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1.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 201: 116225, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38460435

ABSTRACT

The Huelva estuary is formed by the common mouths of the Odiel and Tinto Rivers, and inside this ecosystem is the biosphere reserve of the Odiel saltmarshes. This ecosystem has been historically affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) and by releases of pollutants from five phosphoric acid industrial plants and phosphogypsum (PG) waste stacks located in the area. This study carried out a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of the biosphere reserve of the Odiel saltmarshes. To this end, it was necessary to find a suitable sedimentary background (Piedras River in our case). To quantify this impact, several pollution indexes were used. According to the values reached by the indexes, this impact was classified as "serious" pollution for most trace elements, excepting the deepest layers, and "low-moderate" pollution for the 238U-series radionuclides, while no pollution for the 232Th-series and 40K radionuclides was found as expected.


Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Estuaries , Industrial Waste/analysis , Rivers , Radioisotopes , Spain , Environmental Monitoring , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
2.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) ; 71(2): 90-111, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38309642

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Sedation is used in intensive care units (ICU) to improve comfort and tolerance during mechanical ventilation, invasive interventions, and nursing care. In recent years, the use of inhalation anaesthetics for this purpose has increased. Our objective was to obtain and summarise the best evidence on inhaled sedation in adult patients in the ICU, and use this to help physicians choose the most appropriate approach in terms of the impact of sedation on clinical outcomes and the risk-benefit of the chosen strategy. METHODOLOGY: Given the overall lack of literature and scientific evidence on various aspects of inhaled sedation in the ICU, we decided to use a Delphi method to achieve consensus among a group of 17 expert panellists. The processes was conducted over a 12-month period between 2022 and 2023, and followed the recommendations of the CREDES guidelines. RESULTS: The results of the Delphi survey form the basis of these 39 recommendations - 23 with a strong consensus and 15 with a weak consensus. CONCLUSION: The use of inhaled sedation in the ICU is a reliable and appropriate option in a wide variety of clinical scenarios. However, there are numerous aspects of the technique that require further study.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Anesthetics, Inhalation , Adult , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Intensive Care Units , Respiration, Artificial
3.
J Hazard Mater ; 447: 130782, 2023 Apr 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36641853

ABSTRACT

The spatiotemporal evolution of both U and Th isotopes in a mine effluent highly polluted by acid mine drainage (AMD) was evaluated. The acidic tributary, which born from the outflows of an abandoned sulfide mine, flows into the Odiel River. AMD comprises an important source of natural radionuclides, presenting concentrations of 238U and 232Th, two and four orders of magnitude higher, respectively, than the background values of surface continental waters. These natural radionuclides behave conservatively along the mine effluent (pH < 2.5) throughout the hydrological year. Under AMD conditions uranium is in the hexavalent state U(VI) and the main dissolved species are uranyl sulfate complexes. The polluted tributary has a significant impact on the Odiel River acidifying its waters during the low flow season and increasing up to one order of magnitude the activity concentrations of U and Th isotopes. U presented a conservative behavior in the Odiel River during the low flow season (pH ≈ 3), however it is removed from the liquid phase in the wet season (pH ≈ 6), probably due its coprecipitation/adsorption onto Al-phases. Th shows a high sensitivity to small increases of pH, and it is strongly coprecipitated/adsorbed with or onto Fe-oxyhydroxydizes in the river.

4.
Environ Pollut ; 289: 117963, 2021 Nov 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34426198

ABSTRACT

Two radon measurement stations located to the north and south of a NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) repository of phosphogypsum (southwest of Europe) were used to monitor radon behavior during 2018. The stations are located at opposing sides of the repository, one in Huelva City to the north and other one in a rural area to the south. This setup aimed to identify the influence of the NORM repository on each station and use radon levels as a marker of atmospheric transport in the local area. To achieve this, a comparison was carried out with other coastal stations in the south of Spain, finding higher average concentrations in Huelva City, ~3.3 Bq m-3. Hierarchical clustering was applied to identify days with different radon patterns at each Huelva station, detecting possible local radon transport events from the repository. Three events were investigated with WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) and FLEXPART-WRF (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model). It was found that both sampling sites required atmospheric stagnant conditions to reach high radon concentration. However, under these conditions the urban station showed high radon regardless of wind direction while the rural station also required radon transport from the repository, either directly or indirectly.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Radioactive , Radiation Monitoring , Radon , Air Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Cities , Europe , Radon/analysis
5.
Chemosphere ; 281: 130651, 2021 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34010721

