Phosphorylation of collagen fibrils enhances intrafibrillar mineralization and dentin remineralization.

The hierarchical assembly of nanoapatite within a type I collagen matrix was achieved through biomimetic mineralization in vitro, cooperatively regulated by non-collagenous proteins and small biomolecules. Here, we demonstrated that IP6 could significantly promote intrafibrillar mineralization in two- and three-dimensional collagen models through binding to collagen fibrils via hydrogen bonds (the interaction energy ∼10.21 kJ mol-1), as confirmed by the FTIR spectra and isothermal experimental results. In addition, we find that IP6 associated with dental collagen fibrils can also enhance the remineralization of calcium-depleted dentin and restore its mechanical properties similar to the natural dentin within 4 days. The promoting effect is mainly due to the chemical modification of IP6, which alters the interfacial physicochemical properties of collagen fibrils, strengthening the interaction of calcium phosphate minerals and mineral ions with collagen fibrils. This strategy of interfacial regulation to accelerate the mineralization of collagen fibrils is essential for dental repair and the development of a clinical product for the remineralization of hard tissue.

Characterization and properties of Chinese red clay for use as ceramic and construction materials.

This study involves the characterization and analysis of a Chinese red clay obtained from Hunan province to determine its suitability for manufacturing ceramic products. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed the clay has high silica (63.25 weight percent) and alumina (21.38 weight percent) content along with iron oxide, alkalis, and calcium acting as fluxes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of quartz, kaolinite, illite, and hematite as the major mineralogical phases. Scanning electron microscopy revealed loosely stacked, plate-shaped kaolinite particles exhibiting pseudohexagonal morphology. Particle size distribution shows a d50 of 12.7 µm and specific surface area is 21.3 m2/g. Differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetric analysis showed mass losses between 450-600°C and 950-1050°C corresponding to dehydroxylation and formation of a liquid phase, respectively. Dilatometry traced the onset of viscous flow sintering around 1000°C. Test bars produced from the clay were fired at 800°C, 900°C, 950°C, 1000°C, and 1050°C. The firing shrinkage increased from 2.5% at 800°C to 12.8% at 1050°C. Strength improved from 11.2 megapascals at 800°C to 42.3 megapascals at 1050°C due to densification and mullite formation. Hematite content caused the color to change from orange-red at 950°C to dark red at 1050°C. XRD analysis of fired specimens confirmed the presence of hematite and newly formed mullite and cristobalite phases. The results indicate the suitability of the clay for manufacturing bricks, roof tiles, and wall tiles using appropriate firing temperatures and cycles.

Titanium particles in peri-implantitis: distribution, pathogenesis and prospects.

Peri-implantitis is one of the most important biological complications in the field of oral implantology. Identifying the causative factors of peri-implant inflammation and osteolysis is crucial for the disease's prevention and treatment. The underlying risk factors and detailed pathogenesis of peri-implantitis remain to be elucidated. Titanium-based implants as the most widely used implant inevitably release titanium particles into the surrounding tissue. Notably, the concentration of titanium particles increases significantly at peri-implantitis sites, suggesting titanium particles as a potential risk factor for the condition. Previous studies have indicated that titanium particles can induce peripheral osteolysis and foster the development of aseptic osteoarthritis in orthopedic joint replacement. However, it remains unconfirmed whether this phenomenon also triggers inflammation and bone resorption in peri-implant tissues. This review summarizes the distribution of titanium particles around the implant, the potential roles in peri-implantitis and the prevalent prevention strategies, which expects to provide new directions for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of peri-implantitis.

Fabrication of ACP-CCS-PVA composite membrane for a potential application in guided bone regeneration.

The barrier membranes of guided bone regeneration (GBR) have been widely used in clinical medicine to repair bone defects. However, the unmatched mechanical strength, unsuitable degradation rates, and insufficient regeneration potential limit the application of the current barrier membranes. Here, amorphous calcium phosphate-carboxylated chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (ACP-CCS-PVA) composite membranes are fabricated by freeze-thaw cycles, in which the ATP-stabilized ACP nanoparticles are uniformly distributed throughout the membranes. The mechanical performance and osteogenic properties are significantly improved by the ACP incorporated into the CCS-PVA system, but excess ACP would suppress cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Our work highlights the pivotal role of ACP in GBR and provides insight into the need for biomaterial fabrication to balance mechanical strength and mineral content.

