Chlamydia trachomatis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men treated at a referral hospital for sexually transmitted diseases in the Amazonas, Brazil

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence and to identify the demographic, behavioural and clinical factors associated with C. trachomatis in human immunodeficiency virus infected men. STUDY: This was a cross-sectional study of C. trachomatis prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men enrolled at the Outpatient clinic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome of the Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. C. trachomatis deoxyribonucleic acid from urethral samples was purified and submitted to real time polymerase chain reaction to identify the presence of C. trachomatis. RESULTS: A total of 276 human immunodeficiency virus-infected men were included in the study. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 12% (95% confidence interval 8.1%-15.7%). The mean age of the participants was 34.63 (standard deviation 10.80) years. Of the 276 human immunodeficiency virus-infected men, 93 (56.2%) had more than one sexual partner in the past year and 105 (38.0%) reported having their first sexual intercourse under the age of 15 years. Men having sex with men and bisexuals amounted to 61.2% of the studied population. A total of 71.7% had received human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis in the last three years and 55.1% were using antiretroviral therapy. Factors associated with C. trachomatis infection in the logistic model were being single (p<0.034), men having sex with men (p<0.021), and having previous sexually transmitted diseases (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of C. trachomatis infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men highlights that screening human immunodeficiency virus-infected men for C. trachomatis, especially among men having sex with men, is paramount to control the spread of C. trachomatis infection. .

Chlamydia trachomatis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men treated at a referral hospital for sexually transmitted diseases in the Amazonas, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence and to identify the demographic, behavioural and clinical factors associated with C. trachomatis in human immunodeficiency virus infected men. STUDY: This was a cross-sectional study of C. trachomatis prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men enrolled at the Outpatient clinic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome of the Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. C. trachomatis deoxyribonucleic acid from urethral samples was purified and submitted to real time polymerase chain reaction to identify the presence of C. trachomatis. RESULTS: A total of 276 human immunodeficiency virus-infected men were included in the study. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 12% (95% confidence interval 8.1%-15.7%). The mean age of the participants was 34.63 (standard deviation 10.80) years. Of the 276 human immunodeficiency virus-infected men, 93 (56.2%) had more than one sexual partner in the past year and 105 (38.0%) reported having their first sexual intercourse under the age of 15 years. Men having sex with men and bisexuals amounted to 61.2% of the studied population. A total of 71.7% had received human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis in the last three years and 55.1% were using antiretroviral therapy. Factors associated with C. trachomatis infection in the logistic model were being single (p<0.034), men having sex with men (p<0.021), and having previous sexually transmitted diseases (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of C. trachomatis infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men highlights that screening human immunodeficiency virus-infected men for C. trachomatis, especially among men having sex with men, is paramount to control the spread of C. trachomatis infection.

[Study of the association between socio-environmental factors and the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in the suburbs of the city of Manaus in the state of Amazonas, Brazil]. / Estudo da associação entre fatores socioambientais e prevalência de parasitose intestinal em área periférica da cidade de Manaus (AM, Brasil).

This study assesses the association between socio-environmental factors and urban sanitation conditions with the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in a community on the periphery of the city of Manaus. The study comprised a socio-environmental survey and a parasitological inquiry. A heterogeneous community was revealed with some socio-economic and environmental differences between the micro-areas evaluated, even though the urban sanitation conditions were found to be predominantly precarious. The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 44.2%. There was no significant difference between the micro-areas that could explain the occurrence of intestinal parasitosis. An association was found between intestinal parasitosis and residential building types, age bracket and the quality of the water used for personal hygiene and consumption in the home. Open air sewage was a risk factor associated with intestinal parasitosis (OR=6.72; p=0.034) and also with intestinal protozoa (OR=21.87; p=0.004). In terms of the presence of protozoa, two risk factors were verified: the dumping of sewage directly into the river system (OR=12.98; p=0.011) and the use of rudimentary cesspits (OR=9.54; p=0.019).