ABSTRACT

Commercial copper (Cu) is obtained by a hydro-pyrometallurgical process, where the Cu anodes obtained in the furnaces (Cu > 99.5%) are enriched up to 99.99% in "cathodes" by electrorefining at an electrolysis plant. During this process, some impurities accumulate in the electrolyte, mainly arsenic (As), which decrease the quality of the Cu cathode. For this reason, the electrolyte is sent to an electrolyte cleaning plant (ECP) for its purification. Electrolyte sludge (ES) is produced in the last stage of purification and is recirculated back to the furnace due to the high Cu content. This recirculation involves a severe problem of As accumulation in the industrial process. The objective of this work was to develop a procedure to fully dissolve the ES, removing the As and recovering its Cu content. The ES dissolution process was optimised (dissolution efficiency > 99%) in H2SO4 (1.4 M)/HNO3 (1.8 M) medium using a 1:20 g mL-1 solid-to-liquid ratio. As was removed from the ES solution by its precipitation as iron (III) arsenate, with high efficiency (more than 70%). After As removal, the Cu can be precipitated as copper sulphate, which is used in several applications.


Subject(s)
Arsenic , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Water Purification , Copper , Electrolysis , Iron , Sewage
6.
Environ Pollut ; 268(Pt A): 115843, 2021 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33143977

ABSTRACT

Phosphogypsum (PG) is disposed worldwide in large stacks usually placed in coastal zones, as in the case of Huelva (SW of Spain), where around 100 Mt of PG are stored on the salt marshes of the Tinto River estuary covering a surface of about 1000 ha. This management generates the weathering of PG, and due to its high acidity (pH ≈ 2) and pollutant load can provoke significant emissions into their surroundings. In this work were evaluated by laboratory experiments the effects of pH increase in the behaviour of heavy metals and natural radionuclides during the mixing of phosphogypsum leachates with seawater. The acidic phosphogypsum leachates showed concentrations of heavy metals from two to three orders of magnitude higher than natural continental waters, and natural radionuclides (U-isotopes and 210Po) from four to five orders of magnitude higher than unperturbed aquatic systems. Major elements and some heavy metals as Mn, Ni, Cd, As, Sb and Co showed a conservative behaviour during the neutralisation of the leachates with seawater, remaining in the liquid phase, while other ones as Al, Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb precipitated and/or were adsorbed onto the solid phase. The U-isotopes and 210Po showed a clear non-conservative behaviour probably due to coprecipitation/adsorption processes onto the formed precipitates, but while 210Po reached a total removal at pH ≈ 7, U- isotopes after a total removal at pH ≈ 5 returned into the liquid phase due to redissolution/desorption processes at near neutral pH. The formed precipitates, mainly composed by iron phosphates particles, showed heavy metal and natural radionuclide concentrations from one to three orders of magnitude higher than unperturbed soils. All these facts demonstrate the serious environmental impact produced by the PG stacks into their surroundings and the urgency of effective restoration measures.


Subject(s)
Metals, Heavy , Calcium Sulfate , Environmental Monitoring , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Phosphorus , Radioisotopes/analysis , Seawater , Spain
7.
Chemosphere ; 253: 126682, 2020 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32283426

ABSTRACT

The industry devoted to the production of phosphoric acid by using as raw material sedimentary phosphate rock (PR) is considered as a NORM activity (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials), due to the high levels of U-series radionuclides contained in this ore, which are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those in unperturbed soils. This fact allowed us to develop a deep characterization of the raw materials, wastes, main intermediate materials, and final products obtained at a typical phosphoric acid factory. The elemental composition (major, minor and trace elements), radionuclide concentrations, grain size distribution, mineralogy and micro-structural composition were analyzed. The aim of this characterization was to obtain information for operators and maintenance personnel involved in clean-up and waste management operations. The highest concentrations of some heavy metals and radionuclide activity concentrations were found in the "scales" (or internal incrustations)from the pipes that carry either phosphoric acid (PA) or the phosphogypsum waste (PG). The highest concentrations where found for 226Ra and 40K,with values up to 9 and 5 Bq g-1, respectively. In addition, high concentrations of many toxic heavy metals and trace elements, such as Cd, Cr, Ni, Sr, Y, V, Zn, Th, and U, were found in some sludge samples. The shielding effect of the containers/vessels/pipes has an essential role in the measured external dose in the intermediate products. The radiological implications of natural radionuclides with higher activity showed that if the maximum particulate matter concentration established in the Spanish regulation is verified, and taking into account the most conservative scenario, the annual limit of 1 mSv y-1 is not exceeded.


