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1.
Actas Urol Esp ; 30(7): 667-74, 2006.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17058611

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of diagnostic tools available at the primary care setting [medical history (MH), I-PSS questionnaire, digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) evaluation] for the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 363 patients with suspected prostatic disease referred to urology outpatient clinics were included. For every subject initial BPH diagnosis was collected at each of the following sequential procedures: 1) MH; 2) I-PSS; 3) DRE; and 4) PSA. Each of these diagnostic decisions were compared to a final diagnosis (gold standard) reached after the addition of urinary sediment analysis, ultrasonographic assessment of residual volume and prostatic volume, and peak urinary flow measurement. A descriptive analysis was undertaken: validity and concordance between each diagnostic step and the gold standard was calculated. RESULTS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of diagnosis based on MH+I-PSS+DRE+PSA with respect to the gold standard were 91%, 65%, 95% and 50%, respectively. The percentage of agreement and kappa index between both diagnostic strategies were 87.9% and 0.5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Concordance between BPH initial diagnosis based on MH+I-PSS+DRE+PSA and diagnosis based on a full range of tests was high, thus allowing recommending the use of this group of initial diagnostic procedures, which are available to the primary care physician, not only as a first diagnostic step in patients with suspected BPH, but also as a valid strategy to prevent unnecessary delay in its initial management and to facilitate appropriate referral from primary to specialized care.


Subject(s)
Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Aged , Algorithms , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery , Reproducibility of Results , Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male/methods
2.
Actas urol. esp ; 30(7): 667-674, jul.-ago. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-048367

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la validez de los métodos diagnósticos al alcance del primer escalón del nivel asistencial [historia clínica (HC), cuestionario I-PSS, tacto rectal (TR) y determinación del antígeno prostático específico (PSA)], para el diagnóstico de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata (HBP). Población y Métodos: Participaron 363 pacientes atendidos en consultas externas de urología por sospecha de HBP. El diagnóstico inicial de HBP se fue realizando tras la aplicación secuencial de cada una de las siguientes pruebas: 1) HC 2) I-PSS 3) TR y 4) PSA. El diagnóstico emitido tras cada uno de los 4 pasos, se contrastó con el diagnóstico final (gold standard) tras la evaluación de sedimento urinario, volumen miccional residual y tamaño prostático por ecografía y flujometría urinaria. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se calculó la validez y concordancia entre cada paso diagnóstico y el gold standard. Resultados: La sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo del diagnóstico basado en HC+IPSS+ TR+PSA con respecto al diagnóstico final fueron 91%, 65%, 95% y 50% respectivamente. El porcentaje de acuerdo y el índice kappa entre ambos diagnósticos fueron 87,9% y 0,5, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La concordancia entre el diagnóstico inicial basada en la historia clínica, cuestionario I-PSS, TR y PSA, y el diagnóstico final de HBP es alta, lo que permite recomendar el uso del conjunto de estas pruebas accesibles en el primero de los escalones asistenciales no sólo como primer paso diagnóstico en los pacientes con sospecha de HBP, sino también como estrategia válida para evitar retrasos innecesarios en su manejo inicial y facilitar la adecuada derivación entre los niveles de atención primaria y especializada


Objective: To assess the validity of diagnostic tools available at the primary care setting [medical history (MH), I-PSS questionnaire, digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) evaluation] for the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Subjects and Methods: 363 patients with suspected prostatic disease referred to urology outpatient clinics were included. For every subject initial BPH diagnosis was collected at each of the following sequential procedures: 1) MH; 2) I-PSS; 3) DRE; and 4) PSA. Each of these diagnostic decisions were compared to a final diagnosis (gold standard) reached after the addition of urinary sediment analysis, ultrasonographic assessment of residual volume and prostatic volume, and peak urinary flow measurement. A descriptive analysis was undertaken; validity and concordance between each diagnostic step and the gold standard was calculated. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of diagnosis based on MH+IPSS+ DRE+PSA with respect to the gold standard were 91%, 65%, 95% and 50%, respectively. The percentage of agreement and kappa index between both diagnostic strategies were 87.9% and 0.5, respectively. Conclusions: Concordance between BPH initial diagnosis based on MH+I-PSS+DRE+PSA and diagnosis based on a full range of tests was high, thus allowing recommending the use of this group of initial diagnostic procedures, which are available to the primary care physician, not only as a first diagnostic step in patients with suspected BPH, but also as a valid strategy to prevent unnecessary delay in its initial management and to facilitate appropriate referral from primary to specialized care


