The Greuter Herbarium in Palermo: An Inventory of Its Type Specimens Available Online, with Some Thoughts on Type Terminology (Occasional Papers from the Herbarium Greuter, N° 5).

The separately stored type herbarium of the Herbarium Greuter in Palermo is comprised of 339 sheets, corresponding to 336 specimens pertaining to 328 different names. Material from the Mediterranean area, especially Greece, predominates, followed by that from the Caribbean (Cuba) and Australia. The list includes transcribed label data and links to the digital specimen images and to the protologue texts. A new type of terminology is introduced, with the terms "first-step holotype" and "second-step holotype" designating type categories parallel to the similar terms already in use for lectotypes, and the phrase "detailed here" is used as an equivalent to "designated here" in second-step typification.

A note on the type of Harpalyce (Fabaceae, Brongniartieae), with description of two new local endemic species from Cuba.

Two new species of Harpalyce are described from Cuba, H.revolutasp. nov. from a serpentine area in the northern part of E. Cuba and H.marianensissp. nov. from calcareous areas in the southern part of E. Cuba. Both have relatively small flowers, with an up to 6 mm long standard, and 2-3 mm long wings. Harpalycemarianensis is further characterized by strongly suberous (corky) young branches of a spongy consistence, deeply furrowed longitudinally, and by leaflets covered with a particular type of orange, apparently disk-shaped, sessile glands abaxially. Harpalycerevoluta, moreover, has suborbicular or broadly elliptic leaflets with a strongly recurved or sometimes revolute margin, secondary veins inconspicuous on either side; the foliar glands, by their morphology and anatomy, are of a different type. An epitype is designated for the name Harpalyce and its type, H.formosa; the distribution of both new species and their close relatives is mapped, and an updated identification key is offered, to cater for all 16 currently recognised Cuban species.

ResumenSe describen dos nuevas especies de Harpalyce para Cuba oriental, H.revolutasp. nov. de las áreas de serpentina del norte y H.marianensissp. nov. de áreas de formaciones calcáreas del sur. Ambas se caracterizan por tener flores pequeñas, con estandarte de hasta 6 mm de largo y alas de hasta 3 mm de largo. Harpalycemarianensis se distingue además por sus ramas jóvenes fuertemente suberosas, de consistencia esponjosa, profundamente surcadas longitudinalmente, y los folíolos cubiertos abaxialmente por un tipo particular de glándulas sésiles anaranjadas. Harpalycerevoluta, por su parte, tiene folíolos suborbiculares o anchamente ovales, con margen fuertemente recurvado o hasta revoluto, con venas secundarias inconspicuas en ambas caras, y glándulas foliares, por su morphología y anatomía, son de un tipo distinto. Se designa un epitipo para el nombre Harpalyce y su tipo, H.formosa. Se presenta un mapa de distribución de las nuevas especies y las relacionadas con ellas y se ofrece una clave de identificación actualizada, que incluye las 16 especies cubanas actualmente reconocidas.

On a noteworthy habitat type in the savannahs of Central Cuba and a remarkable new species of Elytraria (Acanthaceae).

A peculiar habitat type found in the savannahs of Central Cuba, Villa Clara Province and characterised by the presence of a surface gravel layer of "perdigones", an assemblage of small ferralitic concretions, upon the "mocarrero" soil prevailing in the area, is described. On sterile gravel patches, only one species grows: Elytraria serpens, a new species described and named here. It is noteworthy for possessing long and wide creeping, stoloniform subterranean peduncles with apical gemmae developing into rooting leaf rosettes enabling vegetative propagation. The new species is close to E. shaferi and considered to derive from the latter by adaptive evolution, enabling it to survive in its hostile habitat, sheltered from the competition of other plant species. Small soil insects, for example, ants, are believed to act as pollinators.

ResumenSe describe un hábitat particular encontrado en la provincia Villa Clara, caracterizado por la presencia de una capa superficial de perdigones (pequeñas concreciones ferralíticas) que recubre el suelo mocarrero de aquella área. En los parches estériles con grava solo crece Elytraria serpens, nueva especie aquí descrita, notable por tener pedúnculos subterráneos largamente rastreros y reproducirse vegetativamente por yemas apicales que forman rosetas satélites que luego se enraízan. La nueva especie es afín a E. shaferi y se considera derivada de esta por evolución adaptativa, permitiéndole la colonización de un hábitat desfavorable, abrigada de la competencia de otras especies vegetales. Se opina probable la polinización por pequeños insectos terrícolas, p. ej. hormigas.

Taxa and names in Cynoglossum sensu lato (Boraginaceae, Cynoglosseae): an annotated, synonymic inventory, with links to the protologues and mention of original material.

BACKGROUND: An inventory is presented of all names so far validly published in Cynoglossum sensu lato and its segregate genera: Adelocaryum, Afrotysonia, Kuschakewiczia, Lindelofia, Mattiastrum, Paracaryum, Rindera, Solenanthus, Trachelanthus, and their synonyms. Names and designations that were not validly published in the cited place, and later isonyms, are accounted for when they have been included in the International Plant Name Index (IPNI). Problems with IPNI entries, including errors and omissions, are discussed, and the hope is expressed that the present inventory may be of use for fixing them. NEW INFORMATION: The inventory, generated from a list of structured data, is presented in two Supplements, as a searchable HTML document comprising a sequence of entries with internal cross-links and links to external sources, in particular to protologues accessible online or, copyright restrictions permitting, made available as scanned documents via DOIs, and as machine-readible file. With minor exceptions, all names have been verified in their original place of publication, and all were nomenclaturally assessed. Colour coding is used to distinguish between names (in green) pertaining to Cynoglossum sensu lato, for which complete synonymies are provided; and names (in orange) pertaining to other genera but published under Cynoglossum or its segregates. They are listed together with their basionym and the corresponding correct name (if it exists), but without complete synonymy. Acceptable, potentially correct names appear in bold-face type, both under a broadly defined Cynoglossum (for which purpose validation of 81 new combinations and the name of 1 new species was necessary) and under one or more of its segregates. When a name was published for a new taxon, original material is indicated, usually by direct quotation from the protologue. New type designations are exceptional (two cases), whereas former type designations are cited whenever known. Furthermore, types and original specimens, especially when their digital images are available online, are mentioned with their locations and accession numbers. Comments are added whenever appropriate, especially to explain nomenclatural assessments that are not self-evident.

Biological nomenclature terms for facilitating communication in the naming of organisms.

A set of terms recommended for use in facilitating communication in biological nomenclature is presented as a table showing broadly equivalent terms used in the traditional Codes of nomenclature. These terms are intended to help those engaged in naming across organism groups, and are the result of the work of the International Committee on Bionomenclature, whose aim is to promote harmonisation and communication amongst those naming life on Earth.

A new Australian species of Luffa (Cucurbitaceae) and typification of two Australian Cucumis names, all based on specimens collected by Ferdinand Mueller in 1856.

As a result of his botanical explorations in northern Australia, Ferdinand von Mueller named several Cucurbitaceae that molecular data now show to be distinct, requiring their resurrection from unjustified synonymy. We here describe and illustrate Luffa saccata F. Muell. ex I.Telford, validating a manuscript name listed under Luffa graveolens Roxb. since 1859, and we lectotypify Cucumis picrocarpus F. Muell. and Cucumis jucundus F. Muell. The lectotype of the name Cucumis jucundus, a synonym of Cucumis melo, is mounted on the same sheet as the lectotype of Cucumis picrocarpus, which is the sister species of the cultivated Cucumis melo as shown in a recent publication.