Subject(s)
Chemical Industry , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Phosphoric Acids/chemistry , Radiation Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Calcium Sulfate , Humans , Metals, Heavy , Phosphates , Phosphorus , Plants , Radioisotopes/analysis , Soil
8.
J Hazard Mater ; 393: 122344, 2020 07 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32126424

ABSTRACT

A common method to measure radon exhalation rates relies on the accumulation chamber technique. Usually, this approach only considers one-dimensional gas transport within the soil that neglects lateral diffusion. However, this lateral transport could reduce the reliability of the method. In this work, several cylindrical-shaped accumulation chambers were built with different heights to test if the insertion depth of the chamber into the soil improves the reliability of the method and, in that case, if it could limit the radon lateral diffusion effects. To check this hypothesis in laboratory, two reference exhalation boxes were manufactured using phosphogypsum from a repository located nearby the city of Huelva, in the southwest of Spain. Laboratory experiments showed that insertion depth had a deep impact in reducing the effective decay constant of the system, extending the interval where the linear fitting can be applied, and consistently obtaining reliable exhalation measurements once a minimum insertion depth is employed. Field experiments carried out in the phosphogypsum repository showed that increasing the insertion depth could reduce the influence of external effects, increasing the repeatability of the method. These experiments provided a method to obtain consistent radon exhalation measurements over the phosphogypsum repository.

9.
Biochimie ; 139: 107-114, 2017 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28595901

ABSTRACT

Important health benefits have been attributed to monoacylglycerols (MAGs) due to their various physiological functions, owing to which they become candidates for use as functional foods in order to prevent the onset of certain diseases such as colon cancer. In this work, six edible oils, namely: olive, linseed, sunflower, evening primrose, DHASCO® and ARASCO® have been processed to obtain different MUFA- and PUFA- based MAGs. First, the oils were hydrolyzed by means of an enzymatic process using porcine pancreatic lipase and then the reaction products were fractionated by using a liquid chromatography column containing silica gel as stationary phase in order to purify the MAGs-enriched fraction. A second chromatography process was performed using silver nitrate coated silica gel as stationary phase, in order to obtain the different MUFA- and PUFA-based MAGs from the corresponding oils. Overall, MAGs based on oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, γ-linolenic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids have been isolated in high yields and purities (92.6, 97.4, 95.3, 90.9, 100 and 95.3% purity, respectively). Positional distribution was determined by means of 1H NMR, which revealed a mix of 1(3) and 2-MAGs in variable proportions in the different MAGs.


Subject(s)
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/chemistry , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/chemistry , Monoglycerides/isolation & purification , Plant Oils/chemistry , Animals , Chromatography, Liquid , Lipase/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Pancreas/enzymology , Swine
10.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 64(1): 32-40, 2017 Jan.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27633384

ABSTRACT

Malignant hyperthermia is a hypermetabolic syndrome that appears in susceptible patients after exposure to certain anaesthetic drugs (succinylcholine, inhalation anaesthetics). Its incidence in Spain is 1 in 40,000 adults, with a 10% mortality rate. It is induced by an abnormal regulation of the ryanodine receptors, producing a massive release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the striate muscle. Clinical manifestations include: CO2 increase, tachycardia, haemodynamic instability, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, profuse sweating, hyperpyrexia, CPK increase, myoglobinuria, kidney failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and ending in cardiac arrest. Dantrolene sodium is a ryanodine receptor antagonist, and inhibits the release of intracellular calcium. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by the exposure of muscle fibres to caffeine and halothane. Protocols can help guarantee a reliable and secure management when this severe event occurs.


Subject(s)
Clinical Protocols , Disease Management , Malignant Hyperthermia/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Caffeine/pharmacology , Calcium Signaling/drug effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Critical Care/methods , Dantrolene/pharmacology , Dantrolene/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Halothane/pharmacology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Malignant Hyperthermia/diagnosis , Malignant Hyperthermia/epidemiology , Malignant Hyperthermia/physiopathology , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects , Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome/diagnosis , Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/drug effects , Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/physiology , Serotonin Syndrome/diagnosis
11.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr ; 71(2): 197-203, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27143140

