Reminiscing and intergenerational advice giving during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: Given that types of reminiscing consistently predict psychological well-being, the current study investigated how older adults' reminiscing related to their appraisal of the COVID-19 pandemic and to the advice letters they wrote for younger adults. METHODS: The sample of 107 community-dwelling older adults (Mage = 74.55, SDage = 5.89) completed self-report questionnaires to report (a) level of life-disruption experienced due to the pandemic, (b) type and frequency of reminiscing during the pandemic, and (c) current positive and negative appraisals of the pandemic. Forty participants also produced essays providing advice to younger people about how to overcome a life challenge such as the pandemic. RESULTS: Correlational analyses revealed that positive reminiscence functions positively correlated with both positive (mean r(105) = .42, p < .006) and negative pandemic appraisals (mean r(105) = .44, p < .006), whereas negative reminiscence functions correlated with negative pandemic appraisals (mean r(105) = .31, p < .006) but not with positive pandemic appraisals (mean r(105) = .15, p > .006). Individuals who reminisced more tended to produce advice that was more positively (r(38) =.36, p = .02) and negatively (r(38) = .34, p = .03) valanced; and those who reminisced more with the function of identity development also gave advice that focused on this issue (r(38) = .44, p = .004). CONCLUSION: Overall, these results suggest that positive reminiscing is linked to older adults' capacity to view both positive and negative facets of challenging life situations.

Engaging care partners of persons living with dementia in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) programs: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a relatively new type of psychotherapy effective for treating depression and anxiety amongst family care partners of persons living with dementia [PLWD]. However, care partner engagement in mental health services is low and specific guidelines for designing ACT programs for care partners of PLWD do not exist. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine patterns in care partner engagement in ACT programs to identify program factors potentially influencing engagement. METHODS: A comprehensive scoping review according to Arksey and O'Malley's framework was followed. Databases and grey literature were searched for primary studies of ACT programs with care partners of PLWD. Data were charted and synthesized. RESULTS: Ten studies met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Amongst these, engagement was highest in three ACT programs that were delivered individually, remotely and were therapist-led or supported. Conversely, engagement was the lowest in two ACT programs that were self-directed, web-based and had minimal or no care partner-therapist interaction. Program factors perceived as influencing engagement included tailoring and personalization, mode of delivery and format, therapeutic support and connectedness, program duration and pace. CONCLUSION: Findings from this review suggest that care partners engagement may be promoted by designing ACT programs that focus on the therapeutic client-therapist relationship, are delivered remotely and individually. Future research should focus on evaluation of best implementation practices for engagement and effectiveness.

Seeking Care for Long COVID: A Narrative Analysis of Canadian Experiences.

The goal of this study was to explore the experiences of individuals seeking care for long COVID-19 in the Canadian healthcare system. Recorded virtual interviews were carried out with 8 participants and narrative analysis was used to examine the stories produced and identify the central narratives that defined participants' experiences. Care-seeking experiences were characterized by (1) often debilitating multi-system symptoms for which little information about prognosis was available and no effective treatments were provided, (2) compounded by the frustration of trying to convince family, friends, and health care practitioners of the legitimacy of their illness, (3) access to medical care was severely limited by the global pandemic and associated higher thresholds for care, (4) like others suffering from complex, multi-system conditions, people with long COVID are often struggling with a health-care system ill-suited for dealing with long-term and possibly chronic conditions. To make system-level improvements to better serve those with chronic conditions, it is critical that we understand the care-seeking experiences of chronic illness patients, including the unique experiences of those with long COVID.

Burnout among Hospital Pharmacists in Canada: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background: Burnout is a growing problem among health care professionals, with consequences for patient safety and personal satisfaction. The prevalence of burnout among hospital pharmacists in Canada is unknown; however, it has been documented at over 60% in other countries. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of burnout and variables associated with burnout among hospital pharmacists in Canada. Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study was based on a survey made available to more than 2600 Canadian hospital pharmacists from February 10 to April 2, 2020, through the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists QID platform. The questionnaire collected data for the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSSMP), demographic data, employment characteristics, and workplace factors; it also included an open-ended question about burnout. Results: A total of 171 respondents provided data suitable for analysis. Of these, only 13 (7.6%) met the criteria for burnout on all 3 subscales of the burnout inventory; however, 105 respondents (61.4%) surpassed the threshold for burnout on the emotional exhaustion subscale. In univariate analyses, not working to one's full scope of practice was associated with meeting the criteria for burnout on all 3 scales. Linear regression highlighted associations between scores on the emotional exhaustion subscale and gender identity, perceived excessive on-call duties, area of practice, and positivity of workplace culture. Content analysis of the open-ended question supported the quantitative findings and pointed to 3 major themes: workload quantity, workload quality, and workplace culture. Conclusions: Results on the emotional exhaustion subscale of the MBI-HSSMP and responses to the open-ended question suggested a relatively high prevalence of burnout among Canadian hospital pharmacists, and indicated potential links between burnout and certain workplace characteristics.