Subject(s)
Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Sensitivity and Specificity , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Predictive Value of Tests , Prostatic Hyperplasia/epidemiology , Prostatic Hyperplasia/etiology , Rheology/methods
3.
Aten Primaria ; 36(2): 93-9, 2005 Jun 30.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15989831

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess Spanish general population opinion on prescription medicine information which they currently access or would like to. Design. Cross-sectional descriptive study through telephone interviews. Setting. Spanish general population. February-March 2003. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1069 subjects from 16 to 90 years old were interviewed. Main measures. Questionnaire developed after reviewing legislation and literature, and validated by an expert panel in medical information. RESULTS: A total of 87.7% of subjects usually obtain medicines upon medical prescription. The most important prescription medicine information sources are drug information leaflet (75.9%; 95% CI, 73.3-78.5), physicians (54.9%; 95% CI, 51.8-58.0), pharmacists (17.4%; 95% CI, 15.1-19.7 and nurses (6.7%; 95% CI, 5.2-8.2). Less than 3% of subjects obtain prescription medicine information through Internet. A total of 52.9% (95% CI, 49.9-55.8) of subjects feel they are inadequately informed about prescription medicine and would like to have more access to it through sources different than health care staff. A total of 45.6% (95% CI, 42.6-48.6) of subjects would find convenient to receive information from pharmaceutical companies. This information should be qualified and supervised by health authorities. Brief written materials provided by physicians or pharmacists, would be the most appropriate way for patients to obtain prescription medicine information from pharmaceutical companies. CONCLUSIONS: Spanish general population feel they have poor information on prescription medicine and would like to get access to qualified information from different sources, including the one provided by the pharmaceutical industry.


Subject(s)
Drug Information Services , Drug Prescriptions , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Confidence Intervals , Consumer Behavior , Data Collection , Education , Employment , Female , Humans , Internet , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged , Pamphlets , Pharmacists , Physician-Patient Relations , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(2): 93-99, jun. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-041350

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Conocer la opinión de los ciudadanos españoles acerca de la información de medicamentos de prescripción a la que actualmente tienen acceso y a la que les gustaría acceder. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, a través de encuesta telefónica. Emplazamiento. Población general española. Febrero-marzo de 2003. Participantes. Se entrevistó a 1.069 individuos entre 16 y 90 años de edad. Mediciones principales. Cuestionario elaborado tras una revisión de la legislación y la bibliografía que ha sido validado por representantes de diferentes colectivos involucrados en información médica. Resultados. El 87,7% de los individuos obtiene medicamentos con receta médica. Las principales fuentes de información de medicamentos de prescripción para el ciudadano son el prospecto (75,9%; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 73,3-78,5), los médicos (54,9%; IC del 95%, 51,8-58,0), los farmacéuticos (17,4%; IC del 95%, 15,1-19,7) y las enfermeras (6,7%; IC del 95%, 5,2-8,2). Menos de un 3% de los ciudadanos consulta internet para buscar información sobre medicamentos. Un 52,9% (IC del 95%, 49,9-55,8) se considera poco informado y demanda mayor acceso a la información de medicamentos de prescripción. Un 45,6% (IC del 95%, 42,6-48,6) cree que se debería permitir que las compañías farmacéuticas proporcionasen información de medicamentos de prescripción, que debería ser de calidad y estar supervisada por las autoridades sanitarias. Los ciudadanos encuestados citan la entrega de folletos o material escrito a través del médico o el farmacéutico como los medios principales para la distribución al paciente de información acerca de los medicamentos por parte de las compañías farmacéuticas. Conclusiones. La población general española declara estar poco informada sobre los medicamentos de prescripción y está interesada en obtener mayor acceso a una información de calidad de diversas fuentes, incluida la que procede de la industria farmacéutica


