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1.
Nurs Crit Care ; 29(1): 73-79, 2024 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37125530

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pressure injuries (PIs) are a major problem for healthcare providers, impacting both care costs and patients' quality of life, although they are predominately preventable. These injuries are especially present in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) as a result of the severity of the clinical conditions of patients in this unit. AIM: To develop a simplified version of the Braden scale by removing two of the most subjective subscores-Nutrition and Sensory Perception-in an attempt to reduce the chance of errors by the nursing team during the application of the scale. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted on data collected from patients admitted to the ICU of a private Brazilian tertiary hospital. The resulting data consisted of 5194 patients, 6353 hospital admissions, and 6974 ICU stays. The overall prevalence of PI was 1.09%. RESULTS: The T-test showed that both the Braden and the simplified Braden scores were significantly different between patients with and without PI (p < .001). Patients who developed PIs scored lower than those who did not. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of the Braden Scale was 74.21% (95% CI: 68.61%-79.8%) and of the simplified scale was 72.54% (95% CI: 66.87%-78.22%). The Positive Predictive Value of the Braden Scale was 3.17% when interpolated at the same sensitivity as the simplified scale (47.37%), which achieved 3.26%. CONCLUSIONS: By removing two of the six subscores of the Braden scale we propose a new tool for identifying patients at risk of developing PI in a more objective and fast way. Our results show that classification performance had little negative impact. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: A simplified, less subjective scale allows for more precise and less time-consuming risk classification.


Subject(s)
Pressure Ulcer , Humans , Pressure Ulcer/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Quality of Life , Risk Factors , Intensive Care Units , Risk Assessment/methods
2.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2020. 112 p. ilus., tab., graf..
Thesis in Portuguese | Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-1377637

ABSTRACT

As instituições de saúde têm recebido clientes mais exigentes quanto à qualidade dos serviços prestados. Nessas instituições, a governança corporativa ganhou espaço e credibilidade ao alinhar a gestão do negócio com a da assistência à saúde, garantindo a ambos melhores resultados. Enquanto desdobramento, a governança clínica é uma ferramenta sistematizada em pilares de ações, aplicável a diferentes contextos e práticas de saúde, proporcionando melhorias na qualidade clínica do cuidado, por meio de políticas e diretrizes responsáveis por manter e monitorar padrões de boas práticas e de resultados. As lesões por pressão, por serem consideradas fatores que influenciam negativamente na avaliação dos indicadores da qualidade assistencial e impactam nos custos assistenciais, tornam-se cenário adequado para a aplicação da governança clínica para sua gestão assistencial. Conceitualmente, a lesão por pressão é um dano localizado na pele e ou tecidos moles subjacentes, geralmente, sobre uma proeminência óssea ou relacionada ao uso de dispositivo médico ou a outro artefato, resultante de pressão intensa e ou prolongada em combinação com outros fatores de risco. Assim, reconhece-se a necessidade de uma gestão mais eficaz desse problema de saúde para sua prevenção e tratamento. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar um instrumento de gestão das lesões por pressão nos pacientes em internação hospitalar, por meio da aplicação da ferramenta da governança clínica. Trata-se de uma Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial, que se caracteriza pela realização de melhoramentos na prática assistencial de saúde e enfermagem, por meio da introdução de inovações. Os dados foram resultantes de uma revisão sistemática de escopo da literatura científica nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Scopus, e Web of Science. A amostra de 63 artigos analisada foi do período de 1999 a 2019, em português, espanhol e inglês As principais estratégias identificadas foram relacionadas à equipamentos e materiais para prevenção, boas práticas de cuidado, educação e treinamento, avaliação de risco, envolvimento multiprofissional, participação das gerências no processo, auditoria, mudança de comportamento e de cultura, suporte administrativo, nutrição, implantação de programa para incontinentes, seleção de equipe com interesse na área, comunicação, compromisso, controle mensal dos indicadores e a sua divulgação, registros, comissão de feridas, profissional especializado, levantamento de equipamentos presentes na instituição e levantamento de custos. Diante desses resultados, criou-se um instrumento de gestão das lesões por pressão baseado em estratégias para sua prevenção direcionada para a equipe interdisciplinar e para a mensuração da eficácia no processo. Considerou-se que a gestão das lesões por pressão deve ter como propósito gerenciar os processos de prevenção e de tratamento, proporcionando um cuidado adequado para cada tipo de cliente, de acordo com seu risco de desenvolver este tipo de lesão. Os dados mostraram que a redução da incidência das lesões por pressão nos hospitais deve-se a associação de uma assistência de enfermagem de qualidade com um processo de gestão estratégica das lesões por pressão. Destaca-se que esse processo deve contar com envolvimento de gestores e de uma equipe interdisciplinar, uso de tecnologias inovadoras e suporte contínuo de um enfermeiro estomaterapeuta, para mensurar a eficácia do processo e capacitar a equipe assistencial.


Health institutions have been receiving demanding clients concerned about the quality of care provided. In these institutions, corporate governance makes headway and earns credibility. It is due to the alignment of the management of the business and the management of the health care assistance keeping better results for both sides. As a part of this governance, clinical governance is a tool systematized into pillars of action, applicable to different contexts and health practices. This governance has been providing improvements in the quality of clinical care. It happens due to their policies and guidelines for maintaining and monitoring standards of good practices and results. In this way, as pressure injuries considered a negative factor influencing the assessment of indicator of the quality of care, and also have an impact on care costs, they become a suitable scenario to the application of the clinical governance for their care management. Conceptually, pressure injury is local damage to the underlying skin and / or soft tissues, usually on a bony prominence or related to the use of a medical device or other artifacts resulting from intense and / or prolonged pressure combined with other factors of risk. Based on the aforementioned, it is necessary more effectiveness in the management of this health problem in prevention and treatment moments. This study aimed to develop a pressure injury management tool of inpatients using the clinical governance tool. It is a Convergent Care Research characterized by improvements in healthcare and nursing practice through the introduction of innovations in this context. The data gathered in a systematic scoping literature review of the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Scopus, e Web of Science databases. The sample of 63 articles analyzed was from 1999 to 2019 in Portuguese, Spanish and English. The main strategies identified were equipment and materials for prevention, good practices care, education and training, risk assessment, multi-professional involvement, related to the participation of managers in the process, audit, change in behavior and culture, administrative support, nutrition, implementation of a program for incontinent, selection of a team with an interest in the area, monthly control of indicators and dissemination of them, communication, commitment, records, wound commission, specialized professional, survey of equipment present at the institution and cost analysis. An instrument for the management of pressure injuries was created based on these results. The instrument has strategies of prevention directed at the interdisciplinary team and of measurements of the process effectiveness. It concluded that the management of pressure injuries must have the purpose of managing the prevention and treatment processes, providing adequate care for each type of client according to their risk of developing the injury. The literature review demonstrated that an incidence reduction of pressure injury in hospitals is needed, but to do that depends on the quality of nursing care associated with a whole process of strategic management of injuries. It is noteworthy that this process must have the involvement of managers, an interdisciplinary team and the use of innovative technologies, in addition to the continuous support of a stomatherapist nurse. The stomatherapist nurse can measure the effectiveness of the entire process and educate the entire care team about the issue.


Subject(s)
Quality of Health Care , Health Management , Pressure Ulcer , Clinical Governance , Risk Factors
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