Contexte: L'épuisement professionnel est un problème croissant chez les professionnels de la santé qui entraîne des conséquences sur la sécurité des patients et la satisfaction personnelle des professionnels. La prévalence de l'épuisement professionnel chez les pharmaciens d'hôpitaux au Canada est inconnue; cependant, il a été documenté à plus de 60 % dans d'autres pays. Objectifs: Évaluer la prévalence de l'épuisement professionnel et les variables associées à celui-ci chez les pharmaciens d'hôpitaux au Canada. Méthodes: Cette étude de cohorte transversale se basait sur un sondage distribué à plus de 2600 pharmaciens d'hôpitaux canadiens entre le 10 février et le 2 avril 2020 via la plateforme QID de la Société canadienne des pharmaciens d'hôpitaux. Le questionnaire a permis de recueillir des données pour le Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSSMP; un inventaire de l'épuisement professionnel chez les professionnels de la santé), des données démographiques, des caractéristiques professionnelles et des facteurs liés au lieu de travail; il comprenait également une question ouverte sur l'épuisement professionnel. Résultats: Au total, 171 répondants ont fourni des données se prêtant à l'analyse. Parmi ceux-ci, seuls 13 (7,6 %) répondaient aux critères de l'épuisement professionnel des 3 sous-échelles de l'inventaire de l'épuisement professionnel; cependant, 105 répondants (61,4 %) ont dépassé le seuil d'épuisement professionnel de la sous-échelle d'épuisement émotionnel. Dans les analyses univariées, le fait de ne pas travailler dans l'ensemble de son champ d'exercice était associé au respect des critères d'épuisement professionnel sur les 3 sous-échelles. La régression linéaire a mis en évidence des associations entre les scores sur la sous-échelle d'épuisement émotionnel et l'identité de genre, les tâches de garde excessives perçues, le domaine de pratique et la positivité de la culture sur le lieu de travail. L'analyse du contenu de la question ouverte étayait les résultats quantitatifs et a souligné 3 thèmes principaux : la quantité et la qualité de la charge de travail, ainsi que la culture sur le lieu de travail. Conclusions: Les résultats relatifs à la sous-échelle d'épuisement émotionnel du MBI-HSSMP et les réponses à la question ouverte suggèrent une prévalence relativement élevée d'épuisement professionnel chez les pharmaciens d'hôpitaux canadiens et indiquent des liens potentiels entre l'épuisement professionnel et certaines caractéristiques du milieu de travail.

Readiness for the aging population in private dental practices.

Background: As more adults reach advanced age with natural teeth, there is an increasing need for dental and dental hygiene practices to provide care for older adults and individuals living with dementia. Little is known about how well these populations are accommodated in private practice. Methods: Following approval from the Research Ethics Board at Mount Allison University, a survey was sent to the 517 practising dental hygienists in New Brunswick, Canada. They were asked to rate on 5-point scales their geriatric oral care knowledge, their willingness to receive more education on the topic, and how frequently they adjusted their care provision to meet the needs of older (age 70+) clients and those living with dementia. Results: A total of 121 dental hygienists responded (23.4% response rate). Overall, respondents were willing to learn more about geriatric care, but lacked knowledge about the oral health effects of certain medications frequently used by older adults, and about techniques for accessing the oral cavity of clients with dementia. Many accommodations recommended by geriatric specialists were not consistently carried out. Discussion: Given that older adults and adults with dementia make up an increasingly large part of the population in need of oral care, geriatric and dementia oral care needs should be emphasized in dental and dental hygiene practices and continuing education for dental hygienists. Conclusion: More research is required on the impact of integrating accommodations for older clients and clients with dementia into clinical practice, as well as how oral care is experienced by these populations.