ABSTRACT

D. tenuifolia and V. locusta, two greens, were analyzed for active compounds and antitumor actions on colorectal cancer cells. Phenolics were determined by UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS; carotenoids and glucosinolates by HPLC-MS; and sterols and fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). For antitumor effects, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) tests were run on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, and in CCD-18 untransformed enterocyte cells. Six main carotenoids were identified in both vegetables, while total carotenoids accounted for 3520 and 2970 µg · g(-1) dry weight in D. tenuifolia and V. locusta, respectively. Six phenolics were detected in D. tenuifolia (68,600 µg · g(-1) dry weight) and five in V. locusta (139,000 µg · g(-1) dry weight). Three glucosinolates (GSL) were found in D. tenuifolia (1960 µg · g(-1) dry wt. total). Low-polarity extracts from V. locusta and D. tenuifolia showed IC50 ~ 150 and ~200 µg · mL(-1) on HT-29 cells, while both plants lacked actions on CCD-18 cells. V. locusta inhibited HT-29 cancer cells viability more efficiently than D. tenuiofolia, but induced less cytotoxicity. This work highlights the importance of functional foods for colorectal cancer prevention.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Brassicaceae/chemistry , Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control , Functional Food , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Valerianella/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/analysis , Carotenoids/analysis , Fatty Acids/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Glucosinolates/analysis , HT29 Cells , Humans , Phenols/analysis , Phytochemicals/analysis , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Sterols/analysis , Vegetables/chemistry
12.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 36(1): 125-34, 2013 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23603465

ABSTRACT

The aim of the current research was to assess the possible influence of copper sulphate contamination on the antioxidant enzymatic defenses and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Quadruplicated lots of this fish were exposed to three increasing sub-lethal concentrations of Cu (0.10; 0.17 and 0.25mgCu/L) and a control without Cu for 20 days. Previous to laboratory acclimation, 8 fish were taken to define the initial population. At the end of the trials, 12 fish/sex/treatment were sampled for the determination of levels of copper in gills, metallothioneins (MTs) content, total lipids, fatty acids profiles and antioxidant enzymatic activity, as well as lipid peroxidation. Most of the antioxidant enzymatic defenses assayed were not activated and lipid peroxidation decreased significantly in fish exposed to any concentration of copper applied. This leads us to presume the existence of a protective mechanism against peroxidation other than the enzymatic antioxidant defense, which could be related to the observed increase of copper content in the gills.


Subject(s)
Copper Sulfate/toxicity , Cyprinodontiformes/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Catalase/metabolism , Copper Sulfate/pharmacokinetics , Female , Fish Proteins/metabolism , Gills/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Glutathione Reductase/metabolism , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Metallothionein/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/pharmacokinetics
13.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 60(4): 345-50, 2013 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22747976

ABSTRACT

In 2010, Coxiella burnetii was identified at a high prevalence in the placentas of Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) collected at a single rookery on St. Paul Island Alaska; an area of the United States where the agent was not known to be present. As contamination was hypothesized as a potential cause of false positives, but nothing was known about environmental C. burnetii in the region, an environmental survey was conducted to look for the prevalence and distribution of the organism on the island. While environmental prevalence was low, two strains of the organism were identified using PCR targeting the COM1 and IS1111 genes. The two strains are consistent with the organism that has been increasingly identified in marine mammals as well as a strain type more commonly found in terrestrial environments and associated with disease in humans and terrestrial animals. Further work is needed to elucidate information regarding the ecology of this organism in this region, particularly in association with the coastal environment.


Subject(s)
Coxiella burnetii/classification , Environment , Fur Seals/microbiology , Q Fever/epidemiology , Alaska/epidemiology , Animals , Coxiella burnetii/genetics , Coxiella burnetii/isolation & purification , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Islands , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Q Fever/microbiology , Q Fever/veterinary
14.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 77(1): 51-6, 2012 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22387331

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Kabuki syndrome (OMIM: #147 920) presents as large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, dysplastic ears and in most cases, with mental retardation. Patients have minor and major abnormalities in different systems. Its genetic basis is heterogeneous, but recently has been associated with mutations in gen MLL2. CASE REPORTS: We present two patients with clinical features compatibles with the syndrome, mainly: large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, flat nose, persistent fingertip pads, cardiopathies and renal anomalies. COMMENTARY: The diagnosis of this condition is clinical. The characteristics in the cases are compared with the patients reported in the literature. The importance of early diagnosis is to provide preventive management and an appropriate genetic counseling for the family.


Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Hematologic Diseases/diagnosis , Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis , Child , Face/abnormalities , Humans , Male , Phenotype
15.
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol ; 24(4): 189-91, 2011 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21600807

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of voiding dysfunction (VD) in patients with persistent vulvovaginitis (PVV), and to evaluate the clinical response of PVV in the treatment of VD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Girls four years or older who consulted for PVV for at least one month and who did not respond to general measures. A physical examination was performed with visual inspection and colposcopy; vaginal samples for culture and vaginoscopy were carried out. On every patient urodynamic studies were performed. Girls who were diagnosed with VD were treated. A pediatric gynecologist did the follow-up; a successful response was considered when inflammatory symptoms and vaginal discharge ceased. RESULTS: Twenty patients were included, mean age 8.6 years (range: 4.6-14 years); 75% prepubertal symptoms lasted for 1.8 years; 19 (95%) had urodynamia, 10 (52.6%) had an overactive bladder, 8 (42.1%) external bladder sphincter dyssynergia, 1 (5.2%) hypotonic bladder, and 13 (65%) showed improvement. CONCLUSION: VD is an important cause when considering the etiology of PVV.