Effects of NLRP3 on implants placement. / NLRP3ç‚Žç—‡å°ä½“å¯¹ç§æ¤ä½“æ¤å ¥çš„å½±å“.

Bone stability is precisely controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. When the balance is broken, the integrity of the bone structure will be destroyed. Inflammasomes are important protein complexes in response to pathogen-related molecular models or injury-related molecular models, which can promote the activation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and activate a local inflammatory response. NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome can promote bone resorption through the activation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-18 and the induction of caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis. Inhibiting the production of NLRP3 inflammasome may be beneficial to improve comfort and bone stability. The presence of metal particles and microorganisms around implants can activate NLRP3 and promote bone absorption. NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the maintenance of bone stability around implants, however, most studies focus on orthopedic implants and periodontitis. This article reviews the effects of NLRP3 inflammasome on bone formation, resorption and pain induced by implants, and the possibility of NLRP3 as a target for preventing peri-implantitis is discussed.

The crosstalk between anoikis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and their synergistic roles in predicting prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma.

Anoikis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are significant phenomena occurring in distant metastasis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). A comprehensive understanding of their crosstalk and the identification of key genes are vital for treating the distant metastasis of COAD. The objective of this study was to design and validate accurate prognostic predictors for COAD patients based on the anoikis and EMT processes. We obtained gene signatures from various databases and performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, principal component analysis (PCA). The COAD patients were categorized into the worst prognosis group, the Anoikis Potential Index (API) Low + EMT Potential Index (EPI) High group and the others group. Then we utilized gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify differentially expressed genes and to establish a prognostic risk model. The model classified patients into high- or low-risk groups, with patients in the high-risk group displaying worse survival status. A nomogram was established to predict overall survival rates, demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity. Additionally, we connected the risk model to the tumor microenvironment (TME) using single-sample GSEA and the MCP counter tool, as well as evaluated the sensitivity to common chemotherapeutic drugs, such as Gefitinib and Gemcitabine. Lastly, cell and tissue experiments suggested a positive correlation among anoikis resistance, EMT, and liver/lung metastasis of COAD. This is the first study to comprehensively analyze the crosstalk between anoikis and EMT and offers new therapeutic targets for COAD metastasis patients.

ALDH2 ameliorates ethanol-induced gastric ulcer through suppressing NLPR3 inflammasome activation and ferroptosis.

Gastric ulcer (GU) is a prevalent and life-threating gastrointestinal disorder. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a pivotal component of alcohol metabolism which has been supported to suppress oxidative stress-elicited DNA damage in gastric mucosa cells. Nonetheless, whether ALDH2 is also involved in GU remains indistinct. Firstly, HCl/ethanol-induced experimental rat GU model was successfully established. RT-qPCR and Western blot tested ALDH2 expression in rat tissues. Following the addition of ALDH2 activator Alda-1, gastric lesion area and index were measured. H&E staining detected the histopathology of gastric tissues. ELISA examined the levels of inflammatory mediators. Alcian blue staining evaluated mucus production of gastric mucosa. Oxidative stress levels were estimated by corresponding kits and Western blot. Western blot examined the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome- and ferroptosis-related proteins. Prussian blue staining and corresponding assay kits measured ferroptosis. In ethanol-treated GES-1 cells, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, iron content, ferroptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were detected as aforementioned above. In addition to that, DCFH-DA staining examined ROS generation. The experimental data corroborated that ALDH2 expression was declined in the tissues of HCl/ethanol-treated rats. Alda-1 ameliorated HCl/ethanol-stimulated gastric mucosal damage, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ferroptosis in rats. Also, the suppressive role of ALDH2 in inflammatory response and oxidative stress was reversed by ferroptosis activator erastin or NLRP3 activator nigericin in HCl/ethanol-challenged GES-1 cells. To be summarized, ALDH2 might play the protective role in the process of GU.

Prognostic value of preoperative immune-nutritional scoring systems in remnant gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery.

