Experimental and theoretical studies on the molecular properties of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, sparfloxacin, and gatifloxacin in determining bioavailability.

The aim of this investigation is to identify, by in silico and in vitro methods, the molecular determinants, e.g., solubility in an aqueous medium and lipophilic properties, which have an effect on the bioavailability of five selected fluoroquinolones. These properties were estimated by analysis of the electrostatic potential pattern and values of free energy of solvation as well as the partition coefficients of the studied compounds. The study is based on theoretical quantum-chemical methods and a simple experimental shake-flask technique with two immiscible phases, n-octanol and phosphate buffer. The solvation free energy values of compounds in both environments appeared to be negative. The wide range of electrostatic potential from negative to positive demonstrates the presence of dipole-dipole intermolecular interactions, while the high electron density at various sites indicates the possibility of hydrogen bond formation with solvent molecules. High partition coefficient values, obtained by summing the atomic contributions, did not take various correction factors into account and therefore were not accurate. Theoretical partition coefficient values based on more accurate algorithms, which included these correction factors (fragmental methods), yielded more accurate values. Theoretical methods are useful tools for predicting the bioavailability of fluoroquinolones.

[Evaluation of fear and analysis of personality structure of women at risk for premature and after term labor]. / Ocena leku oraz analiza struktury osobowosci kobiet zagrozonych porodem przedwczesnym oraz porodem po terminie.

Psychological studies were performed in 57 pregnant women at risk for premature labour and 36 at risk for after term labour. The level of fear was evaluated using the Spielberger STAI questionnaire. The structure of fear and restlessness was studied using the R.B. Cattell's five factor Self-estimation Sheet. The analysis of personality structure was performed on the basis of results of the MMPI-WISKAD test. In the patients in both studied groups, groups an increased level of situational and persistent fear was found. Women at risk for premature labour are characterized by higher level of fear of neurotic character resulting from disharmonious personality. In women delivered after term the fear is of reactive character. Women at risk for after term labour are characterized by a higher degree of personality integration and more effective ability to control fear. Women at risk for premature labour are characterized by disharmonious personality and simultaneously they use more primitive protective mechanisms. Women delivered after term are characterized by higher degree of personality integration and more effective ability to control fear.

[Clinical aspects of peritonitis after cesarean section]. / Niektóre aspekty kliniczne zapalenia otrzewnej po cieciu cesarskim.

Caesarean sections complicated with peritonitis were analysed in a period of 10 years. In the whole group of 2238 caesarean sections done in the years 1977-1986 peritonitis developed in 8 cases (0.36%). In this group total or supracervical hysterectomy was done between the 4th and the 7th days of puerperium. Diagnostic difficulties in puerperal peritonitis and advantages of early surgical intervention for saving the life of the women in puerperium are stressed.

[Influence of betamethasone on glucose consumption in the human placenta perfused in vitro]. / Badania nad wplywem betametazonu na zuzycie glukozy w warunkach perfuzji pozaustrojowej lozyska ludzkiego.

The study was carried out on 48 human placentas perfused in vitro. Betamethasone was administered into the arterial systems in the following single doses: 0.4 mg, 2 mg and 10 mg. The authors found a highly significant or statistically insignificant decreased glucose consumption after administering each dose of betamethasone and at all times of the experiment. The phenomenon of a decrease in glucose consumption was attributed to an increased gluconeogenesis and releasing glucose from placental glycogen. The action of betamethasone consisting in supplying an increased amount of glucose is of great importance in the process of maturing fetal lungs in the uterus and in states threatening the fetus.

[Influence of betamethasone on the vascular resistance in human placenta perfused in vitro]. / Wplyw betametazonu na opór naczyniowy lozyska ludzkiego perfundowanego in vitro.

The study was carried out on 48 human placentas perfused in vitro. Betamethasone was administered into the arterial system in the following single doses: 0.4 mg, 2 mg, 10 mg. It was found that betamethasone decreases the pressure of perfusion in different ways depending on the dose. A statistically significant decrease in perfusion pressure was observed in 30th minute of the experiment after administering 2 mg while a dose of 10 mg induced a significant perfusion pressure in 30th and 60th minute of the experiment. The relaxation of the blood vessels of the placenta under the influence of betamethasone was attributed to the action of dopamine on the dopaminergic receptors of the vessels and glucocorticoids modifying this action. The results of the experiments point to a positive action of betamethasone on the blood vessels of human placenta.

[Consumption of glucose under the influence of propranolol in human placentas perfused in vitro]. / Zuzycie glukozy pod wplywem propranololu w lozyskach ludzkich perfundowanych in vitro.

The consumption of glucose under the influence of various doses of propranolol in human placentas perfused in vitro was evaluated every 30 minutes during a two-hour perfusion. In the experiment the authors did not find a significant influence of propranolol on the level of the glucose consumption. The authors found a fourfold differentiation of glucose consumption between particular placentas. In the experiment these values differed from 2.63 mumol/g/h to 10.27 mumol/g/h.

[Examination of urinary estrogens in the women with uterine myoma, cervical and ovarian carcinomas as compared with those found in the women with functional bleedings during climacterium (author's transl)]. / Badania estrogenów w moczu kobiet z miesniakami macicy, z rakiem szyjki macicy i z rakiem jajnika w odniesieniu do kobiet z krwawieniami czynnosciowymi okresu przekwitania

PIP: The excretion of uterine estrogens was examined in 61 women: 20 with functional bleedings during climacterium, 15 with uterine myoma, 16 with cerivcal carcinomas, and 10 with ovarian carcinomas. Results showed that there were considerable individual variations in estrogen excretion and anunvanlanced relationship of the fractions with estriol prevailing in all the groups. There was no significant difference in the amounts of estrogen excreted by women with funcional bleedings and those found in women with uterine myoma. Those women with cervical carcinoma did show considerably lower excretions than those of the other groups. The lowest level of excretion was found in those women with ovarian carcinoma. THese examinations did illustrate the considerable disturbances in the biosynthesis of estrogens in the ovaries of afflicted patients. The more advanced the condition, the more prominent the disturbances were, with imbalance of estriol prevailing.^ieng