Contexte: Un plus grand nombre d'adultes ont toujours leurs dents naturelles lorsqu'ils atteignent un âge avancé. Il est donc de plus en plus nécessaire que les cabinets dentaires et d'hygiène dentaire fournissent des soins aux personnes plus âgées et aux personnes atteintes de démence. On ignore dans quelle mesure ces populations sont accueillies dans les cabinets privés. Méthodologie: À la suite de l'approbation du comité d'éthique de la recherche de l'Université Mount Allison, un sondage a été envoyé aux 517 hygiénistes dentaires en exercice au Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada. Ils ont été invités à évaluer, sur une échelle de 5 points, leurs connaissances en matière de soins buccodentaires gériatriques, leur intérêt à recevoir davantage de formation sur le sujet et la fréquence à laquelle ils ont adapté leur prestation de soins pour répondre aux besoins des clients plus âgés (70 ans et plus) et des personnes atteintes de démence. Résultats: En tout, 121 hygiénistes dentaires ont répondu au sondage (un taux de réponse de 23,4 %). Dans l'ensemble, les répondants voulaient en savoir davantage sur les soins gériatriques, mais ne connaissaient pas les effets sur la santé buccodentaire de certains médicaments fréquemment utilisés par les personnes âgées ni les techniques utilisées pour accéder à la cavité buccale des clients atteints de démence. De nombreux accommodements recommandés par les spécialistes en gériatrie n'ont pas été systématiquement mis en œuvre. Discussion: Les cabinets dentaires et d'hygiène dentaire et la formation continue des hygiénistes dentaires doivent souligner les besoins des adultes plus âgés et des adultes atteints de démence puisque ceux-ci représentent une part de plus en plus importante de la population nécessitant des soins buccodentaires. Conclusion: Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires sur les conséquences de l'intégration des accommodements pour les clients plus âgés et les clients atteints de démence dans la pratique clinique, ainsi que sur la façon dont ces populations perçoivent les soins buccodentaires.

Clinical pharmacy services in an ambulatory oncology clinic: Patient perception and satisfaction.

INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown that patients rate pharmacists more favourably when the pharmacist expresses interest in the patient and attends to patients' perspectives. There is limited available evidence evaluating both patient perception and satisfaction regarding clinical pharmacy services provided in an ambulatory oncology clinic. METHODS: This was a prospective mixed methods study involving surveys and patient interviews. Consenting participants completed a survey at their first visit evaluating their perceptions of the importance of the clinical pharmacy services offered in the ambulatory oncology clinic. They completed a second survey 6-8 weeks later to re-evaluate their perceptions and to measure satisfaction ratings. The final component of this study involved semi-structured one-on-one telephone interviews to gather qualitative data regarding the study objectives. RESULTS: A total of 35 participants completed the survey, of which eleven completed one-on-one patient telephone interviews. Patients perceived the clinical pharmacy services assessed as important to their care before receiving treatment. The ratings of the importance of the pharmacist in managing patients' nausea/vomiting significantly decreased when remeasured, whereas the importance of meeting the pharmacist in the clinic significantly increased. The importance of the role of the pharmacist was highlighted in patient interviews as well: patients particularly valued the pharmacist's initiative to meet them in the clinic, the education provided by pharmacist, and the pharmacist's accessibility throughout treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, patients in the ambulatory oncology clinic perceived the services offered as important to their care and they were highly satisfied.

Predictors of farther mobilization on day of surgery and shorter length of stay after total joint arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Mobilization on the day of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is associated with shorter length of stay. The question of whether incrementally farther mobilization on the day of surgery (POD0) contributes to shorter length of stay has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study was to determine if farther mobilization on POD0 led to shorter length of stay and to identify the predictors of farther mobilization and length of stay. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was undertaken using data for patients who had a primary TJA and mobilized on POD0. Patients were categorized into the following 4 mobilization groups: sat on the bedside (Sat), stood by the bed or walked in place (Stood), walked in the room (Room) and walked in the hall (Hall). The primary outcome was length of stay. Predictors of farther mobilization on POD0 and length of stay were identified using regression analyses. RESULTS: The sample comprised 283 patients. The Hall group had significantly shorter length of stay than all other groups. There were sex differences across the mobilization groups. Simultaneous regression analysis showed that farther mobilization was predicted by younger age, male sex, lower body mass index, spinal anesthesia and fewer symptoms limiting mobilization. Hierarchical regression showed that shorter length of stay was predicted by male sex, lower body mass index, lower American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification score, less pain/stiffness and farther mobilization on POD0. CONCLUSION: Understanding the modifiable and nonmodifiable predictors of mobilization after TJA and length of stay can help identify patients more likely to mobilize farther on the day of surgery, which would contribute to better resource allocation and discharge planning. Focusing on symptom management could increase opportunities for farther mobilization on POD0 and thereby decrease length of stay.