BACKGROUND: Remnant gastric cancer (GC) is defined as GC that occurs five years or more after gastrectomy. Systematically evaluating the preoperative immune and nutritional status of patients and analyzing its prognostic impact on postoperative remnant gastric cancer (RGC) patients are crucial. A simple scoring system that combines multiple immune or nutritional indicators to identify nutritional or immune status before surgery is necessary. AIM: To evaluate the value of preoperative immune-nutritional scoring systems in predicting the prognosis of patients with RGC. METHODS: The clinical data of 54 patients with RGC were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Prognostic nutritional index (PNI), controlled nutritional status (CONUT), and Naples prognostic score (NPS) were calculated by preoperative blood indicators, including absolute lymphocyte count, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, serum albumin, and serum total cholesterol. Patients with RGC were divided into groups according to the immune-nutritional risk. The relationship between the three preoperative immune-nutritional scores and clinical characteristics was analyzed. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to analyze the difference in overall survival (OS) rate between various immune-nutritional score groups. RESULTS: The median age of this cohort was 70.5 years (ranging from 39 to 87 years). No significant correlation was found between most pathological features and immune-nutritional status (P > 0.05). Patients with a PNI score < 45, CONUT score or NPS score ≥ 3 were considered to be at high immune-nutritional risk. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of PNI, CONUT, and NPS systems for predicting postoperative survival were 0.611 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.460-0.763; P = 0.161], 0.635 (95%CI: 0.485-0.784; P = 0.090), and 0.707 (95%CI: 0.566-0.848; P = 0.009), respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the three immune-nutritional scoring systems were significantly correlated with OS (PNI: P = 0.002; CONUT: P = 0.039; NPS: P < 0.001). Survival analysis revealed a significant difference in OS between different immune-nutritional groups (PNI: 75 mo vs 42 mo, P = 0.001; CONUT: 69 mo vs 48 mo, P = 0.033; NPS: 77 mo vs 40 mo, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These preoperative immune-nutritional scores are reliable multidimensional prognostic scoring systems for predicting the prognosis of patients with RGC, in which the NPS system has relatively effective predictive performance.

Digital orthodontic extrusion system for complex crown-root fracture of anterior teeth: A technique report.

Patients with traumatic dental injuries commonly present in clinical practice with complex crown-root fractures. Prosthodontic treatment of such patients may be unsuccessful because of the violation of the supracrestal tissue attachment, making their management challenging. Minor tooth movement is an effective solution to extruding the residual root but may require referral to an orthodontist. The purpose of this technique was to present a digital orthodontic system including a 3-dimensional virtual patient technique, a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) resin facial veneer-retained pontic, and a zirconia post as an orthodontic appliance for tooth extrusion in the esthetic zone. This veneered pontic may also serve as an interim prothesis. The appliance provides a precise design for the direction and extent of orthodontic extrusion.

Synergistic effect of collagen cross-linking and remineralization for improving resin-dentin bond durability.

In this study, the synergistic effect of glutaraldehyde-cross-linking and remineralization on the strength and durability of resin-dentin bonds was investigated. Dentin surfaces were etched with 35% phosphoric acid. The control specimens were bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 using wet bonding without pretreatment. The experimental specimens were pretreated with 5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde solution for 3 min and placed in a remineralizing solution for 0, 12, and 24 h, followed by dry bonding. After performing composite build-ups on the specimens, they were longitudinally sectioned, immediately, and after aging for 3 h with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), to evaluate microtensile bond strength (µTBS). The cross-linked specimens exhibited µTBS values comparable with those of the control group, but the µTBS decreased significantly after NaOCl aging. The cross-linked dentin remineralized for 24 h exhibited an increase in µTBS. After aging in NaOCl, the µTBS of the specimens remineralized for 24 h did not decrease and was significantly higher than for the other experimental groups. Cross-linking with dry bonding maintained µTBS in specimens before aging in NaOCl, but the bonding durability was compromised. Remineralization of cross-linked dentin for 24 h followed by dry bonding increased the immediate µTBS and improved bond durability. Therefore, combining cross-linking with remineralization of collagen fibrils progressively increased resistance to degradation, improving bond durability.

