Hematoma duodenal en el adulto: aspectos clínicos imagenológicos. Presentación de tres casos / Duodenal hematoma in theadult: clinical imagingaspects.Presentation of three cases

RESUMEN Fundamento: el hematoma duodenal es una entidad poco frecuente y para su diagnóstico es preciso considerar la existencia de factores de riesgo, las manifestaciones clínicas y el modo de diagnóstico, entre estos, el imagenológico. Objetivo: mostrar distintas formas clínicas e imagenológicas de presentación del hematoma duodenal según tipo de estudio y tiempo de evolución. Presentación de casos: se presentaron tres casos de hematoma duodenal diagnosticados en diferentes periodos evolutivos. El antecedente traumático no fue recogido al inicio en dos de ellos pero las investigaciones imagenológicas orientaron su diagnóstico. El vómito y el dolor abdominal estuvieron presentes en los tres, la anemia, el tinte sub-ictérico y la toma del estado general en el caso de diagnóstico tardío de tres meses de evolución. El cuadro oclusivo intestinal alto surge secundario a una endoscopia con escleroterapia por úlcera sangrante en el tercer caso de forma aguda. En la ecografía, la radiografía contrastada del tubo digestivo y la tomografía axial computarizada se apreciaron variaciones del patrón en dependencia al tiempo de evolución. La ecografía como primer estudio detectó la colección en todos ellos y fue útil en el seguimiento, el estudio radiológico contrastado orientó el diagnóstico con predominio de patrón anfractuoso en el caso tardío, y la tomografía ofreció la mayor información. Conclusiones: para el diagnóstico del hematoma duodenal es necesario tenerlo presente e indagar sobre factores de riesgo, acudir a los medios diagnósticos disponibles y considerar que sus manifestaciones pueden variar según el tiempo de evolución. Se considera la tomografía como examen de elección.

ABSTRACT Background: the duodenal hematoma is an infrequent entity, usually of late diagnosis, which should be made according to risk factors, the clinical manifestations and imaging studies. Objective: to show different clinical and imaging forms of presentation of duodenal hematoma according to type of imaging study and time of progress. Cases reports: three cases of duodenal hematoma diagnosed in different follow up periods are presented. The history of the trauma was not recorded at the beginning in two cases neither considered as a predisposing factor, but the diagnostic research suspected the diagnosis. Vomiting and abdominal pain was seen in all three cases. Anemia, sub-jaundice dye and malaise were present at three months of follow up. Upper acute intestinal occlusive condition was secondary to endoscopic sclera-therapy due to digestive bleeding in the third case. Ultrasound, contrast radiography of the digestive tube and computerized axial tomography showed variations of the pattern depending on the modifications of the hematoma over time. Ultrasound as the first study detected the collection in all cases and was useful in the follow-up. Contrast radiological study was oriented towards the diagnosis and show predominance of regular patterns in case of late diagnosis. The Tomography achieved a greater diagnostic definition. Conclusions: for the diagnosis of duodenal hematoma, it is necessary to take into account and think about risk factors, and the proper management of imaging studies in relation to time of progress. Tomography is the examination of choice.

Hematoma duodenal en el adulto: aspectos clínicos imagenológicos. Presentación de tres casos / Duodenal hematoma in the adult: clinical imaging aspects. Presentation of three cases

Fundamento: el hematoma duodenal es una entidad poco frecuente y para su diagnóstico es preciso considerar la existencia de factores de riesgo, las manifestaciones clínicas y el modo de diagnóstico, entre estos, el imagenológico. Objetivo: mostrar distintas formas clínicas e imagenológicas de presentación del hematoma duodenal según tipo de estudio y tiempo de evolución. Presentación de casos: se presentaron tres casos de hematoma duodenal diagnosticados en diferentes periodos evolutivos. El antecedente traumático no fue recogido al inicio en dos de ellos pero las investigaciones imagenológicas orientaron su diagnóstico. El vómito y el dolor abdominal estuvieron presentes en los tres, la anemia, el tinte sub-ictérico y la toma del estado general en el caso de diagnóstico tardío de tres meses de evolución. El cuadro oclusivo intestinal alto surge secundario a una endoscopia con escleroterapia por úlcera sangrante en el tercer caso de forma aguda. En la ecografía, la radiografía contrastada del tubo digestivo y la tomografía axial computarizada se apreciaron variaciones del patrón en dependencia al tiempo de evolución. La ecografía como primer estudio detectó la colección en todos ellos y fue útil en el seguimiento, el estudio radiológico contrastado orientó el diagnóstico con predominio de patrón anfractuoso en el caso tardío, y la tomografía ofreció la mayor información. Conclusiones: para el diagnóstico del hematoma duodenal es necesario tenerlo presente e indagar sobre factores de riesgo, acudir a los medios diagnósticos disponibles y considerar que sus manifestaciones pueden variar según el tiempo de evolución. Se considera la tomografía como examen de elección (AU)