Estudo da associação entre fatores socioambientais e prevalência de parasitose intestinal em área periférica da cidade de Manaus (AM, Brasil) / Study of the association between socio-environmental factors and the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in the suburbs of the city of Manaus in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre fatores socioambientais e condições de saneamento urbano com a prevalência de parasitoses intestinais, em uma comunidade na periferia da cidade de Manaus. O estudo consistiu de um levantamento socioambiental e de um inquérito parasitológico. Foi encontrada uma comunidade heterogênea, apresentando diferenças em relação aos níveis socioeconômicos e ambientais entre as micro-áreas avaliadas, embora as condições de saneamento básico da comunidade tenham-se mostrado precárias de uma forma geral. A prevalência de parasitose intestinal foi de 44,2 por cento. Não foi identificada diferença significativa entre as micro-áreas com respeito à ocorrência de parasitoses intestinais. Houve associação entre parasitoses intestinais e tipo de construção residencial, faixa etária e procedência da água de higiene pessoal e do lar. O despejo do esgoto a céu aberto foi fator de risco associado a parasitoses intestinais (OR=6,72; p=0,034) e a protozoários intestinais (OR=21,87; p=0,004). Foram fatores de risco, apenas para a presença de protozoários, o despejo de esgoto em igarapé (OR=12,98; p=0,011) e o uso de fossa rudimentar (OR=9,54; p=0,019).

This study assesses the association between socio-environmental factors and urban sanitation conditions with the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in a community on the periphery of the city of Manaus. The study comprised a socio-environmental survey and a parasitological inquiry. A heterogeneous community was revealed with some socio-economic and environmental differences between the micro-areas evaluated, even though the urban sanitation conditions were found to be predominantly precarious. The prevalance of intestinal parasitosis was 44.2 percent. There was no significant difference between the micro-areas that could explain the occurrence of intestinal parasitosis. An association was found between intestinal parasitosis and residential building types, age bracket and the quality of the water used for personal hygiene and consumption in the home. Open air sewerage was a risk factor associated with intestinal parasitosis (OR=6.72; p=0.034) and also with intestinal protozoa (OR=21.87; p=0.004). In terms of the presence of protozoa, two risk factors were verified: the dumping of sewage directly into the river system (OR=12.98; p=0.011) and the use of rudimentary cesspits (OR=9.54; p=0.019).

Componentes do peso vivo em cordeiros e borregos Polwarth e cruzas Texel x Polwarth

This work was undertaken to compare and quantify live body weight, at slaughter, and its components of Polwarth and Polwarth x Texel (ram) lambs and hoggets. Fifty-nine lambs (116 days old) were slaughtered. From that, forty were Polwarth (21 males and 19 females) and nineteen were Polwarth x Texel cresses (7 males and 12 females). Also, twenty-four hoggets (450 days old) were slaughtered. Fourteen hoggets were Polwarth and ten Polwarth x Texel cresses. The animals were raised under range conditions on native pasture, in seuthem Brazil (Pelotas-RS), and castrated at 30 days eld. There were no significant diferences, in absolute values, for body weight and its components, among purebred lambs and crosses; for hoggets, the crosses have shown higher weights (live body weight at slaughter, warm and cool carcass, head, lungs plus trachea, liver, kidney plus pelvic fat, and kidney). In percentage values, significant effects were observed among rebred and crosses only with lambs for hide and lungs plus trachea and sex effect for legs and liver. The results have shown that the crossbreeding among Polwarth (ewes) and Texel, for the increment of meat production under range conditions, is possible at a later age and weight (hoggets) but not for lambs.