Associations between cortical bone-to-implant contact and microstructure derived from CBCT and implant primary stability.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the associations between the cortical bone-to-implant contact (CBIC), bone microstructure derived from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and the primary stability of the implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with 65 implants were enrolled in this study. The peak insertion torque values (ITVs) were measured during implant insertion, and the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were measured immediately after implant placement and 3 months after surgery. The profiles of the peri-implant bone structure were outlined using the volumetric reconstruction of the CBCTs and superimposition of the virtual models, and the features of CBIC and bone microstructure parameters were measured. The linear mixed effects model and generalized estimating equation were used to explore the predictors for implant primary stability. RESULTS: The average ITV, baseline, and secondary ISQ values were 31.44 ± 6.54 N·cm, 73.34 ± 7.39, and 80.32 ± 4.58, respectively. Statistically significant correlations were found between ITV and surface area of CBIC (r = .340, p = .006), bone volume fraction (r = .294, p = .017), and bone surface fraction (r = -.278, p = .039). Implants with buccolingual CBIC had a higher ITV than implants without CBIC (p = .016). None of the parameters were associated with baseline and secondary ISQ values in generalized estimating equation analysis (all p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of the study, preoperative CBCT measurements might enable the prediction of ITV and therefore of implant primary stability values.

Digitally prefabricated versus conventionally fabricated implant-supported full-arch provisional prosthesis: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of digitally prefabricated and conventionally fabricated implant-supported full-arch provisional prostheses. METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 39 patients (22 males and 17 females) who underwent implant-supported full-arch rehabilitation using the All-on-4 concept with an immediate loading protocol were included: 20 patients treated with digitally prefabricated provisional prostheses were assigned into Group A, and 19 patients treated with conventionally fabricated provisional prostheses were assigned into Group B. Implant/provisional prosthesis survival rates and complications were reviewed. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was investigated by CBCT. Surgical time, restorative time, and total operative time were analyzed. Postoperative pain and swelling were evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS). The oral health impact profile (OHIP) questionnaire was administered before and after surgery. RESULTS: The implant/provisional prosthesis survival rate was 100%, and complications appeared with low frequency in both groups, while the mean MBL was 0.30 ± 0.29 mm in Group A and 0.31 ± 0.41 mm in Group B after 3~ 6 months (P > 0.05). The average restorative time in Group A (116.16 ± 16.61 min) was significantly shorter than that in Group B (242.11 ± 30.14 min) (P < 0.05). Patients in Group A showed lower pain/swelling VAS scores after surgery than Group B (P < 0.05). Low OHIP scores with high satisfaction with the overall effects were shown in both groups. CONCLUSION: Prefabricated prostheses reduced the prosthetic time and postoperative discomfort in patients whose immediate rehabilitation was based on the All-on-4 concept. This prefabrication technology may be a predictable alternative to improve the short-term clinical outcome of implant-supported full-arch provisional rehabilitation.

Research progress on effect of magnetic nanoparticle composite scaffold on osteogenesis.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have been widely used as biomaterials due to their unique magnetic responsiveness and biocompatibility, which also can promote osteogenic differentiation through their inherent micro-magnetic field. The MNP composite scaffold retains its superparamagnetism, which has good physical, mechanical and biological properties with significant osteogenic effects and . Magnetic field has been proved to promote bone tissue repair by affecting cell metabolic behavior. MNP composite scaffolds under magnetic field can synergically promote bone tissue repair and regeneration, which has great application potential in the field of bone tissue engineering. This article summarizes the performance of magnetic composite scaffold, the research progress on the effect of MNP composite scaffold with magnetic fields on osteogenesis, to provide reference for further research and clinical application.

Tannic acid induces dentin biomineralization by crosslinking and surface modification.

