiments of these films indicated that they were appropriated for culture of living neurons which displayed normal electrical behavior.
ABSTRACT
4'-substituted neutral/protonated furfurylidenanilines and trans-styrylfurans are able to exist in two different conformations related to the rotation around the furan ring-bridge double bond. In this work, the equilibrium geometry and the corresponding rotational barrier of the benzene ring for each furan derivative conformation were calculated by DFT methods. The trend and shape of the rotational barrier are rationalized within natural bond orbitals as well as atoms-in-molecules approach. For the corresponding equilibrium geometries, (1)H and (13)C substituent induced shifts (SIS) were calculated and compared with experimental values. Calculated shielding constants are shown to be sensitive to the substituent effect through a linear fit with substituent's Hammett constants. An alternative approach was followed for assessing the effect of substituents over SIS through comparing the differences in isotropic shielding constants with NBO charges as well as with (1)H and (13)C experimental chemical shifts.
ABSTRACT
El trasplante renopancreático es el tratamiento de elección para el paciente diabético con insuficiencia renal crónica. En el Hospital Universitario, desde junio de 2002 a mayo de 2010 se han realizado 35 trasplantes renopancreáticos. Los receptores presentaban una larga evolución de su diabetes y del tratamiento dialítico, con alta incidencia de patología médica asociada. En todos los pacientes se realizó anestesia general y a la monitorización estándar se agregó: monitorización invasiva de la presión arterial y de la presión venosa central, así como monitorización paraclínica seriada. Se administró insulina en infusión continua para control de la glicemia. La duración promedio del procedimiento fue de 407,9 ± 76,4 min. La reposición intraoperatoria se realizó en base a cristaloides y coloides (4.665 ± 2.127 ml y 1.015 ± 492 ml respectivamente). En 21 pacientes (60%) se administraron glóbulos rojos (858 ± 502 ml). El balance promedio fue positivo: 1.430 ± 832 ml. Para mantener la estabilidad hemodinámica se utilizaron fármacos vasoactivos y aporte de volumen. Ocho pacientes (22,8%) presentaron hipotensión severa transitoria; 14 (40%) presentaron acidosis metabólica, ocho pacientes (22,8%) hipokaliemia leve y tres (8,5%) hipoglicemia. Veintitrés pacientes (65%) requirieron al menos una reintervención en la internación inicial. La mortalidad global fue de 11,4% (cuatro pacientes): 2,8% (un paciente) en las primeras 48 horas. Ocho pacientes (22,8%) presentaron insuficiencia renal desde el inicio del postoperatorio. Se perdieron 15 páncreas (42,8%); cinco de ellos (14,2%) en las primeras 48 horas. Actualmente sobreviven 31 pacientes (88%), 25 preservan la función renal (80,6%) y 20 la función pancreática (64,5%). Se reveló una alta incidencia de complicaciones anestésico-quirúrgicas precoces, las cuales tienen gran importancia sobre los resultados a corto y largo plazo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Young Adult , Intraoperative Care , Kidney Transplantation , Pancreas Transplantation , Diabetes Complications/surgery , Intraoperative Complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/surgery , Preoperative CareABSTRACT
Estudiamos algunas de las dificultades metodológicas que surgen a la hora de investigar la implicación de los padres en la educación formal de sus hijos. Se elaboró un modelo teórico propio y varios instrumentos para medir ese constructo (inspirado en el desarrollado por Martínez González (1995)). Varios cuestionarios dirigidos a los padres, madres, hijos y profesores forman el material destinado a medir estos. La muestra estuvo formada por 789 alumnos (415 mujeres y 374 varones, de 45 aulas de colegios públicos (35), privadas (6) y concertados (4) de Tenerife. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron primero a un análisis de fiabilidad con resultados bastante alentadores; posteriormente, a análisis factoriales y correlacionales. El trabajo pretende ser el inicio de una investigación más amplia para conocer mejor los factores que inciden en la conducta participativa de los padres en las tareas escolares de sus hijos (AU)
We study some of the methodological difficulties that emerge at the moment of investigating the implication of parents in the formal education of their children. Our own theoretical model, as well as several instruments designed to measure that construct have been developed inspired in Martínez González (1995). Several questionnaires addressed to parents, children and teachers were used. The sample was formed by 789 pupils (415 female and 374 male), from public and private schools. Factor analysis and other correlational analyses were carried out. Main results are discussed and analysed (AU)