O estudo teve por objetivo comparar e quantificar o peso vivo ao abate e seus componentes em cordeiros e borregos Polwarth (Ideal) com cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth. Foram sacrificados 59 cordeiros com 116 dias de idade, sendo 40 Polwarth (21 machos e 19 fêmeas) e 19 cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth (7 machos e 12 fêmeas) e 24 borregos com 450 dias de idade, sendo 14 Polwarth e 10 cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth. Os animais foram criados em condições extensivas de campo nativo ao sul do Brasil (Pelotas-RS) e castrados aos 30 dias de idade. Em termos de valores absolutos, para peso vivo e seus componentes, não se detectaram diferenças significativas entre cordeiros puros e cruzas; para borregos, verificou-se que os cruzas apresentaram maiores pesos (peso vivo ao abate, carcaça quente e fria, cabeça, pulmões com traquéia, fígado, gordura renal e pélvica e rins). Em valores percentuais, foram verificados efeitos significativos entre puros e cruzas, somente em cordeiros, para pele e pulmões com traquéia e, um efeito de sexo para patas e fígado. Os resultados evidenciaram que o cruzamento entre ovelhas Polwarth com Texel, para aumento da produção de carne em condições extensivas de campo nativo, é viável em borregos (maior idade e peso) e não para cordeiros.

Componentes do peso vivo em cordeiros e borregos Polwarth e cruzas Texel x Polwarth / Live weight components in Polwarth and Texel x Polwarth lambs and hoggets

O estudo teve por objetivo comparar e quantificar o peso vivo ao abate e seus componentes em cordeiros e borregos Polwarth (Ideal) com cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth. Foram sacrificados 59 cordeiros com 116 dias de idade, sendo 40 Polwarth (21 machos e 19 fêmeas) e 19 cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth (7 machos e 12 fêmeas) e 24 borregos com 450 dias de idade, sendo 14 Polwarth e 10 cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth. Os animais foram criados em condições extensivas de campo nativo ao sul do Brasil (Pelotas-RS) e castrados aos 30 dias de idade. Em termos de valores absolutos, para peso vivo e seus componentes, não se detectaram diferenças significativas entre cordeiros puros e cruzas; para borregos, verificou-se que os cruzas apresentaram maiores pesos (peso vivo ao abate, carcaça quente e fria, cabeça, pulmões com traquéia, fígado, gordura renal e pélvica e rins). Em valores percentuais, foram verificados efeitos significativos entre puros e cruzas, somente em cordeiros, para pele e pulmões com traquéia e, um efeito de sexo para patas e fígado. Os resultados evidenciaram que o cruzamento entre ovelhas Polwarth com Texel, para aumento da produção de carne em condições extensivas de campo nativo, é viável em borregos (maior idade e peso) e não para cordeiros.

This work was undertaken to compare and quantify live body weight, at slaughter, and its components of Polwarth and Polwarth x Texel (ram) lambs and hoggets. Fifty-nine lambs (116 days old) were slaughtered. From that, forty were Polwarth (21 males and 19 females) and nineteen were Polwarth x Texel cresses (7 males and 12 females). Also, twenty-four hoggets (450 days old) were slaughtered. Fourteen hoggets were Polwarth and ten Polwarth x Texel cresses. The animals were raised under range conditions on native pasture, in seuthem Brazil (Pelotas-RS), and castrated at 30 days eld. There were no significant diferences, in absolute values, for body weight and its components, among purebred lambs and crosses; for hoggets, the crosses have shown higher weights (live body weight at slaughter, warm and cool carcass, head, lungs plus trachea, liver, kidney plus pelvic fat, and kidney). In percentage values, significant effects were observed among rebred and crosses only with lambs for hide and lungs plus trachea and sex effect for legs and liver. The results have shown that the crossbreeding among Polwarth (ewes) and Texel, for the increment of meat production under range conditions, is possible at a later age and weight (hoggets) but not for lambs.

