ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The study aims to analyze the pregnancy outcomes of multiple gestations with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) that occurred within 24 h after fetal reduction with potassium chloride (KCL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified and evaluated the outcomes of 16 retrospectively recorded multigestational pregnancies that met the inclusion criteria between 2006 and 2016, from the Obstetrics Department of Shandong Provincial Hospital. A total of 16 patients carrying twins or higher order multiple gestations experienced PPROM within 24 h after fetal reduction, and all of them received expectant management after understanding the relevant risks. The maternal and neonatal records were retrospectively collected and reviewed. Every surviving child was followed up to at least 2 years old. RESULT: Of the 16 cases, 12 cases (75%) ended in successful pregnancy, resulting in the delivery of at least 1 child surviving from a multiple gestational pregnancy. All cases of successful pregnancies were either term (≥37 weeks) or near-term (36+5 weeks) at delivery. And of those 20 infants delivered, only 3 were low birth weight infants (<2500g) (15%), None of the 16 women had fever, or other clinical symptoms and signs of chorioamnionitis during hospital stay. Postnatal follow-up of the surviving babies showed no obvious sequelae thus far. No newborn baby had neonatal complications, or needed to be transferred to neonatal intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: Overall, our data demonstrate that dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twins or higher-order gestations who experienced PPROM of the reduced fetus within 24 h after selective reduction with KCL had relatively good outcomes with expectant management alone.
Subject(s)
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/etiology , Pregnancy Outcome , Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal/adverse effects , Pregnancy, Multiple , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Potassium Chloride/administration & dosage , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal/methods , Retrospective Studies , Twins, DizygoticABSTRACT
Azo dye is a type of reactive dyes with a stable structure. Its discharge into the environment affects the human health and growth of aquatic organisms. The color and nitrogen removal through an integrated hydrolysis/acidification and anoxic/aerobic (AO) process for the treatment of wastewater containing reactive red 2 (RR2) was investigated. The color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia nitrogen were removed efficiently, with removal efficiencies of 71.0%, 92.2%, and 83.5%, respectively. The dominant azo dye degradation bacterium in the hydrolysis/acidification reactor was Desulfovibrio. The dominant nitrifying bacterium in the AO reactor was Nitrospira, while the denitrifying bacteria were Thauera and Dechloromonas. When increasing the hydrolysis/acidification temperature from 25â to 35â, the color removal efficiency improved by 141.2%. When the concentration of COD increased from 200 mg·L-1 to 800 mg·L-1 at 25â, the color removal efficiency improved by 208.9%. Nitrite accumulation occurred in the AO reactor with a nitritation efficiency of 73.8%. The RR2 did not inhibit the nitrification, while aniline inhibited the nitrification. At an aniline concentration of 6 mg·L-1, the ammonia oxidation was the slowest.