Objective. To assess Spanish general population opinion on prescription medicine information which they currently access or would like to. Design. Cross-sectional descriptive study through telephone interviews. Setting. Spanish general population. February-March 2003. Participants. A total of 1069 subjects from 16 to 90 years old were interviewed. Main measures. Questionnaire developed after reviewing legislation and literature, and validated by an expert panel in medical information. Results. A total of 87.7% of subjects usually obtain medicines upon medical prescription. The most important prescription medicine information sources are drug information leaflet (75.9%; 95% CI, 73.3-78.5), physicians (54.9%; 95% CI, 51.8-58.0), pharmacists (17.4%; 95% CI, 15.1-19.7 and nurses (6.7%; 95% CI, 5.2-8.2). Less than 3% of subjects obtain prescription medicine information through Internet. A total of 52.9% (95% CI, 49.9-55.8) of subjects feel they are inadequately informed about prescription medicine and would like to have more access to it through sources different than health care staff. A total of 45.6% (95% CI, 42.6-48.6) of subjects would find convenient to receive information from pharmaceutical companies. This information should be qualified and supervised by health authorities. Brief written materials provided by physicians or pharmacists, would be the most appropriate way for patients to obtain prescription medicine information from pharmaceutical companies. Conclusions. Spanish general population feel they have poor information on prescription medicine and would like to get access to qualified information from different sources, including the one provided by the pharmaceutical industry


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Middle Aged , Humans , Drug Information Services , Drug Prescriptions , Confidence Intervals , Data Collection , Education , Employment , Internet , Interviews as Topic , Physician-Patient Relations , Spain
5.
Med. integral (Ed. impr) ; 35(10): 450-454, mayo 2000. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-7800

ABSTRACT

La cirrosis hepática se define como la presencia difusa en el hígado de fibrosis y nódulos, consecuencia de la reparación de la necrosis hepatocelular debida a diferentes causas. En nuestro medio, la etiología más frecuente se debe al consumo excesivo de alcohol y a la infección crónica por los virus B y C. La cirrosis compensada es aquélla en la que no se han manifestado las complicaciones secundarias a la progresión de la enfermedad que conduce al fallo de la función hepatocelular y al aumento de la presión portal. La cirrosis compensada es una enfermedad latente que puede descubrirse por un análisis de rutina o en el estudio de unos síntomas inespecíficos. El estudio se basará en la exploración física, así como las alteraciones analíticas, ecográficas y la biopsia hepática. La historia natural de la cirrosis hepática de etiología vírica no está del todo establecida, se acepta que es necesario el paso de un intervalo de tiempo largo.El tratamiento de la cirrosis se basará en el tratamiento de la causa etiológica.Lo recomendable en el seguimiento de la cirrosis compensada será mantener un control evolutivo clínico, analítico y ecográfico (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/therapy
6.
Med. integral (Ed. impr) ; 35(10): 437-441, mayo 2000. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-7798

ABSTRACT

La hepatitis aguda es una entidad que se caracteriza por la inflamación aguda con necrosis del parénquima hepático. Su origen es múltiple: infeccioso, alcohólico, por fármacos y tóxicos, metabólico y autoinmune. De forma general comparten características comunes en cuanto a la sintomatología, siendo el cuadro más frecuente el de un paciente que refiere mal estado general con síntomas inespecíficos como la astenia o la fiebre de bajo grado. Analíticamente el patrón más característico es el de elevación de las enzimas de citólisis (AST, ALT) y de la bilirrubina, siendo necesario para el diagnóstico etiológico, además de un buen interrogatorio para orientar los posibles casos debidos al alcohol, otros tóxicos y fármacos, la práctica de serologías específicas en las hepatitis de causa vírica y el estudio metabólico y de inmunidad en otros casos. Si determinar el origen resultara difícil puede ser necesaria la práctica de una biopsia hepática. Las hepatitis víricas agudas se deben a los virus A, B, C, E y delta. El tratamiento de todas ellas será sintomático, si bien existe la posibilidad de tratamiento profiláctico con vacunas en las hepatitis A y B. La hepatitis C, la de mayor prevalencia en nuestro medio, pocas veces se manifiesta como hepatitis aguda, siendo más frecuente su diagnóstico en fase de cronicidad (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis/diagnosis , Hepatitis/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Hepatitis/classification
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