ABSTRACT
El artículo intenta aproximarse a la realidad sociosanitaria de más de 210 mil refugiados civiles que cruzaron la frontera pirenaica en el invierno de 1939. Este colectivo estuvo constituido principalmente por mujeres, niños y ancianos. A su llegada a Francia, la población civil fue reconducida hacía más de 1.500 centros de alojamiento. Nos encontramos ante espacios que se diferenciaron de los campos de concentración en lo que respecta a libertad y trato humano. Hemos podido acercarnos a esta realidad gracias a los informes emitidos por las delegadas de la Commission d'Aide aux Enfants Espagnols Refugies en France entre marzo y junio de 1939
The aim of this paper consist in approaching the socio-health reality of more than 210,000 civilian refugees who crossed the Pyrenean border during the winter of 1939. This group mainly comprised women, children, and the elderly. Upon arrival in France, these civilians were redirected to more than 1,500 housing centers, which differed from concentration camps in terms of freedom and human treatment. We have been able to know details about their experience thanks to reports by the delegates of the Commission d'Aide aux Enfants Espagnols Refugies en France between March and June 1939
Subject(s)
Humans , Refugees/history , Concentration Camps/history , World War II , Delivery of Health Care/history , Spain , FranceABSTRACT
El final de la Guerra Civil Española en Cataluña supuso un punto de inflexión en la vida de casi medio millón de refugiados españoles que traspasaron la frontera pirenaica en el invierno de 1939. En este gran afluente, existieron más de 13.000 heridos y enfermos que tuvieron que ser atendidos por toda la geografía francesa. Con esta investigación, se visibiliza cuáles fueron los itinerarios de los heridos, dónde fueron atendidos y qué características tuvo la asistencia sanitaria hasta que la mayoría de los pacientes fueron reconducidos a campos de concentración situados en el sur de Francia. Nos encontramos ante una realidad compleja que ha sido abordada con documentación localizada en una docena de archivos históricos franceses, testimonios directos y prensa general. Entre los resultados, cabe destacar la necesidad de improvisación de la III República Francesa en materia asistencial, ya que el 70% de los refugiados fueron asistidos en centros acondicionados para la ocasión. En los hospitales, quienes atendieron fueron en su mayoría profesionales sanitarios españoles. Realizaron su labor de una manera digna, a pesar de las restricciones de las autoridades francesas hacia lo que ellos consideraron "el problema español"
The end of the Spanish Civil War in Catalonia influenced the lives of almost half a million of Spanish refugees that crossed the Pyrenean border in the winter of 1939. In this large migration wave, more than 13,000 wounded and sick people had to be treated within French territory. With this research, we examine the routes of the wounded, the places where they were treated, and the features of their healthcare before they were transported to the concentration camps in southern France. This information has been analysed using documentation of 12 French historical archives, direct testimonials and general press. The results emphasize the Third French Republics ability to improvise in the healthcare field, where 70% of the refugees were treated in specially equipped healthcare centres. Those who treated refugees in hospitals were mostly Spanish healthcare professionals. They carried out their work in a dignified manner, despite restrictions from French authorities towards what they considered to be "the Spanish problem"
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Concentration Camps , Delivery of Health Care/history , Mass Casualty Management/history , Refugee Camps/history , Armed Conflicts/history , Strategic Evacuation/history , Hospital Units/historyABSTRACT
The healthcare practises performed of midwives, nurses and nurse practitioners in Spain from 1857 to 1936 is analysed. This work deals with micro-history from a feminist perspective, focusing on the identity of these female collectives in the province of Almeria. Both their androcentric discourse and social attitudes towards them are taken into account in an analysis of the way they carried out their duties in comparison with the behaviour of other carers in other regions of Spain. The different types of care provided by them to smooth the "social question" can be established by studying the extent to which matrons, nurses and nurse practitioners contributed to citizens' health and social welfare at that time.