CONTEXTE: La mobilisation le jour même d'une arthroplastie totale (AT) est associée à une durée d'hospitalisation réduite. Or, le lien entre l'ampleur de la mobilisation le jour de la chirurgie (jour postopératoire 0 [JPO0]) et la réduction de la durée d'hospitalisation n'a pas été largement étudié. La présente étude visait à déterminer si une mobilisation plus importante au JPO0 réduit la durée d'hospitalisation, de même qu'à repérer les facteurs prédictifs de mobilisation importante et de durée d'hospitalisation. MÉTHODES: Une analyse rétrospective a été menée à l'aide des dossiers de patients ayant subi une AT primaire et ayant été mobilisés au JPO0. Les patients ont été classés en 4 groupes en fonction de l'ampleur de leur mobilisation : assis au bord du lit (assis), debout à côté du lit ou marche sur place (debout), marche dans la chambre (chambre) et marche dans le couloir (couloir). Le principal résultat à l'étude était la durée d'hospitalisation. Les facteurs prédictifs de mobilisation importante au JPO0 et de durée d'hospitalisation ont été dégagés au moyen d'analyses de régression. RÉSULTATS: L'échantillon comprenait 283 patients. Le groupe couloir présentait une durée d'hospitalisation significativement plus courte que les autres. Des différences entre les sexes ont été observées dans tous les groupes. Selon une analyse de régression simultanée, les facteurs prédictifs de mobilisation importante étaient un jeune âge, le sexe masculin, un faible indice de masse corporelle, une anesthésie rachidienne et un nombre limité de symptômes nuisant à la mobilisation. Une analyse de régression hiérarchique a quant à elle montré que les facteurs prédictifs de durée hospitalisation réduite étaient le sexe masculin, un faible indice de masse corporelle, un faible score à la classification de l'état de santé physique de l'American Society of Anesthesiologists, une douleur ou des raideurs moindres, et une mobilisation importante au JPO0. CONCLUSION: La mise en évidence des facteurs prédictifs modifiables et non modifiables de mobilisation et de durée d'hospitalisation après une AT peut faciliter le repérage des patients susceptibles d'être davantage mobilisés, ce qui contribuerait à une meilleure allocation des ressources et faciliterait la planification des congés. Accorder une attention particulière au soulagement des symptômes pourrait accroître les occasions de mobilisation importante au JPO0 et, par conséquent, réduire la durée d'hospitalisation.

Knowledge and Knowledge Needs about Lyme Disease among Occupational and Recreational Users of the Outdoors.

As the prevalence of Lyme disease increases across Canada, it is imperative that the educational needs of at-risk groups be identified. The current study compared the level of knowledge and the knowledge needs about Lyme disease among individuals that spend time outdoors for work and for recreational purposes. Between December 2018 and February 2019, a survey was distributed to outdoor organizations across New Brunswick, Canada. Within the current sample of 137 individuals, 36% spent time outdoors for their occupation and 64% for recreational activities. Results showed no significant difference between these groups with regard to their level of knowledge, perceived efficacy and performance of various methods of prevention, and educational needs. Overall, the entire sample reported a low level of knowledge about Lyme disease. Participants perceived each prevention behavior to be at least somewhat effective, and behaviors perceived to be more effective were more likely to be carried out, but the performance of the behaviors varied. The most frequently performed behaviors included wearing long pants and protective footwear. Participants identified several aspects of Lyme disease about which they would like to have more information. The findings call attention to the specific needs of at-risk groups that must be considered when developing educational interventions.

Parenting When Children Have Lyme Disease: Fear, Frustration, Advocacy.

