[Rectal prolapse revealing a tumor: The role of abdominal ultrasound]. / Prolapsus rectal révélant une tumeur : intérêt de l'échographie abdominale, à propos de 3 cas.

Rectal prolapse is rare in children and usually benign. However, there are various diseases that can be associated with it, such as cystic fibrosis or other causes of increased abdominal pressure. Here, we review the various underlying conditions that pediatricians or pediatric gastroenterologists should consider in the case of rectal prolapse. We report on three cases of children with a rectal prolapse and intra-abdominal tumors. Current recommendations and practice do not include a systematic check via abdominal imaging in cases of rectal prolapse. However, in some situations, imaging is indicated to detect a possible expansive process. Thus, in the presence of recurrent prolapse or of associated urinary or neurological signs, imaging is justified so as to allow for an early diagnosis and treatment of these neoplasms. Given its lack of radiation exposure and good sensitivity in children, ultrasound imaging is the first choice.

[Nodular focal hyperplasia in a child]. / Hyperplasie nodulaire focale hépatique chez l'enfant.

We report the case of seven year old girl, suffering from Steinert's disease and developing a nodular focal hyperplasia. The latter was fortuitously discovered on the occasion of an echography performed during the follow up of a post-catheterisation umbiblical vein hematoma. The lesion increased and became symptomatic. Nodular focal hyperplasia is a rare pathology in a child of that age and can be treated differently than in adults.

[Clinical case: Ménétrier's disease of childhood]. / Le cas clinique du mois. Maladie de Ménétrier chez l'enfant.

We report the case of 3 years and 2 months old boy who presented vomiting associated with eyelid edema of recent onset. The paraclinical exploration has allowed us to establish the diagnosis of benign hypertrophic gastritis or Ménétrier's disease. The interest in this case resides in his rare appearance, benignity and transience, during the childhood, contrasted with the adult where chronic form and a risk of cancer predominates.

[Retrospective study of childhood lymphomas. Report of 27 children treated at a single institution]. / Etude rétrospective des lymphomes de l'enfant. A propos de 27 cas traités dans une même institution.

Childhood lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of disorders that are quite different from adult lymphomas. Over the past three decades, empirical chemotherapeutic management has transformed survival figures, and more recently greater understanding of the biology is offering hope for improved management of resistant disease. We present here the experience of a single institution in the management of 27 childhood lymphomas; epidemiological and clinical characteristics are described as well as survival rates. The median follow up of the patients is 4 years 7 months. The five-year overall survival for the entire group is more than 95 %; the 5-year disease free survival is 91,6 % for Hodgkin's lymphomas, 92,8% for non Hodgkin's lymphomas and 100% for Burkitt diseases. Two relapses have occurred and all of them appeared within the 18 months of the diagnosis. No toxic death has been reported.

[Jeremy, age 6 and one-half months, consulting for hypotrophy]. / Jeremy, 6 mois et demi, consulte pour hypotrophie.

This is the medical history of a 6 month old baby who suffers from retarded weight gain. The difficulties encountered in establishing the diagnosis are outlined.

Brachymorphism-onychodysplasia-dysphalangism syndrome.

Three unrelated children are reported with intrauterine proportionate growth retardation and facial dysmorphism (broad nose, flat malar area, large mouth, pointed chin), microcephaly, hypo/aplasia of the terminal fifth digits, and (sub)normal intelligence. Radiological findings include hypo/aplasia or fusion of the distal phalanges of the fifth finger and toe, brachymesophalangism V, and nail dysplasia or aplasia. One child had cystic adenomatoid disease of the lung. The pattern of anomalies presented by these children closely resembles a syndrome incompletely delineated in 1971 by Senior in six children, which has often been considered to be a mild form of Coffin-Siris syndrome. We suggest that this is an independent entity (BOD syndrome). The aetiology is still unknown. Differential diagnosis and nosological difficulties are discussed.