School-Based Exercise Programs for Promoting Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Overweight and Obese Children Aged 6 to 10.

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the school-based exercise programs for promoting cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese children aged 6 to 10. Electronic databases (Web of Science and PubMed) were used as searching tools for collecting adequate studies published in the past 20 years. A total of 13 studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review, with a total of 2810 participants, both male and female. According to the results of this systematic review, overweight and obese children aged 6 to 10 who underwent certain interventions had their CRF improved. Furthermore, evidence suggested that interventions carried out during a longer period of time suggested led to greater improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness than a shorter one, but the level of cardiorespiratory fitness gradually decreases after the intervention.

The Positive Effects of Running on Mental Health.

Working as a team with patients who are also recreational runners and managing a running school in the City of Mostar had made us thinking on how recreational running affects the mental health in individuals. Previous literature is pretty old dated, so we found this even more interesting. We have wondered why there is no more recent literature on this subject. So, while working on this mini review and discussing on this subjects we came up with an idea on a research about self esteem and life quality of individuals pre and post running school experience. Previous studies show that consistent running results in a number of positive psychological changes among diverse populations. In a study of Kenneth E.C. ordinary nonprofessional runners were surveyed about the psychological aspects of running. Many of the respondents had started running to improve their health, and almost all noted mental and emotional benefits including relief of tension, improved self-image, and better mood. Considering therapeutic effects of running Greist et al. define running as not expensive, and unlike sorne other treatments, it has beneficiai physical side effects. Their results compare favorably with those of patients in psychotherapy and have persisted for at !east one year in follow-up. Taking in mind all of the previously published research it can be concluded that running can be a therapeutic tool for a sereies of negative psychological conditions, such ass depression, anxieta, tension, mood changes, low self esteem etc. Although, these research are a few decades old there is still no recipe or dosage for running, especially in the area of physical ilness prevention. There is much to research and to be discovered in this field.

Early results of the conservative treatment of distal radius fractures-immobilization of the wrist in dorsal versus palmar flexion.

Aim To evaluate immobilization with dorsal forearm plaster splint with the wrist in dorsal flexion vs palmar flexion in patients with distal radius fracture. Methods In the prospective study (2012-2014) 122 patients (of which 22 patients lost) with fractures of the distal radius type A2, A3 and C according to the AO classification were investigated. At the end there were 50 patients in each of the two groups: the dorsiflexion (DF) group had a total of 37 women and 13 men, mean age was 63.48 ± 14.70, and in the palmar flexion (PF) group there were respectively 38/12, and the mean age was 64.20 ± 12.99. In both groups measurements of radiological, clinical and functional parameters were conducted. Patient related wrist evaluation survey (PRWE) and SF12 questionnaire were used for evaluation of pain and function of the wrist and physical and mental condition, respectively. Results The study showed excellent results in both groups but there was significant improvement in the range of motion (ROM) on every measurement in the DF group: dorsal flexion 47.70±15.29; ulnar deviation 24.10±7.80; radial deviation 11.50±5.65 vs PF 22.80±19.04; 16.00± 9.31; 4.80± 494 (p<0.001). Also, radiological parameters showed significant improvement until the end of the follow-up. Functional parameters showed significant improvement of physical component of SF-12 in the DF group (p<0.014). Conclusion Immobilization with forearm plaster splint on the dorsal side and with the wrist in dorsiflexion gives better early clinical, radiological and functional results in patients with fractures of type A2, A3, C1-3 in patients of all age groups, compared to immobilization with the wrist in palmar flexion.

Surgical Treatment of Moderate Hallux Valgus: A Comparison of Distal Chevron Metatarsal Osteotomy With and Without Lateral Soft-Tissue Release.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine whether lateral soft-tissue release (LSTR) has a beneficial or detrimental effect on the outcome of distal Chevron first metatarsal osteotomy (DCMO) in the treatment of moderate hallux valgus (HV). METHODS: We compared the effect of different surgical treatments in 2 groups of patients: group I (23 patients, 25 feet, average age of 55 [from 43 to 77] years) was subjected to DCMO only, whereas group II (18 patients, 23 feet, average age of 59 [from 52 to 70] years]) was subjected to DCMO with LSTR. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society's Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal scale survey was conducted postoperatively, followed by the brief survey on postoperative patient satisfaction. The patient follow-up period was from 18 to 24 months after surgical treatment, on average. RESULTS: After surgical intervention, both groups of patients presented with an improved HV angle, but there was no significant difference between the groups. However, group II showed significant improvements in medial sesamoid bone position and patient satisfaction scores as compared with group I. CONCLUSION: Our midterm follow-up of surgical treatments for moderate HV deformity suggests that both procedures provide good postoperative results. However, according to our results, DCMO with LSTR provides better results than procedures without LSTR. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level III: Retrospective comparative study.

Intercondylar notch width and inner angle of lateral femoral condyle as the risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury in female handball players in Herzegovina.

The principal purpose of this prospective study was to examine intercondylar notch size and the value of inner angle of lateral femoral condyle as the risk factors for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament ACL injury and than to correlate them to the physical values of the athletes such as body mass index (BMI), hight, wight, etc. There are indentified two type of risk factors, external include shoes-surface interaction, type of playing surface, weather conditions and internal include anatomic, neuromuscular, biomechanical and hormonal factors that may predispose female athlets to noncontact injury of ACL. Among anatomic factors, intercondylar notch stenosis and larger inner angle of lateral condyle of femur as the factors which can cause impigement of ACL, were related to an increased risk of injury of ACL. In this study were included 51 female athlete. In the study group there were 24 female handball players with ACL tear and in control group there were 27 female handball players without any type of injury of the knee, who are practicing handball on a daily basis for at least for two years. In the first step, were gathered clinical data performed by orthopaedic surgeon. In the second step, the femoral notch width and the inner angle of lateral condyle of femur were measured on coronal MR-images. Study has shown that value of inner angle of lateral condyle of femur was significantly higher in athletes with ACL tear compared to those without. Value of width of intercondylar notch was statisticaly smaller in athletes with ACL tear, compared to those without. In the conclusion the inner angle of lateral femoral condyle is better predicting factor for ACL tear in young female handball players compared to intercondylar notch width.

Bone fractures in a 53-year-old patient with parathyroid adenoma--a case report.

The study reports a case of primary hyperparathyroidism in a middle-aged patient who was first admitted for persistent ankle pain and local swelling. The subsequent clinical procedures suggested cystic changes in several leg bones, which were later shown to be caused by the parathyroid adenoma. Clinical presentation of the primary hyperparathyroidism can be highly misleading, sometimes causing various clinical procedures before it is certainly diagnosed.