Exploring time- and frequency- dependent functional connectivity and brain networks during deception with single-trial event-related potentials.

To better characterize the cognitive processes and mechanisms that are associated with deception, wavelet coherence was employed to evaluate functional connectivity between different brain regions. Two groups of subjects were evaluated for this purpose: 32 participants were required to either tell the truth or to lie when facing certain stimuli, and their electroencephalogram signals on 12 electrodes were recorded. The experimental results revealed that deceptive responses elicited greater connectivity strength than truthful responses, particularly in the θ band on specific electrode pairs primarily involving connections between the prefrontal/frontal and central regions and between the prefrontal/frontal and left parietal regions. These results indicate that these brain regions play an important role in executing lying responses. Additionally, three time- and frequency-dependent functional connectivity networks were proposed to thoroughly reflect the functional coupling of brain regions that occurs during lying. Furthermore, the wavelet coherence values for the connections shown in the networks were extracted as features for support vector machine training. High classification accuracy suggested that the proposed network effectively characterized differences in functional connectivity between the two groups of subjects over a specific time-frequency area and hence could be a sensitive measurement for identifying deception.

[Advanced Treatment of Effluent from Industrial Park Wastewater Treatment Plant by Ferrous Ion Activated Sodium Persulfate].

Fe(II) activated sodium persulfate (PS) technology was used for advanced treatment of effluent from industrial park wastewater treatment plant. Separate and combined effects of PS/COD, Fe(II)/PS and pH on COD and TOC removal were analyzed by the response surface methodology. Variations of organic substances before and after Fe(II)-PS oxidation were characterized by UV-Vis spectrometry, gel chromatography and three-dimensional fluorescence. PS/COD and Fe(II)/PS had significant effect on COD removal, while all the three factors had significant effect on TOC removal. The combined effect of PS/COD and pH had significant effect on COD removal. COD and TOC removal efficiencies reached 50.7% and 60.6% under optimized conditions of PS/COD 3.47, Fe(II)/PS 3.32 and pH 6.5. Fe(II)-PS oxidation converted macromolecular organic substances to small ones, and reduced contents of protein-, humic- and fulvic-like substances.

Antioxidant, anticancer and apoptotic effects of the Bupleurum chinense root extract in HO-8910 ovarian cancer cells.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticancer, apoptotic and antioxidant properties of Bupleurum chinense (B.C) root extract against human epithelial ovarian cancer cells (HO-8910) in vitro. METHODS: MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell viability of HO-8910 cells after treatment with different B.C extract doses. Apoptotic and morphological effects induced by the extract were demonstrated by inverted phase contrast microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The percentage of apoptotic cells was quantified by Annexin V/PI double staining assay. Flow cytometry using rhodamine-123 dye was used to measure disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Gel electrophoresis was used to study the effects of the extract on DNA fragmentation. The antioxidant activity of the extract using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays was also evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed that B.C extract could induce potent and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on the HO-8910 cells as demonstrated by MTT assay. The extract also induced cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and membrane blebbing which are the hallmark of apoptosis. The average proportion of Annexin V-staining positive cells (total apoptotic cells) significantly increased from 9.4% in control cells to 18.5, 28.2 and 50.5% in 20, 80 and 120 µg/ml B.C extract-treated cells respectively. Different doses of the extract (20, 80 and 120 µg/ml) after 48 hrs exposure led to a substantial increase in DNA fragmentation.The number of cells with disrupted Δψm increased from 6.6% in untreated (control cells) to 14.2, 42.1 and 73.4% in 20, 80 and 120 µg/ml in extract-treated cells, respectively CONCLUSION: The anticancer effects of Bupleurum chinense extract were mediated through the induction of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential.

Effects of Zuogui Pill () and Yougui Pill () on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling transduction pathways of axonal regeneration in model rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Zuogui Pill (, ZGP) and Yougui Pill (, YGP) on the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling of axonal regeneration in the Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in order to explore the possible mechanism of ZGP and YGP on promoting axonal regeneration. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC), model (MO), prednisone acetate (PA), ZGP and YGP groups. The EAE model of rat was established by injecting antigen containing myelin basic protein (MBP)68-86. The brain and spinal cord were harvested on the 14th and 28th day post-immunization (PI), the protein and mRNA expression of BDNF and PKA in the brain and spinal cord of rats were detected by Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the cAMP levels were detected by using enzyme-immunoassay method. RESULTS: (1) On the 28th day PI, the mRNA expression of BDNF in brain white matter and spinal cord of rats in ZGP and YGP groups were up-regulated, especially in YGP group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). (2) On the 14th day PI, the cAMP levels in brain white matters significantly increased in PA and YGP groups compared with MO group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the cAMP level in YGP group was higher than that in ZGP group (P<0.05). The cAMP level in spinal cord also significantly increased in YGP group compared with MO, PA and ZGP groups, respectively (P<0.01). (3) On the 14th day PI, the PKA expression in spinal cord of rats in ZGP group was significantly decreased compared with MO and YGP groups, respectively (P<0.05). (4) On the 28th day PI, there was a positive correlation between cAMP and PKA expression in the brain white matter of YGP rats. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that ZGP and YGP may promote axonal regeneration by modulating cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathway, but the targets of molecular mechanism of ZGP may be different from those of YGP.

Psychological trauma of funnel chest in adolescents and the appropriate age for minimally invasive surgery repair.

BACKGROUND: Funnel chest has a negative effect on adolescents and it has a strong effect on adolescents' psychological and behavior. This study aimed to investigate the psychological characteristics and factors that affect adolescents with funnel chest and to evaluate the relationship between the patients' age and their physiological and psychological health. We aimed to establish an age model for maximum surgery benefits for funnel chest patients to provide an objective basis for choosing surgery. METHODS: The study adopted a general evaluation approach to assess the risk and benefits of minimally invasive surgery for funnel chest. The funnel chest index, the Symptom Checklist-90, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were used as assessment tools to observe physiological and psychological features in funnel chest patients. A sample of 234 adolescents with funnel chest was selected from a third-grade class-A hospital in Beijing. Age groups were adopted as an independent variable, and other factors in funnel chest patients were dependent variables. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the relapse rate for funnel chest in the different age groups (χ(2) = 11.883, P = 0.008). There was a higher relapse rate in patients of ≤10 or ≥19 years old than in patients of 11-18 years old. There was a significant difference in the SCL-90 total score in the different age groups (F = 12.538, P = 0.0001), the patients older than 13 years had a higher score than those younger than 13 years in the SCL-90. There was a significant difference in the standard score of E (introversion/ extraversion) in the different age groups (F = 10.06, P = 0.0001). There was also a significance in the funnel chest index before surgery in the different psychological scales (P < 0.01), with a higher funnel chest index score associated with more obvious psychological trauma. Age and the number of variables, including the relapse rate, SCL-90 score, standard score of E, and standard score of N in the EPQ were significantly correlated (correlation indices were 0.402, 0.623, -0.505, and 0.473, respectively, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There are higher complication rates after surgery and relapse rates when funnel chest patients are too young or too old. There is more obvious psychological trauma in patients with a high funnel chest index. Our results indicate that the best age for surgery for funnel chest is 14-16 years.