Increasing numbers of Canadians, including children and adolescents, are being infected with Borrelia burgdorferi and contracting Lyme disease. In the present study, we provided a qualitative analysis of written correspondence produced by 23 parents of children and adolescents with Lyme disease. The goal of this study was to investigate how medical and psychological issues were highlighted by parents describing their family's Lyme disease experiences. The results suggest a series of four stages in these families where satisfactory treatment had not been obtained over months or years. The experiences of parents evolved from feelings of worry for the child to frustration with the lack of a helpful treatment, to mistrust of physicians' actions, and, in some case, to a rejection of the conventional health care system as a whole. Improved diagnostic testing and treatment guidelines, as well as family-centered practices of medical care were proposed as important features for improving the experiences of families living with Lyme disease.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Hospital Pharmacy Staff in Canada Regarding Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD).

BACKGROUND: In February 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that it was unconstitutional to prohibit physicians from assisting in a patient's consensual death, thereby setting the groundwork for the legalization of medical assistance in dying (MAiD). Much of the research on this topic has focused on physicians, although other health care professionals will be involved in the process, including pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy assistants. In many provinces, the medications required for MAiD will be dispensed from hospital pharmacies, which will result in direct involvement of hospital pharmacy staff. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of hospital pharmacy staff in Canada regarding MAiD. The secondary objective was to determine the factors that might influence those opinions. METHODS: A 34-question web-based survey was available for 6 weeks during early 2017 to hospital pharmacy staff throughout Canada. For most questions, responses were based on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree". Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 1040 valid survey responses were received: 607 from pharmacists, 273 from pharmacy technicians, and 160 from pharmacy assistants. Most respondents were supportive of MAiD; however, nearly all respondents (99% [601/607] of pharmacists, 73% [315/431] of technicians and assistants]) reported lacking comprehensive education on the topic. Despite high levels of overall support, pharmacists tended to be less supportive of MAiD than pharmacy technicians or assistants. Factors that influenced opinions included strong religious beliefs, region, and knowledge of provincial and federal legislation. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of respondents, particularly technicians and assistants, were supportive of MAiD, but most respondents lacked education about the topic.

CONTEXTE: En février 2015, la Cour suprême du Canada a statué qu'il était inconstitutionnel d'interdire aux médecins d'aider les patients à mourir par consentement, ce qui a jeté les bases de la légalisation de l'aide médicale à mourir (AMAM). Une grande partie de la recherche sur le sujet était axée sur les médecins, malgré le fait que d'autres professionnels de la santé seront appelés à participer au processus, notamment les pharmaciens, les techniciens en pharmacie et les aides-pharmaciens. Dans bien des provinces, les médicaments nécessaires à l'AMAM proviendront des pharmacies hospitalières, ce qui résultera en la participation directe du personnel de pharmacie hospitalière. OBJECTIFS: L'objectif principal visait à examiner les connaissances et l'attitude du personnel de pharmacie hospitalière au Canada relativement à l'AMAM. L'objectif secondaire était de découvrir les facteurs pouvant influencer les avis du personnel sur le sujet. MÉTHODES: Pendant six semaines, au début de 2017, un sondage en ligne de 34 questions était à la disposition du personnel de pharmacie hospitalière de partout au Canada. Inspirés de l'échelle de Likert à cinq points, les choix de réponse à la plupart des questions s'étendaient de « fortement d'accord ¼ à « fortement en désaccord ¼. Des statistiques descriptives et par inférence ont servi à analyser les données. RÉSULTATS: Des 1040 réponses valables, 607 provenaient de pharmaciens, 273 de techniciens en pharmacie et 160 d'aides-pharmaciens. La plupart des répondants étaient en faveur de l'AMAM. Cependant, près de l'ensemble des répondants (99 % [601/607] des pharmaciens et 73 % [315/431] des techniciens et des aides) ont signalé ne pas posséder une connaissance suffisante du sujet. Malgré le degré élevé de soutien apporté par l'ensemble des personnes interrogées, l'appui des pharmaciens à l'AMAM tendait à être plus faible que celui des techniciens en pharmacie ou des aides-pharmaciens. Parmi les facteurs propres à influencer les avis des répondants, on trouvait les croyances religieuses fortes, la provenance géographique et la connaissance des lois provinciales et fédérales. CONCLUSIONS: La majorité des répondants, particulièrement les techniciens et les aides, était en faveur de l'AMAM, mais la plupart des répondants ne possédaient pas une connaissance suffisante du sujet.