It is currently known that crosslinking agents can effectively improve the mechanical properties of dentin by crosslinking type I collagen. However, few scholars have focused on the influence of crosslinking agents on the collagen-mineral interface after crosslinking. Analysis of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that hydrogen bonding occurs between the tannic acid (TA) molecule and the collagen. The crosslinking degree of TA to collagen reached a maximum 41.28 ± 1.52. This study used TA crosslinked collagen fibers to successfully induce dentin biomineralization, and the complete remineralization was achieved within 4 days. The crosslinking effect of TA can improve the mechanical properties and anti-enzyme properties of dentin. The elastic modulus (mean and standard deviation) and hardness values of the remineralized dentin pretreated with TA reached 19.1 ± 1.12 GPa and 0.68 ± 0.06 GPa, respectively, which were close to those of healthy dentin measurements, but significantly higher than those of dentin without crosslinking (8.91 ± 1.82 GPa and 0.16 ± 0.01 GPa). The interface energy between the surface of collagen fibers and minerals decreased from 10.59 mJ m-2 to 4.19 mJ m-2 with the influence of TA. The current work reveals the importance of tannic acid crosslinking for dentin remineralization while providing profound insights into the interfacial control of biomolecules in collagen mineralization.

Evaluation of hard tissue 3-dimensional stability around single implants placed with guided bone regeneration in the anterior maxilla: A 3-year retrospective study.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is widely used to reconstruct peri-implant bone defects in the esthetic zone. However, the dimensional stability of this bone-biomaterial composite is not fully understood. PURPOSE: The primary aim was to evaluate the hard tissue 3-dimensional (3D) stability around single implants placed with simultaneous GBR by using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in the anterior maxilla and explore possible influencing factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The records of patients who had received implants in the anterior maxilla from January 2015 to March 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. The change in volume and thickness of the facial hard tissue were analyzed. To explore possible influencing factors, the thickness and surface area of facial graft were measured, and the time point at which implants were placed and the healing protocol were recorded. Secondary outcome measures were peri-implant marginal bone loss, bleeding on probing (BOP), and pink esthetic score (PES). Statistical analysis was conducted by using the Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, or generalized estimating equation analysis (α=.05). RESULTS: Fifty-five participants were included in this study, and no implants had been lost after 3 years. BOP was present in 10 (18.2%) participants. The mean ±standard deviation PES of all implants for this study was 11.0 ±2.1. The mean ±standard deviation percentage of residual hard tissue volume was 36.9 ±23.5%, with a significant difference found between time points before 9 months (P<.05). Type 3 implant placement (OR=1.449, P=.031) was found to have a higher percentage of residual hard tissue volume. A greater reduction of the facial hard tissue thickness was observed in participants with thicker postoperative facial grafting (OR=1.463, P=.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the facial, palatal, mesial, and distal peri-implant sites in terms of marginal bone loss (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although single-tooth implant placement combined with GBR using DBBM in the anterior maxilla offered satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes after a 3-year follow-up, significant hard tissue volume and thickness reduction in grafted sites was detected, especially during the initial 9-month postoperative period. This phenomenon may be correlated with the timing of implant placement and the thickness of the facial graft.

Three-dimensional alveolar bone assessment of mandibular molars for immediate implant placement: a virtual implant placement study.

BACKGROUND: To elucidate the anatomical features of the mandibular molar region to allow safe immediate implant placement. METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography images of 150 patients (600 teeth) were reviewed retrospectively. The virtual implants were placed in the mandibular first and second molar region. The anatomic structures of the mandible and inter-radicular septum were both categorized into three types. The relationship between implant and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), and the horizontal distance from the implant surface to the bone wall were analyzed. Variables were compared using a student's t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Type U (39.0%) and type S (56.0%) were the most common in the first molar, while type U (67.7%) and type M (54.7%) had the highest prevalence rate in the second molar. The mean distance from the level where the virtual implant was completely surrounded by bone to IAN was 7.06 mm. The mean horizontal widths from the implant to the mesial and distal socket wall were 1.59 mm and 1.89 mm. The widths of the inter-radicular septum and the distances from implant to the buccal and lingual plate on different sections were significantly associated with tooth position (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In the first molar region, the implant is suggested to be placed in the center of the inter-radicular septum, while in the second molar region, the mesial root socket could be considered. Immediate implant placement in the mandibular second molar sockets shows a high risk of IAN injury, lingual perforation, and inadequate primary stability.

Fbxo21 regulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through ubiquitination of Nr2f2 in gastric cancer.

