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1.
Open Forum Infect Dis ; 11(7): ofae327, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38957691

ABSTRACT

Background: The advent of anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) has revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, susceptibility to active tuberculosis (TB) is associated with this therapy and requires its discontinuation. The risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in this population is poorly understood, as is the safety of resuming anti-TNFα. Methods: This French retrospective study (2010-2022) included all TB cases in patients with IBD who were treated with anti-TNFα in 6 participating centers. A systematic literature review was performed on TB-IRIS and anti-TNFα exposure. Results: Thirty-six patients were included (median age, 35 years; IQR, 27-48). TB was disseminated in 86% and miliary in 53%. IRIS occurred in 47% after a median 45 days (IQR, 18-80). Most patients with TB-IRIS (93%) had disseminated TB. Miliary TB was associated with IRIS risk in univariate analysis (odds ratio, 7.33; 95% CI, 1.60-42.82; P = .015). Anti-TB treatment was longer in this population (median [IQR], 9 [9-12] vs 6 [6-9] months; P = .049). Anti-TNFα was resumed in 66% after a median 4 months (IQR, 3-10) for IBD activity (76%) or IRIS treatment (24%), with only 1 case of TB relapse. Fifty-two cases of TB-IRIS in patients treated with anti-TNFα were reported in the literature, complicating disseminating TB (85%) after a median 42 days (IQR, 21-90), with 70% requiring anti-inflammatory treatment. Forty cases of TB-IRIS or paradoxical reaction treated with anti-TNFα were also reported. IRIS was neurologic in 64%. Outcome was mostly favorable (93% recovery). Conclusions: TB with anti-TNFα treatment is often complicated by IRIS of varying severity. Restarting anti-TNFα is a safe and effective strategy.

2.
Br J Cancer ; 131(1): 49-62, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38745088

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare disease. The genomic profiling tumours according to clinical characteristics and its impact on the prognosis remains unclear. METHODS: A pooled analysis of clinical data, genomic profiling and MisMatch Repair (MMR) status from three databases was performed. RESULTS: A total of 188 tumour samples were analysed. A predisposing disease was reported in 22.3%, mainly Lynch syndrome and Crohn's disease. The tumours were localized in 80.2% and metastatic in 18.8%. The most frequent mutations were KRAS (42.0%) among them 7/79 are G12C, TP53 (40.4%), APC (19.1%), PIK3CA (18.6%), SMAD4 (12.8%) and ERBB2 (9.6%). Mutation distribution differed according to predisposing disease for TP53, ERBB2, IDH1, FGFR3, FGFR1 and KDR. KRAS and SMAD4 mutations were more frequent in metastatic tumour, whereas ERBB2 mutations were absent in metastatic tumour. For localized tumour, APC mutation was independently associated with a poor overall survival (OS) (p = 0.0254). 31.8% of localized tumours and 11.3% of metastatic tumours were dMMR (29.8% of the entire cohort). A dMMR status was associated with a better OS (HR = 0.61 [0.39-0.96], p = 0.0316). CONCLUSIONS: There is a different genomic profile according to the stage and predisposing disease. dMMR and APC mutation in localized tumour predict a better prognosis.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Intestinal Neoplasms , Mutation , Humans , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Intestinal Neoplasms/genetics , Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology , Intestinal Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Intestine, Small/pathology , Adult , Prognosis , Aged, 80 and over , Gene Expression Profiling , DNA Mismatch Repair/genetics
3.
Scand J Gastroenterol ; 59(5): 553-560, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38353236

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to the administration of infliximab (IFX) in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) patients are not rare and usually lead to drug discontinuation. We report data on safety and effectiveness of desensitization to IFX in patients with previous HSR. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective monocentric observational study. Patients for whom a desensitization protocol to IFX was realized after a previous HSR were included. Anti-drug antibodies (ADA) and IFX trough levels at both inclusion and six months after desensitization were collected. Clinical outcomes, including recurrence of HSR were evaluated. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2020, 27 patients (Crohn's Disease: 26 (96%) were included). Desensitization after HSR was performed after a median time of 10.4 months (2.9-33.1). Nineteen (70%) patients received immunosuppressants at time of desensitization. Eight (30%) patients presented HSR at first (n = 2), second (n = 4) or third (n = 2) IFX perfusion after desensitization. None led to intensive care unit transfer or death. Thirteen (48%) had clinical response at 6 months and 8 (29%) were still under IFX treatment two years after desensitization. IFX trough levels and ADA were available for 14 patients at time of desensitization. Most patients (12 out of 14) had ADA at a high level. At 6 months, among the 7 patients with long term response to IFX, 4 presented a decrease of ADA titers and 2 had a significant trough level of IFX. CONCLUSION: IFX desensitization in patients with IBD is a safe therapeutic alternative and represents a potential option for patients refractory to multiple biologics.What is already known? Hypersensitivity reactions to the administration of infliximab is frequent. Occurrence of hypersensitivity reaction, either immediate or delayed, usually leads to permanent drug discontinuation.What is new here? Infliximab desensitization is well tolerated with no hypersensitivity reaction recurrence in 70% of patients. Clinical success at 6 months was of 48% and around a third of patients remained under infliximab therapy two years after desensitization. Antidrug antibodies decreased and infliximab trough levels increased in these patients showing the impact of desensitization on immunogenicity.How can this study help patient care? Infliximab desensitization represents a potential option for patients refractory to multiple biologics who presented hypersensitivity reaction to the drug.


Subject(s)
Desensitization, Immunologic , Drug Hypersensitivity , Gastrointestinal Agents , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Infliximab , Humans , Infliximab/therapeutic use , Infliximab/administration & dosage , Infliximab/immunology , Infliximab/adverse effects , Female , Male , Retrospective Studies , Adult , Desensitization, Immunologic/methods , Drug Hypersensitivity/immunology , Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology , Middle Aged , Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use , Gastrointestinal Agents/adverse effects , Gastrointestinal Agents/immunology , Gastrointestinal Agents/administration & dosage , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology , Crohn Disease/drug therapy , Crohn Disease/immunology , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
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