Developing a surgeon-patient communication checklist for total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a well-established surgical procedure with high rates of clinical success, yet up to 20% of patients are dissatisfied with their outcomes. Surgeon-patient communication is an important contributor to patient satisfaction, particularly in the area of setting or resetting postoperative expectations that are reasonable and achievable for individual patients. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present research was to develop a communication checklist for surgeons to use with their patients, to enhance communication in order better to manage postoperative expectations and increase patient satisfaction with TKA. METHODS: Content analysis was used to identify a preliminary list of checklist items from audio-recorded interviews of eight patients who were between 6 weeks and 6 months of their recovery from TKA. Patients identified eight issues for which more information was desired. The proportion of mentions for each topic was calculated, and chi-square tests assessed the distribution and pattern of the categories mentioned across groups of patients. RESULTS: Certain topics were used significantly more often than others. Age and employment status, but not gender, affected which topics were mentioned more often. The final categories for the checklist included pain management, physiotherapy, medication and general outcome information. CONCLUSION: An in-depth analysis of patient experiences of recovering from TKA was the foundation of this research. The result was a checklist that creates a potential new avenue for increasing patient satisfaction by improving surgeon-patient communication. The research described here could extend to any other type of intervention in which understanding patient expectations and increasing patient satisfaction is the goal.

Total Knee Arthroplasty Communication Checklist Increases Patient Satisfaction.

BACKGROUND: Satisfaction with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is correlated with the fulfillment of expectations. Good surgeon-patient communication impacts how expectations are formed and managed. The TKA communication checklist was developed to help surgeons better understand and manage patients' postoperative expectations in order to increase satisfaction with TKA. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, mean satisfaction scores of a standard of care communication group and a checklist intervention group were compared. The duration of postoperative follow-up appointments was also assessed to determine whether the checklist took significantly more time in practice. RESULTS: Sixty patients received the checklist in TKA appointments with surgeons between 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively and their satisfaction ratings were compared with 67 patients who had received the standard of care communication. The checklist group reported higher satisfaction on overall TKA satisfaction and expectations met (P = .02), care and concern shown by the surgeon (P = .01), surgeons' communication ability (P = .01), and satisfaction with time spent in follow-ups (P < .001). Satisfaction with relief from pain and return to function was not significant (P = .06). More time was spent in the checklist groups' follow-ups, with a mean difference of 1 minute, 51 seconds (P = .001). CONCLUSION: The TKA communication checklist significantly improved patients' satisfaction across multiple dimensions. This has practical significance because patient satisfaction is increasingly used as a key performance indicator for surgeons and healthcare institutions alike. Increased TKA satisfaction will benefit patients, surgeons, and the healthcare system overall.

Nursing Homes Without Walls for Aging in Place.

ABSTRACTGiven the urgency of finding cost-effective and innovative solutions to providing community services for aging in place, novel solutions that take advantage of existing infrastructure are clearly needed. In this sequential mixed-method study, we chose to explore the role that nursing homes could play in offering services to a non-traditional target population, namely seniors with loss of independence living in the community. Forty-two (n = 42) nursing homes in the province of New Brunswick completed an online survey, and 10 agreed to participate in face-to-face interviews. Results show that 100 per cent of participants agreed that nursing homes could offer services to seniors in their communities for aging in place. Results suggest that nursing homes are cost-effective, innovative solutions for aging in place.

Motivations and Experiences of Canadians Seeking Treatment for Lyme Disease Outside of the Conventional Canadian Health-Care System.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the experiences of Canadians who seek diagnosis and treatment for Lyme disease outside of the conventional Canadian health-care system. METHODS: Forty-five individuals who had sought treatment for Lyme disease outside of the conventional Canadian health-care system were recruited from Lyme support and advocacy groups across Canada to answer open-ended questions about their experiences. RESULTS: Respondents sought treatment outside of the conventional medical system due to extensive diagnostic procedures and treatments that did not resolve symptoms. Escalating health concerns, lack of effective treatment, and stigma produced a sense of abandonment and desperation. Respondents accessed alternative forms of care based on the recommendations of peers, yet considerable financial and emotional stress was experienced. CONCLUSIONS: Many individuals with Lyme or Lyme-like diseases are deeply dissatisfied with the care received within the conventional Canadian health-care system and therefore felt both pushed and pulled to seek treatments either from international physicians using different treatment protocols or from alternative medicine providers in Canada.

