Morphological and Neurological Impairments Induced by Chronic Administration of Dimethyl Sulfoxide in Mice.

We studied the influence of DMSO administered ad libitum with drinking water in concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1% for 4 and 6 weeks on pain sensitivity, motor coordination, and myelin content in the corpus callosum of C57BL/6 mice. After 6-week administration, DMSO in all studied concentrations decreased myelin content in the corpus callosum. Moreover, 4-week administration of 0.1% DMSO and 6-week administration of 1% DMSO increased the latency to fall in the rotarod test by 3.1 (p<0.05) and 5.1 (p<0.001) times, respectively. After 4-week administration of DMSO in concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1%, the latency of the tail flick response increased by 2.1 (p<0.05) and 1.8 times (p<0.001), respectively. Administration of DMSO in concentrations of 0.01 and 1% for 6 weeks led to a decrease of this parameter by 2.7 (p<0.05) and 3.8 times (p<0.01), respectively. Thus, DMSO in all studied concentrations decreased myelin content in the corpus callosum of C57BL/6 mice and modified motor coordination and pain sensitivity of animals.

[INDIVIDUAL SURGICAL ТАCTICS IN PATIENTS, SUFFERING CHRONIC PANCREATITIS].

Results of surgical treatment for various clinic-morphological forms of chronic pancreatitis were presented. Efficacy of surgical treatment of the patients, using elaborated individual tactics, was analyzed. There was noted, that morphological changes in the pancreatic gland tissue determines peculiarities of surgical tactics for individual patient. Оperative interventions must be performed for the pain syndrome, for the foregut and common biliary duct impaction, as well as acidic affection of pancreatic gland, fibrous pancreatitis. Indications for miniinvasive operations for chronic pancreatitis were substantiated. While estimating efficacy of miniinvasive and radical operative interventions for chronic pancreatitis a lesser postoperative morbidity and lethality rate was noted, when miniinvasive procedures were applied.

[LIFTING LAPAROSCOPY IN SIMULTANT SURGERY].

Results of treatment of 84 patients, to whom simultant operative interventions on abdominal, the small pelvis and retroperitoneal organs were performed for concomitant somatic diseases, were analyzed. The author's technology of laparolifting was applied in 36 patients, and classical technology with carboxyperitoneum adjustment - in 48. Variants of optimal operative accesses were determined, structure and rate of postoperative complications, peculiarities of the early postoperative period course studied. Indisputable advantages of the lifting laparoscopic operations were established, including reduction of the postoperative complications rate and severity, the postoperative pain syndrome intensity, the concurrent chronic diseases exacerbation rate, and postoperative stationary stay.

[Comparative study of the effect of S-amlodipine nicotinate and amlodipine benzylate on the arterial pressure of awake rats].

We have performed a comparative study of the effects of two calcium channel blockers, S-amlodipine nicotinate and amnlodipine benzylate, on the arterial pressure (AP) of awake rats measured in the tail artery. The results of experiments showed that both preparations produce a statistically significant long-term decrease in the AP of animals. In respect of both strength and duration of the hypotensive effect, S-amlodipine nicotinate somewhat exceeds amnlodipine benzylate.

[Cerebrovascular pharmacology of separate and combined vascular pathology of brain and heart].

The effect of nimodipine, mexidol, melatonin, afobazole, 5-hydroxy-adanamtan-2-one, and GABA conjugates with arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoyl dopamine on the cerebral circulation has been studied in intact rats and those with global transient cerebral ischemia, experimental myocardial infarction, and combined vascular pathology of brain and heart. The most pronounced vasodilation activity in rats with global transient cerebral ischemia is exhibited by nimodipine, mexidol, melatonin, afobazole, 5-hydroxy-adanamtan-2-one, and GABA-containing lipid derivatives. This effect of all these drugs (except for nimodipine) is not manifested on the background of GABA receptor blocker bicuculline. In rats with experimental myocardial infarction and combined vascular pathology of brain and heart not all of the compounds mentioned acbove with GABA-ergic mechanism of action stimulate the cerebral blood flow. Thus, both similarity and differences in cerebrovascular effects of these compounds have been found, which depend on the initial state of organism and the vascular pathology of brain and/or heart. The obtained results show good prospects for this direction of research.