F-box protein 21 (Fbxo21), a member of the F-box family proteins, constitutes one of the four subunits of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-Cullin-F-box). Despite the effect on antivirus immune response and ubiquitination regulation of a few oncoproteins, such as EID1 and P-gp, little is known about the Fbxo21 function in tumors, including gastric cancer. In our study, we confirmed that Fbxo21 expression was decreased in gastric cancer tissues. Decreased expression of Fbxo21 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Fbxo21 inhibited gastric cancer progression by inducing growth arrest and inhibiting migration and invasion. The expression of various EMT markers, such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin were altered after Fbxo21 knockdown or overexpression. Moreover, we demonstrated that Fbxo21 inhibited the EMT via the down-regulation of Nr2f2. Fbxo21 expression was negatively correlated with Nr2f2 protein expression in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. And the Nr2f2 protein abundance was regulated by Fbxo21 via ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. At last, we demonstrated the effects of Nr2f2 re-expression and inhibition on stable Fbxo21-overexpression or Fbxo21-silenced cell lines. These results suggested that Fbxo21 inhibited the proliferation and EMT in part through down-regulating the Nr2f2.

Effect of aspartic acid on the crystallization kinetics of ACP and dentin remineralization.

Type I collagen and non-collagen proteins are the main organic components of dentin. This study aimed to investigate the biomimetic remineralization of demineralized dentin by aspartic acid (Asp), which is abundant in non-collagenous proteins (NCPs). Asp was added to a mineralizing solution containing polyacrylic acid (PAA) to explore the mechanism of Asp regulating the pure amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) phase transition process. The remineralization process and superstructure of the remineralized layer of demineralized dentin were evaluated and analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the biological stability of the remineralized layer was investigated by collagenase degradation experiment. It demonstrated that Asp promoted the crystallization kinetics of PAA-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite (HAP), and shortened the remineralization time of demineralized dentin from 7 days to 2 days. The newly formed remineralized dentin had similar morphology and biological stability to the natural dentin layer. The presence of a large number of Asp residues in NCPs promoted the phase transformation of ACP, and further revealed the mechanism of action of NCPs in dentin biomineralization. This experiment also showed that Asp promoted the biomimetic remineralization of dentin; the morphology and hierarchical structure of remineralized layer was similar to that of natural teeth, and had good biological properties.

Identification of biomarkers predicting the chemotherapeutic outcomes of capecitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with gastric cancer.

The capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CapeOX) regimen is a commonly used adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimen for gastric cancer (GC). However, some patients exhibit a poor chemotherapy response due to genetic differences among individuals. Therefore, finding an effective sensitization strategy for CapeOX is important in the treatment of GC. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive biomarkers of the CapeOX chemotherapeutic outcomes for patients with GC. A total of 30 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas capecitabine and oxaliplatin treatment GC cases and seven key DEGs [uroplakin-1b (UPK1B), fatty acid-binding protein, heart (FABP3), cystatin-M, caspase-5 (CASP5), corticosteroid 11-ß-dehydrogenase isozyme 2, cytochrome P450 4X1 (CYP4X1) and epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8-like protein 3] were associated with survival. Gene validation was performed in clinical samples divided into recurrence and nonrecurrence groups. Patients with high or low expression of UPK1B, FABP3, CASP5 and CYP4X1 had markedly different overall survival rates. A model was established and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic reached 0.875 (0.793-0.957), indicating that the model had good sensitivity and specificity.

[Progress on clinical application of orthodontic-implant combined therapy].

For complex implant cases, simple implantation could not achieve the desired therapeutic effect, and a multidisciplinary approach has become a general trend. Orthodontic treatment before implantation creates favorable conditions for subsequent implantation by increasing restoring three-dimensional space, improving occlusion of patients. It also stimulates the increase of autologous soft and hard tissue while biological potential of periodontal ligament is fully developed. The choice of operation time is vital to keep the level of soft and hard tissue at the implantation site, which improves the curative effect of implantation in terms of function and aesthetics. In this article, the orthodontic-implant combined therapy is briefly reviewed focusing on the three-dimensional space optimization, implant site enhancement by orthodontic extrusion and delayed orthodontic space opening.