ABSTRACT
The study analyzes the training and job profiles of physical activity and sports professionals who work with people with disabilities in Spain. Using a descriptive, quantitative methodology, standardized questionnaire-based interviews were conducted with 214 people working in this sector. The results indicate that the professionals do not receive quality initial training and when offered various training activities, they prefer to attend courses. An analysis of the employment status shows that most professionals work in companies, many without a formal employment contract or as temporary staff. Adequate initial training and varied continuing education can fulfill the need for professionalization of physical activity and sport for people with disabilities in Spain. (AU)
El estudio analiza el perfil formativo y laboral de las personas que desempeñan funciones laborales de actividad física y deporte con personas con discapacidad en España. La metodología es cuantitativa de corte descriptivo, utilizando la entrevista estandarizada por medio de cuestionario para entrevistar personalmente a 214 personas que trabajaban en este sector. Los resultados muestran que este ámbito de desempeño profesional sigue estando ocupado por personas sin la titulación adecuada en su formación inicial y que, dentro de las actividades de formación permanente, asisten preferentemente a cursos. El análisis de la situación laboral muestra que la mayor parte de las personas trabajan en empresas y un porcentaje significativo de ellas no tiene contrato o es temporal. El estudio muestra la necesidad de profesionalizar la actividad física y el deporte con personas con discapacidad en España partiendo de una adecuada formación inicial y complementada con una sólida y variada formación permanente. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Motor Activity , Sports/education , Job Description , Disabled Persons , Spain , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The primary cause of tumor-related death in breast cancer is still represented by distant metastasization. The dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant sites through bloodstream cannot be early detected by standard imaging methods. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a major role in the metastatic spread of breast cancer. Different analytical systems for CTCs isolation and detection have been developed and novel areas of research are directed towards developing assays for CTCs molecular characterization. This review describes the current state of art on CTCs detection techniques and the present and future clinical implications of CTCs enumeration and characterization (AU)
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Microstraining/methods , Electrophoresis/instrumentation , Electrophoresis , Immunohistochemistry/instrumentation , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Immunohistochemistry , Flow Cytometry/methods , Nucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesABSTRACT
The primary cause of tumor-related death in breast cancer is still represented by distant metastasization. The dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant sites through bloodstream cannot be early detected by standard imaging methods. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a major role in the metastatic spread of breast cancer. Different analytical systems for CTCs isolation and detection have been developed and novel areas of research are directed towards developing assays for CTCs molecular characterization. This review describes the current state of art on CTCs detection techniques and the present and future clinical implications of CTCs enumeration and characterization.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/isolation & purification , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology , Animals , Breast Neoplasms/blood , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Las causas de distrés respiratorio en el neonato son muy diversas: hay factores nutricionales e inflamatorios y trastornos del desarrollo embrionario que pueden contribuir al problema; pero en los últimos años ha cobrado importancia la consideración de los factores genéticos de riesgo. Entre las causas genéticas de distrés respiratorio, la mejor documentada es el déficit hereditario de la proteína del surfactante pulmonar SPB, que da lugar a un fracaso respiratorio agudo, crónico y potencialmente irreversible. La disponibilidad de marcadores genéticos de utilidad clínica para evaluar el riesgo de distrés respiratorio en el neonato permitirá el desarrollo de estrategias racionales para el tratamiento pulmonar y la posibilidad de ofrecer consejo genético a las familias de riesgo (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Respiratory Tract Diseases/genetics , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/therapy , Pulmonary Surfactants/administration & dosage , Pulmonary Surfactants/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Lung/pathology , Genetic Markers/immunology , Phospholipids/administration & dosage , Phospholipids/therapeutic use , Molecular Biology/methods , Molecular Biology/trends , Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
At the end of 1989 a transversal study to know the availability of glycosylated hemoglobin as a control parameter in diabetic patients was done. Two hundred and three physicians-specialists in diabetes-provided information on the fraction, technique and reference interval used in their clinical practice. 90 +/- 4% of the participants were able to obtain, in their settings, the determination of glycosylated hemoglobin. Regarding work-places it is outstanding that 36 +/- 15% of the physicians in primary care did not have the possibility to get this parameter determined. Fraction and technique more widely used were, respectively, HbA1 and Ionic Interchange Chromatography performed with HPLC. There was no homogeneity in the reference intervals for HbA1 and HbA1c, considering different methodologies. The possibility to obtain different glycosylated hemoglobin determined, depends on the setting where the health care is being provided. It is important to know the reference interval of the Center where the determination is being done, in order to correctly interpret the glycosylated hemoglobin values of each patient.