[Experience of simultaneous laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gynecologic operations performance in conditions of "withous gas" laparoscopy in patients of high operation-anesthesiology risk].

The results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performance in a combination with laparoscopic gynecologic operation on the background of concomitant cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases were analyzed in 67 patients. In 26 patients (main group) the original lifting system was used, 41 (control group)--operated on classical technology. Optimal operative accesses variants a defined, carboxyperitoneum influence on the central hemodynamics in the postoperative period, time of restoration of patients, frequency of postoperative complications is studied. It is revealed that simultaneous lifting laparoscopic operations possess have conclusive advantages: frequency and severity of postoperative complications decrease, intensity of a postoperative pain syndrome, frequency of concomitant chronic diseases exacerbations, and duration of hospital treatment after operation.

[Functional state of the hemostasis system in patients, operated for pancreatic pseudocysts].

Operative treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts coincides with the indices of the blood coagulation system change, which are characterized as a hypercoagulative. These disorders are noted in 12-24 h postoperatively, their rate is reducing substantially while application of pentoxyphylline. Most significant lowering of intraoperative hypercoagulation was noted while application of endoscopic drainage with the pseudocysts cavity stenting.

[Reconstructive-restorative operations in patients after obstructive resection of the large intestine].

There were analyzed the results of treatment of 85 patients, in whom colostomy with obstructive resection of large bowel (Hartmann type operations) was performed. Optimal terms (two months after the first stage) of reconstruction-restoration operations were proposed as an important factor of social and psychological rehabilitation of the patients. The anastomosis sutures insufficiency have had occurred in 3 (3.5%) patients, two patients died.

Effects of afobazole on the content of neurotransmitter amino acids in the striatum in global transient ischemia.

Anxiolytic agent afobazole (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 24 h after ischemia restores impaired balance of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the striatum of mongrel rats, normalizes their content to control levels, and activates endogenous taurine-dependent system of neuroprotection.

[Influence of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine hemisuccinate on cerebral blood perfusion in rats under experimental pathology conditions].

Experiments on rats showed that 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine hemisuccinate increases cerebral blood flow in the system of carotid arteries both in intact animals and under conditions of global transient ischemia. In combination with tropoxin, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine hemisuccinate enhances the blood flow in the inner carotid artery of intact rats and the local blood flow under conditions of global transient ischemia. A combination of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine hemisuccinate and tropoxin increases baseline cerebral blood flow and decreases the constrictor reaction of cerebral blood vessels to 5HT(2B/2C) receptor agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine.

[Cerebrovascular and antiserotoninergic activity of the combination of tropoxin and mexidol].

The results of experiments on narcotized rats showed that tropoxin substantially reduces the constrictor reactions of cerebral blood vessels to meta-chlorophenylpiperazine, while not increasing the blood flow in the carotid system of either intact rats or animals with model ischemic damage of brain. In contrast, mexidol increases the cerebral blood flow in rats under conditions of global transient ischemia of brain. A combination of tropoxin and mexidol retains both the anti-serotoninergic activity of tropoxin and the vasodilating effect of mexidol.

[Effect of tropoxin on cerebrovascular effects of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine and serotonin].

Experiments on rats showed that meta-chlorophenylpiperazine, as well as serotonin, decreases cerebral blood flow registered in internal carotid artery of narcotized animals. Therefore, this agonist of postsynaptic 5HT(2B/2C) receptors can be used for directed search of new antimigraine drugs. Tropoxin (10 mg/kg) substantially reduces constrictor reactions of cerebral blood vessels induced by meta-chlorophenylpiperazine. The effect was observed during both prophylaxis and treatment of the model disorder with this drug.

[Comparative efficacy of various variants of pancreaticoduodenal resection according to the results of early postoperative period].