Componentes do peso vivo em cordeiros e borregos Polwarth e cruzas Texel x Polwarth

This work was undertaken to compare and quantify live body weight, at slaughter, and its components of Polwarth and Polwarth x Texel (ram) lambs and hoggets. Fifty-nine lambs (116 days old) were slaughtered. From that, forty were Polwarth (21 males and 19 females) and nineteen were Polwarth x Texel cresses (7 males and 12 females). Also, twenty-four hoggets (450 days old) were slaughtered. Fourteen hoggets were Polwarth and ten Polwarth x Texel cresses. The animals were raised under range conditions on native pasture, in seuthem Brazil (Pelotas-RS), and castrated at 30 days eld. There were no significant diferences, in absolute values, for body weight and its components, among purebred lambs and crosses; for hoggets, the crosses have shown higher weights (live body weight at slaughter, warm and cool carcass, head, lungs plus trachea, liver, kidney plus pelvic fat, and kidney). In percentage values, significant effects were observed among rebred and crosses only with lambs for hide and lungs plus trachea and sex effect for legs and liver. The results have shown that the crossbreeding among Polwarth (ewes) and Texel, for the increment of meat production under range conditions, is possible at a later age and weight (hoggets) but not for lambs.

O estudo teve por objetivo comparar e quantificar o peso vivo ao abate e seus componentes em cordeiros e borregos Polwarth (Ideal) com cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth. Foram sacrificados 59 cordeiros com 116 dias de idade, sendo 40 Polwarth (21 machos e 19 fêmeas) e 19 cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth (7 machos e 12 fêmeas) e 24 borregos com 450 dias de idade, sendo 14 Polwarth e 10 cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth. Os animais foram criados em condições extensivas de campo nativo ao sul do Brasil (Pelotas-RS) e castrados aos 30 dias de idade. Em termos de valores absolutos, para peso vivo e seus componentes, não se detectaram diferenças significativas entre cordeiros puros e cruzas; para borregos, verificou-se que os cruzas apresentaram maiores pesos (peso vivo ao abate, carcaça quente e fria, cabeça, pulmões com traquéia, fígado, gordura renal e pélvica e rins). Em valores percentuais, foram verificados efeitos significativos entre puros e cruzas, somente em cordeiros, para pele e pulmões com traquéia e, um efeito de sexo para patas e fígado. Os resultados evidenciaram que o cruzamento entre ovelhas Polwarth com Texel, para aumento da produção de carne em condições extensivas de campo nativo, é viável em borregos (maior idade e peso) e não para cordeiros.

Effect of age and strain on haematological and gasometric parameters in selected and non-selected broiler chickens / Efeito da idade e linhagem sobre parâmetros hematológicos e gasométricos de frangos de corte selecionados e não selecionados

This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of age and strain on haematological and gasometric parameters in selected and non-selected broiler chickens. Forty selected and 10 nonselected male broiler chickens were used. Blood samples were withdrawn at 21 and 42 days of age, and haematological parameters were determined including (red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)) and gasometric pH, partial pressure of oxgen (p 0 2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pC02) were determined. The results showed that almost all studied parameters are affected by broiler strain and age. Selected broiler shown lower red blood cell (RBC) count and higher mean cell volume (MCV) at 21 days of age, when compared to that of 42 day old animals, and an inverse relation was verified by non-selected broiler. These data suggest that selected broiler chickens could have higher sensitivity to alterations in pulmonary rheological parameters at early age, and triggering the ascites syndrome.

Objetivou-se investigar o efeito de idade e linhagem sobreparâmetros hematológicos e gasométricos de frangos selecionados e não selecionados. Foram utilizados somente frangos machos, sendo 40 selecionados e 10 não-selecionados. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas aos 21 e 42 dias de idade e determinados os parâmetros hematológicos (eritrócito, leucócito, hemoglobina, hematócrito, volume globular médio, hemoglobina globular média e concentração de hemoglobina no eritrócito), e os parâmetros gasométricos (pH, pressão parcial de oxigênio e pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono). Os resultados mostraram que os parâmetros hematológicos e gasométricos são afetados pela idade e linhagem do frango. As aves selecionadas apresentaram um número de eritrócito menor e um volume globular médio maior aos 21 dias de idade quando comparados aos animais de 42 dias de idade, e uma relação inversa foi verificada nos frangos não selecionados. Estes dados sugerem que quando jovens os frangos selecionados podem ser mais sensíveis às alterações nos parâmetros pulmonares e desenvolver a síndrome da Ascite.