Background: the duodenal hematoma is an infrequent entity, usually of late diagnosis, which should be made according to risk factors, the clinical manifestations and imaging studies. Objective: to show different clinical and imaging forms of presentation of duodenal hematoma according to type of imaging study and time of progress.Cases reports: three cases of duodenal hematoma diagnosed in different follow up periods are presented. The history of the trauma was not recorded at the beginning in two cases neither considered as a predisposing factor, but the diagnostic research suspected the diagnosis. Vomiting and abdominal pain was seen in all three cases. Anemia, sub-jaundice dye and malaise were present at three months of follow up. Upper acute intestinal occlusive condition was secondary to endoscopic sclera-therapy due to digestive bleeding in the third case. Ultrasound, contrast radiography of the digestive tube and computerized axial tomography showed variations of the pattern depending on the modifications of the hematoma over time. Ultrasound as the first study detected the collection in all cases and was useful in the follow-up. Contrast radiological study was oriented towards the diagnosis and show predominance of regular patterns in case of late diagnosis. The Tomography achieved a greater diagnostic definition. Conclusions: for the diagnosis of duodenal hematoma, it is necessary to take into account and think about risk factors, and the proper management of imaging studies in relation to time of progress. Tomography is the examination of choice (AU)

Electronic Consultations as an Educational Tool to Improve the Care of Transgender Patients in Primary Care.

Electronic consultations (eConsults) have demonstrated benefits in many areas of clinical care including educational value for primary care clinicians (PCCs). It has been shown that few PCCs have knowledge and confidence to manage transgender and gender non-binary (TGNB) patients. In this report, we explored the impact of eConsults submitted to a TGNB specialist panel on PCC experience and on their education on TGNB-related topics. We conducted a retrospective review of de-identified data from the RubiconMD electronic consultation platform used by PCCs in 36 U.S. states for eConsults submitted to the TGNB specialty. We found that 90% of eConsults were from federally qualified health centers, other community clinics, and rural areas. Primary care clinicians reported outcomes as "educational" for 50% and "improved care plan" for 88% of eConsults. These results suggest that eConsults play an important role in educating PCCs on TGNB care and may also lead to improved PCC and patient experiences.

Electronic consultation impact from the primary care clinician perspective: Outcomes from a national sample.

INTRODUCTION: Electronic consultations (eConsults) provide asynchronous, store-and-forward communication between primary care clinicians (PCCs) and specialists using web-based platforms, electronic health records or mobile applications. eConsults have demonstrated benefits in many areas of the Quadruple Aim, including educational value for PCCs. In this study, we explored the connection between eConsults and the Quadruple Aim using a unique national dataset of PCC-reported eConsult outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study analysing registry data from the RubiconMD electronic consultation platform used by PCCs in 34 US states. We analysed PCC-reported outcomes from eConsults that took place between March 2017 and January 2018. PCCs were asked to select one or more of the following options after each eConsult: improved care plan, educational, avoided unnecessary diagnostics/procedures, avoided referral altogether or to wrong specialty, or no effect. RESULTS: PCCs reported an outcome for 3872 eConsults. eConsults for dermatology, endocrinology, and haematology-oncology were most common. Over one in four PCCs reported that the eConsult avoided a referral altogether or to the wrong specialty (26.3%) and avoided unnecessary diagnostics/procedures (26.1%). In 75% of eConsults, PCCs reported an improved care plan. Fifty percent reported that the eConsult was educational. DISCUSSION: PCCs in diverse practice settings reported substantial benefits from eConsults. In over half of eConsults, PCCs reported that the eConsult avoided unnecessary diagnostics/procedures, avoided a referral altogether or avoided a referral to the wrong specialty. Findings suggest that eConsults demonstrate important educational benefits, but may also influence PCC decision-making in a way that yields tremendous cost-saving potential and improved patient experience.