ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Genotype by environment interactions (G × E) can play an important role in cattle populations and should be included in breeding programs in order to select the best animals for different environments. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the G × E for milk production of Gyr cattle in Brazil and Colombia by applying a reaction norm model used genomics information, and to identify genomic regions associated with milk production in the two countries. METHODS: The Brazilian and Colombian database included 464 animals (273 cows and 33 sires from Brazil and 158 cows from Colombia) and 27,505 SNPs. A two-trait animal model was used for milk yield adjusted to 305 days in Brazil and Colombia as a function of country of origin, which included genomic information obtained with a single-step genomic reaction norm model. The GIBBS3F90 and POSTGSf90 programs were used. RESULTS: The results obtained indicate G × E based on the reranking of bulls between Brazil and Colombia, demonstrating environmental differences between the two countries. The findings highlight the importance of considering the environment when choosing breeding animals in order to ensure the adequate performance of their progeny. Within this context, the reranking of bulls and the different SNPs associated with milk production in the two countries suggest that G × E is an important effect that should be included in the genetic evaluation of Dairy Gyr cattle in Brazil and Colombia. CONCLUSION: The Gyr breeding program can be optimized by choosing a selection environment that will allow maximum genetic progress in milk production in different environments within and between countries.
Subject(s)
Gene-Environment Interaction , Milk , Female , Cattle/genetics , Animals , Male , Lactation/genetics , Brazil , Colombia , GenotypeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Critically ill patients can develop hyperglycaemia even if they do not have diabetes. Intensive insulin therapy decreases morbidity and mortality rates in patients in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) and decreases morbidity in patients in a medical ICU. The effect of this therapy on patients in a mixed medical/surgical ICU is unknown. Our goal was to assess whether the effect of intensive insulin therapy, compared with standard therapy, decreases morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalised in a mixed ICU. METHODS: This is a prospective, randomised, non-blinded, single-centre clinical trial in a medical/surgical ICU. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either intensive insulin therapy to maintain glucose levels between 80 and 110 mg/dl (4.4 to 6.1 mmol/l) or standard insulin therapy to maintain glucose levels between 180 and 200 mg/dl (10 and 11.1 mmol/l). The primary end point was mortality at 28 days. RESULTS: Over a period of 30 months, 504 patients were enrolled. The 28-day mortality rate was 32.4% (81 of 250) in the standard insulin therapy group and 36.6% (93 of 254) in the intensive insulin therapy group (Relative Risk [RR]: 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85 to 1.42). The ICU mortality in the standard insulin therapy group was 31.2% (78 of 250) and 33.1% (84 of 254) in the intensive insulin therapy group (RR: 1.06; 95%CI: 0.82 to 1.36). There was no statistically significant reduction in the rate of ICU-acquired infections: 33.2% in the standard insulin therapy group compared with 27.17% in the intensive insulin therapy group (RR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.63 to 1.07). The rate of hypoglycaemia (< or = 40 mg/dl) was 1.7% in the standard insulin therapy group and 8.5% in the intensive insulin therapy group (RR: 5.04; 95% CI: 1.20 to 21.12). CONCLUSIONS: IIT used to maintain glucose levels within normal limits did not reduce morbidity or mortality of patients admitted to a mixed medical/surgical ICU. Furthermore, this therapy increased the risk of hypoglycaemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: 4374-04-13031; 094-2 in 000966421.
Subject(s)
Critical Care/methods , Critical Care/standards , Glycemic Index/physiology , Hospitalization , Intensive Care Units/standards , Adult , Aged , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Female , Humans , Insulin/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivos: Realizar un análisis detallado de la evolución y mortalidad de 13 pacientes con cáncer y FRA tratados con terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR). Métodos: Se evaluaron diversas variables demográficas, el compromiso funcional al momento del diagnóstico de la FRA, su causa y etiología. Además, varios desenlaces y dos índices, el de gravedad individual para FRA de Liaño (ISI) y el APACHE II. Resultados:Los pacientes tuvieron un promedio de 55 años, 70por ciento eran mujeres y el origen principal de las neoplasias fue el tracto genitourinario.Dos tercios de la población tenían un IK inferior o igual a 70por ciento, 53 porciento presentaba neoplasias en progresión, 38porciento tenía enfermedad no controlada en tratamiento y un sujeto estaba libre de cáncer. Todos los pacientes iniciaron hemodiálisis intermitente, en promedio, seis días después del ingreso hospitalario y cuatro días después del diagnóstico de la urgencia. Nueve sujetos tenían comorbilidad grave, y 8 murieron, con una mediana de 17 días entre el inicio de la diálisis y el fallecimiento; la mortalidad global fue del 61por ciento, la media de la puntuación del ISI fue 0,62 (DE +/- 0,012) y del APACHE II 26 (DE +/- 9). Conclusiones: La hemodiálisis está indicada en cualquier paciente con cáncer y FRA que se encuentre sin enfermedad o con una neoplasia potencialmente tratable, si tiene un buen estado funcional y está de acuerdo con dicha intervención.
