ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The increase in blood pressure (BP) levels in the postmenopausal period can be partly explained by the decrease in nitric oxide synthases (NOS). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute and one-week effects of beetroot juice nitrate-rich (BRJ-NO3-rich) ingestion on cardiovascular and autonomic performance in response to submaximal aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) who are physically inactive. METHODS: Fourteen postmenopausal women with SAH [mean (SD) age: 59(4) y; BMI (kg/m2): 29.2(3.1)] completed submaximal aerobic exercise bouts after an acute and a one-week intervention with BRJ in a placebo-controlled, randomized, triple-blind, crossover design. Participants ingested either BRJ (800 mg of NO3-) or placebo acutely and drank either BRJ (400 mg of NO3-) or placebo every day for the next six days. After two and ½ hours, they performed a session of aerobic submaximal aerobic exercise, and their systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), heart rate (HR) recovery, and HR variability were measured. RESULTS: In the post-exercise recovery period, SBP dropped significantly in the BRJ-NO3-rich group (-9.28 mmHg [95%CI: -1.68 to -16.88] ES: -0.65, p = 0.019) compared to placebo after acute ingestion. The FMD values increased after acute BRJ-NO3-rich on post-exercise (3.18 % [0.36 to 5.99] ES: 0.87, p = 0.031). After the one-week intervention, FMD values were higher in the BRJ-NO3-rich group before (4.5 % [1.62 to 7.37] ES: 1.21, p = 0.005) and post-exercise measurements (4.2 % [1.52 to 6.87] ES: 1.22, p = 0.004) vs. placebo. HRV indices with remarkable parasympathetic modulation to heart recovered faster on the BRJ-NO3-rich group than placebo group. No between-group differences were identified in values of HR post-exercise recovery in the 30s, 60s, 120s, 180s, and 300s. CONCLUSIONS: Acute and short-term BRJ-NO3-rich ingestion may enhance cardiovascular and autonomic behavior in response to aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women diagnosed with SAH. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05384340.
Subject(s)
Beta vulgaris , Hypertension , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Nitrates/pharmacology , Postmenopause , Dietary Supplements , Fruit and Vegetable Juices , Hypertension/therapy , Exercise/physiology , Blood Pressure , Eating , Double-Blind Method , Cross-Over StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivos: Este estudo avaliou a qualidade de imagens radiográficas expostas em consultórios odontológicos e processadas nos próprios consultórios por cirurgiões-dentistas e/ou auxiliares ou em laboratório, por pesquisadores. Métodos: Dezoito consultórios odontológicos participaram da pesquisa. Cada um recebeu um par de caixas de filmes periapicais Kodak Ektaspeed, os quais foram expostos conjuntamente, com um molar inferior extraído. O tempo de exposição variou em função do consultório odontológico. A auxiliar e/ou o cirurgião-dentista realizaram o processamento de um dos filmes, com as mesmas técnicas e recursos utilizados habitualmente (Grupo 1). O outro filme foi processado por pesquisadores em no Laboratório de Metrologia da Universidade de Pernambuco (Grupo 2). Por meio de questionário, dois radiologistas avaliaram a nitidez, densidade, contraste, definição do esmalte, dentina e junção amelodentinária, erros presentes nas imagens e se cada imagem podia ser suficiente para um bom diagnóstico. A análise estatística foi analisada utilizando o teste do Qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: O Grupo 2 demonstrou maior número de radiografias com baixa densidade e radiografias escuras (p<0,05). O Grupo 1 apresentou maior número de radiografias claras, com pontos escuros, pontos marrons e radiografias arranhadas (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatística significante em relação à nitidez, contraste, definição do esmalte, dentina e junção amelodentinária, presença de pontos claros e capacidade de levar a um bom diagnóstico (p>0,05). Conclusões: Este estudo sugeriu que imagens radiográficas produzidas em consultórios odontológicos apresentam imperfeições na técnica de execução e no processamento. Entretanto, apesar da importância do correto processamento radiográfico, a sobre-exposição de filmes foi a maior causa de falhas na qualidade da imagem.
This work aims evaluate subjectively the quality of radiographic images exposed in dental offices and processed in proper dental offices by surgeon-dentists and/or assistants or in laboratory, by researchers. Methods: Eighteen dental offices integrated the research. Each one received a pair of Kodak Ektaspeed periapical films which was exposed together with an extracted inferior molar. The exposition time varied in function of each dental office. The assistant and/or surgeon dentist carried through the processing of one of the films, with the same technique and resources used habitually (Group 1). The other film was processed by researchers in the Laboratory of Metrology of Federal University of Pernambuco (Group 2). Through a questionnaire, two radiologists evaluated the sharpness, density, contrast, definition of enamel, dentine and amelodentinary junction, errors present in the images and if each image would be enough for a good diagnosis. Results: Through Chi-Square or Fisher´s Exact test, it was observed that Group 2 got a bigger number of radiographs with low density and dark radiographs (p-value<0,05). Group 1 presented a bigger number of clear radiographs, with dark spots, brown spots and scratch radiographs (p-value<0,05). There wasn?t statistical significant difference in relation to sharpness, contrast, definition of enamel, dentine, and amelodentinary junction, presence of clear spots and the capacity of carrying through a good diagnosis (p-value> 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggested that radiographic images produced in dental office present imperfections in technique execution and in the processing. However, despite the importance of a correct radiographic processing, the overexposure of the films was the major cause of flaws in image quality.
ABSTRACT
Root resorption seems to be related to a complex combination of mechanical factors and biological activity, which comprehends the role of immunologic structures including specialized cells. The aim of this research was to explain the development of the process--from mineralization to the destruction of hard tissues--and the possible relationship between root resorption and immunology, along with discussing current concepts described in the literature.