Self-Management of Adherence to Prescribed Stimulants in College Students With ADD/ADHD.

OBJECTIVE: We examined how college students manage ADHD medication and how beliefs regarding the medication and attitudes of friends and families influence adherence on weekdays and weekends during an academic semester. METHOD: Undergraduate students ( n = 53) responded to an online survey to report their adherence, their beliefs about the effects of the medication, and their perception of important others' views of adherence. RESULTS: Students chose to take more medication on weekdays than weekends. On weekdays, beliefs that the medications enhance academic performance and social skills influenced adherence, and on weekends, beliefs regarding negative side effects were important. The perception that medication leads to a loss of authentic self reduced adherence at both times. Generally, students believed that important others wanted them to take medication. CONCLUSION: Students were actively weighing the costs and benefits of taking their ADHD medication and consciously adjusting adherence levels from day to day.

Hoping for the Best or Planning for the Future: Decision Making and Future Care Needs.

Research has shown that relatively few older adults make plans for future care needs. In this study, we explore the thinking processes involved in planning or failing to plan for the future. Interviews were carried out with 39 older adults ( M age = 81 years) who were experiencing disability and illness but who lived in their own home. Guiding questions for the interview focused on present living circumstances, but for the present qualitative analysis, all references to the future, and to future residence changes, were extracted. This approach allowed us to observe how older adults spontaneously address issues of future planning when not constrained to do so. Results supported the use of a positivity bias, as well as a risk-aversive decision-making style. These older adults seemed to be prioritizing present emotional well-being by avoiding thoughts of future risks and thereby eschewing proactive coping.

Aging and orthopedics: how a lifespan development model can inform practice and research.

Orthopedic surgical care, like all health care today, is in flux owing to an aging population and to chronic medical conditions leading to an increased number of people with illnesses that need to be managed over the lifespan. The result is an ongoing shift from curing acute illnesses to the management and care of chronic illness and conditions. Theoretical models that provide a useful and feasible vision for the future of health care and health care research are needed. This review discusses how the lifespan development model used in some disciplines within the behavioural sciences can be seen as an extension of the biopsychosocial model. We posit that the lifespan development model provides useful perspectives for both orthopedic care and research. We present key concepts and recommendations, and we discuss how the lifespan development model can contribute to new and evolving perspectives on orthopedic outcomes and to new directions for research. We also offer practical guidelines on how to implement the model in orthopedic practice.

Comme tous les soins de santé, les soins orthopédiques sont en pleine évolution. En raison du vieillissement de la population et de la prévalence des maladies chroniques, un nombre accru de personnes sont en effet atteintes d'affections qui doivent être prises en charge pour le reste de leur vie. Résultat : une transition graduelle du traitement des maladies aiguës vers la prise en charge de maladies et d'affections chroniques. Il est donc essentiel de mettre au point des modèles théoriques offrant une vision utile et réaliste de l'avenir des soins de santé et de la recherche dans ce domaine. La présente revue examine en quoi le modèle développemental du cours de la vie utilisé par certaines disciplines des sciences du comportement peut être vu comme une extension du modèle biopsychosocial. Nous posons comme hypothèse que le modèle développemental du cours de la vie propose des perspectives utiles à la fois pour les soins orthopédiques et pour la recherche dans ce domaine. Nous présentons des concepts et des recommandations clés et nous nous penchons sur la contribution potentielle de ce modèle à l'apparition et à l'évolution de nouvelles perspectives quant aux résultats en orthopédie ainsi qu'à l'élaboration de nouvelles orientations de recherche. Enfin, nous formulons des lignes directrices sur l'implantation du modèle dans la pratique orthopédique.

Opinions of Hospital Pharmacists in Canada Regarding Marijuana for Medical Purposes.