Subject(s)
Urination Disorders/etiology , Vulvovaginitis/complications , Adolescent , Biofeedback, Psychology , Child , Child, Preschool , Colposcopy , Female , Humans , Mandelic Acids/administration & dosage , Muscarinic Antagonists/administration & dosage , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Urination Disorders/therapy , Urodynamics , Vulvovaginitis/therapy
17.
Transplant Proc ; 40(9): 3237-40, 2008 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19010242

ABSTRACT

Steroids have been a cornerstone in renal transplant immunosuppression despite cardiovascular risk and growth impairment in children. New immunosuppressive drugs have allowed early withdrawal or even complete avoidance of steroids. To evaluate a new immunosuppressive protocol with early withdrawal of steroids in a pediatric renal transplant population, we initiated a prospective study in recipients >1 year old who showed low immunologic risk was started. Group A (n = 12) received decreasing doses of steroids until day posttransplant 7 under a regimen of Tacrolimus (FK) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Group B (n = 11) were controls treated with steroids, cyclosporine and azathioprine. In both groups, induction therapy included basiliximab. We evaluated anthropometric and biochemical variables, acute rejection episodes (ARE), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Mean values and variations for continuous variables were calculated at months 1 and 3 for comparison at the same time using student's t-test and regresion analysis. We obtained mean values at months 1, 3, and 6 for groups A and B of creatinine clearance (mL/min): 86.2 versus 107.4; 76.9 versus 96.6; 73.3 versus 97.9 (P < .05); hematocrit (%) was 27.4 versus 31.8; 29.3 versus 33.9; 32.9 versus 34.3% (P < .05); total cholesterol (mg/dL), 148 versus 195, 139 versus 85, 142 versus 174 (P < .05); creatinine clearance decreased in both groups during follow-up with a smaller slope among group A (P < .05). No differences were observed between the groups in Z height, diastolic and systolic blood pressures at 6 months of follow-up. Serum total cholesterol mean levels at months 1, 3, and 6 were significantly lower among the group withdrawn from steroids (P < .05). Plasma bicarbonate levels were lower among group A than B; there was no difference in blood glucose levels. No AREs and no difference in CMV infections were observed. In conclusion, early withdrawal of steroids with FK and MMF was not associated with a higher incidence of either ARE or CMV infection. Lower levels of cholesterol could imply a reduced cardiovascular risk. Longer follow-up is needed to evaluate the impact of this therapy on renal function and linear growth.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Basiliximab , Child , Creatinine/blood , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination , Graft Survival , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney Transplantation/physiology , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use , Tacrolimus/therapeutic use , Time Factors
20.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 16(2): 69-77, abr.-jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-048109

ABSTRACT

El uso de monitores de profundidad anestésica, basados en el electroencefalograma, ha demostrado su utilidad tanto en la disminución de los despertares intraoperatorios como en la titulación de los distintos fármacos anestésicos. Varios aparatos han sido diseñados con la intención de extraer y procesar el registro electroencefalográfico, dando como resultado un valor numérico representativo de un nivel de hipnosis. Distintos estudios analizan la diferencia entre estos monitores y el comportamiento de los mismos con los fármacos anestésicos utilizados en la práctica diaria; recientemente ha aparecido un nuevo módulo para la medición de la hipnosis, entropía, basado en un concepto termodinámico, analiza los datos según su variabilidad; aportando como novedad dos indicadores, entropía de respuesta y entropía de estado, que recogen un rango de frecuencias electroencefalográficas distintas, con la intención de poder distinguir entre electromiograma y electroencefalograma


Anaesthesia depth monitors that are based mainly on the electroencephalogram (EEG) have demonstrated but also titrating the different anaesthetic agents. Several devices have been designed to analyse and process the EEG trace and obtain a single number that represents the hypnpsis level. Different studies analyse this monitors and their response with the anaesthetics agents used on the daily practice. Recently the entropy monitor have appeared, it is based on the thermodynamic concept, analyzes the data variability and innovates to offer two different indexes: response and state entropy; that allow distinguish between electromyogram and electroencephalogram


Subject(s)
Humans , Entropy , Monitoring, Physiologic , Monitoring Stations , Hypnosis, Anesthetic , Anesthesia , Electromyography/methods , Electromyography , Electroencephalography/methods , Electroencephalography
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