Pancreatoduodenal resection (FOR) was performed in 131 patients: in 105--for pancreatoduodenal zone cancer and in 26--for fibrous chronic pancreatitis. The elaborated procedure for pancreatojejunoanastomosis formation, performed on reconstructive stage of PDR, secures the total complications rate lowering, comparing with such in conventional procedure with end to end aniastomosis suturing and after terminolateral anastomosis formation in 1.42 and 1.62 times, according. Cryodestruction secures the lowering of the total complications rate and the complications rate while usinn various variants of the PDR on reconstruction state.

[Comparative efficacy of pancreatoduodenal resection using intraoperative cryo-techniques].

In 61 patients pancreaticoduodenal resection (PDR) was performed: for pancreatic gland head cancer-in 29, periampullar zone cancer--in 20, chronic pseudotumoral pancreatitis--in 12. In 10 patients, suffering pancreatic gland and periampullar zone cancer, complicated by solitary hepatic metastases, PDR was added by cryodestruction of metastases. Cryoaffection on pancreatic gland stump during PDR performance have resulted in lowering of early postoperative complications frequency (pancreatic fistula, parapancreatic septic inflammation and an acute pancreatitis) and of chronic pancreatitis acute phase evolvement risk in the late postoperative period. Cryodestruction of hepatic metastases have promoted the patients survival median increase.

[The change of the patients organism immune reactivity in complicated chronic pancreatitis while performance of complex treatment].

The indices of the operated patients organism immune reactivity were studied in complicated chronic pancreatitis. Optimal restoration of the cellular and humoral immunity indices was noted in application of laparoscopic technologies together with pentoxiphylline, which promotes the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines freeing.

Hydrostatic compressibility phenomena: new opportunities for near-critical research in microgravity.

Peculiarities of the isothermal and isentropic equilibrium in highly compressible media with nonperfect state equations are discussed. Formulation of the adiabatic temperature gradient using Schwarzschild criterion and equilibrium equations for nonperfect gas are considered. Criterion for the onset of convection in the van der Waals (VDW) gas is examined using direct numerical modeling on the basis of equation for convection in compressible viscous nonperfect gas. Results of three-dimensional modeling near-critical convection in the vicinity of the convection onset in space flight with quasi-steady microaccelerations are given. A proposal for the microgravity research of the near-critical convection is discussed.

Unsteady near-critical flows in microgravity.

This paper presents analysis of the different time scales associated with unsteady fluid flow phenomena near the thermodynamical critical point and that are typical for experiments carried out in microgravity. A focus of the paper is modeling the initial stage of convection under low and zero gravity on the basis of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for a compressible gas with the Van der Waals state equation. We also consider a thermoacoustic problem on the basis of three-dimensional linearized equations for an isentropic inviscid gas near the critical point in zero gravity. We compare the heat transfer due to unsteady convection and the piston effect in an enclosure with side heating in zero and low gravity with pure conductivity.

[Use of computed tomography in the examination of patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy]. / Primenenie kompiuternoi tomografii pri obsledovanii bol'nykh éndokrinnoi oftal'mopatiei.

Combined investigation of 29 patients with Basedow's disease, 5 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, and 4 patients with mixed toxic goiter was carried out including computerized tomography (CT) of the orbits. The investigation of 10 patients was repeated 6 months after the first one. Signs of endocrine ophthalmopathy were detected in 28 patients with Basedow's disease and in 2 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Characteristic CT signs of retrobulbar tissue changes in endocrine ophthalmopathy were defined. The use of CT of the orbits was shown to improve early diagnosis of endocrine ophthalmopathies, to assess the time course of the disease and therapeutic efficacy. The authors proposed 3 variants of endocrine ophthalmopathy with regard to the involvement of the oculomotor muscles or retrobulbar fat tissue, revealed by CT.

[Use of thrombin in the prevention and arrest of intraocular hemorrhage during vitrectomy in traumatic hemophthalmos]. / Primenenie trombina dlia preduprezhdeniia i ostanovki vnutriglaznykh krovotechenii v khode vitréktomii pri travmaticheskom gemoftal'me.

Thrombin obtained from donor blood plasma was used to achieve hemostasis during vitrectomy for traumatic hemophthalmos. Analysis of the results of surgery in 21 patients and in 28 controls has shown a manifest hemostatic activity of the agent. If introduced intravitreally, it induced no local reaction of tissues. Thrombin is recommended for clinical application.