BACKGROUND: Canada's most recent Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations have changed the way in which patients access marijuana. Furthermore, if authorized by the person in charge of the hospital, a pharmacist practising in a hospital may now place orders with licensed producers for dried marijuana for in-hospital use by patients. As use of this product increases, hospital pharmacists may have an increased role in the care of patients who are using marijuana for medical purposes. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to determine the opinions of hospital pharmacists in Canada regarding marijuana for medical purposes. The secondary objective was to assess the factors influencing these opinions. METHODS: An online survey was made available in early 2015 to licensed hospital pharmacists in Canada through individual provincial and territorial pharmacy regulatory bodies, pharmacist associations, hospital pharmacy directors, the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists, and the Association des pharmaciens des établissements de santé du Québec. Responses were based on a 5-point Likert style scale, ranging from "completely agree" to "completely disagree". RESULTS: A total of 769 valid survey responses were received. Among the respondents, 44.6% (333/747) agreed that marijuana is safe, whereas 55.2% (411/745) agreed that it is effective. Only 17.2% (129/748) agreed that they were knowledgeable about marijuana for medical purposes, and about 65% of respondents reported no formal training in this area. Factors that influenced respondents' opinions were age, education, area of clinical practice, province of work, and personal experience. CONCLUSION: Many Canadian hospital pharmacists agreed that marijuana for medical purposes is safe and effective, yet few considered themselves knowledgeable about this substance, with more than half reporting no formal training on the topic.

CONTEXTE: Le Règlement sur la marihuana à des fins médicales récemment mis en vigueur au Canada a changé la façon dont les patients ont accès à ce produit. En outre, s'il est autorisé à le faire par la personne à qui est confiée la charge de l'hôpital, le pharmacien qui exerce dans un hôpital peut maintenant commander auprès de producteurs autorisés de la marihuana séchée destinée à une personne qui reçoit un traitement comme patient hospitalisé. Au fur et à mesure qu'augmente l'utilisation de cet agent, les pharmaciens d'hôpitaux pourraient avoir un rôle plus important à jouer dans les soins aux patients qui consomment de la marihuana à des fins médicales. OBJECTIFS: L'objectif principal de la présente étude était de sonder l'opinion des pharmaciens d'hôpitaux du Canada sur la question de la marihuana à des fins médicales. Le second objectif était d'évaluer les facteurs qui influencent leur opinion. MÉTHODES: Un sondage en ligne a été mis à la disposition des pharmaciens d'hôpitaux du Canada avec la participation des organismes provinciaux et territoriaux de réglementation de la pharmacie, des associations de pharmaciens, des directeurs de pharmacie hospitalière, de la Société canadienne des pharmaciens d'hôpitaux et de l'Association des pharmaciens des établissements de santé du Québec. Inspirés de l'échelle de Likert à cinq points, les choix de réponse s'étendaient de « fortement en accord ¼ à « fortement en désaccord ¼. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 769 réponses valides au sondage ont été obtenues. Parmi les répondants, 44,6 % (333/747) ont affirmé que la marihuana est sécuritaire et 55,2 % (411/745) ont déclaré qu'elle est efficace. Seuls 17.2 % (129/748) ont affirmé être renseignés sur l'utilisation de la marihuana à des fins médicales et environ 65 % ont indiqué n'avoir aucune formation officielle sur le sujet. L'âge du pharmacien, sa formation, son domaine de pratique clinique, sa province d'exercice et son expérience personnelle étaient des facteurs influençant son opinion. CONCLUSION: Bon nombre de pharmaciens hospitaliers canadiens ont affirmé que l'utilisation de la marihuana à des fins médicales est sécuritaire et efficace. Or, peu considéraient être renseignés à propos de ce produit et plus de la moitié ont indiqué n'avoir aucune formation officielle sur le sujet.

[The influence of minority sociolinguistic context on home support for seniors in a rural devitalized area: the case of Acadieville New Brunswick]. / L'influence du contexte sociolinguistique minoritaire sur le maintien à domicile des aînés en milieu rural dévitalisé: le cas d'Acadieville au Nouveau-Brunswick.

New Brunswick is one of the provinces most affected by the aging of the population. Moreover, aging at home in Francophone minority communities is a major challenge in rural areas. The goal of this paper is to identify the main advantages and disadvantages of aging at home and to expose organizational strategies deployed by seniors and their families in order to promote aging in place. The case study is the method of analysis that we have recommended. Our methodology is based on content analysis of 13 semi-structured interviews with seniors and their children. The results show that family and community support, resourcefulness and resiliency, the practice of leisure activities as well as the living environment are among the principal means used by older adults to promote aging at home.