[Actual strategies for preventing type-1 diabetes: international literature review].

The exact etiology and mechanisms that trigger the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) are not conclusively studied. However, there is increasing scientific evidence that damage to pancreatic islet cells (ß-cells) in genetically predisposed individuals is initiated by environmental factors. Currently, the main tactic of DM1 treatment at the stage of clinical manifestations is based on insulin replacement therapy. The introduction of modern insulin drugs and devices for its delivery, as well as continuous glucose monitoring systems into medical practice does not relieve patients from the need to take this hormone for life. Therefore, the development of methods to prevent DM1 remains the main task of diabetes research. The purpose of this article was to review current preventive strategies aimed at preventing or stopping the progression of DM1 in high-risk individuals. This article was prepared based on a review of current publications from the PubMed bibliographic database. The article discusses strategies targeting environmental triggers, methods to regulate the immune response using current cellular approaches and novel autoantigens, as well as off-target effects of the BCG vaccine and general principles of personalized prevention.

[GENE THERAPY: HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT STATE (LITERATURE REVIEW)].

The article provides a brief overview of the history of gene therapy from its inception to the present. It describes the main events that characterize the periods of history of the formation of this therapeutic direction in medicine; the basis achievements and problems of each periods. It lists the main gene therapy drugs that licensed at different times listed; innovative gene therapy technologies, which are now use in clinical practice or are still at the stage of approbation. The article is a review of publications from the Scopus and PubMed and official information from public Internet sources.