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The evolution of the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses has led to the emergence of distinct groups with genetically similar clusters of hemagglutinin (HA) sequences. In this study, a consensus H5 HA sequence was cloned into the baculovirus expression system. The HA protein was expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells and utilized as the antigen for the production of an oil emulsion-based H5 avian influenza vaccine (rBacH5Con5Mut). Twenty-one-day-old SPF chickens were immunized with this vaccine and then challenged at 21 days post-vaccination with clade 2.3.2.1, clade 2.3.4.4, and clade 7.2 of H5 HPAI viruses. The sera of vaccinated chickens exhibited high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against the rBacH5 vaccine antigen, while lower HI titers were observed against the different challenge virus H5 hemagglutinins. Furthermore, the rBacH5Con5Mut vaccine provided 100% protection from mortality and clinical signs. Virus isolation results showed that oropharyngeal and cloacal shedding was prevented in 100% of the vaccinated chickens when challenged with clade 2.3.2.1 and clade 2.3.4.4 H5 viruses. When the rBacH5Con5Mut vaccine candidate was administrated at one day of age, 100% protection was demonstrated against the challenge of clade 2.3.4.4 virus at three weeks of age, indicating the potential of this vaccine for hatchery vaccination. Overall, A single immunization of rBacH5Con5Mut vaccine candidate with a consensus HA antigen can protect chickens against different clades of H5 HPAI viruses throughout the rearing period of broiler chickens without a boost, thus fulfilling the criteria for an efficacious broad-spectrum H5 avian influenza vaccine.
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Smoke inhalation injury (SII) is the leading cause of death in fire burn patients. The inflammatory response induced by smoke inhalation is a significant factor in the development of acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can alleviate various inflammatory diseases by regulating the polarization of macrophages from the M1 to the M2 phenotype. Moreover, MSCs can facilitate the inflammatory response by regulating Th17/Treg homeostasis. However, little is known about the associations among MSCs, M1/M2 macrophages and Th17/Treg homeostasis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether MSCs affect subsequent Th17/Treg differentiation and immune homeostasis by regulating M1/M2 polarization in SII. Our results showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) ameliorated lung inflammatory injury and fibrosis after SII by affecting the polarization of alveolar macrophages (AMs) from the M1 to the M2 phenotype. Moreover, BMSCs maintain Th17/Treg immune homeostasis by increasing the proportion of Treg cells and decreasing the proportion of Th17 cells. In vitro, we further demonstrated that BMSCs promoted the polarization of AMs from the M1 to the M2 phenotype and decreased IL-23 levels. Reduced IL-23 decreased Th17 differentiation and promoted Th17/Treg balance. Therefore, BMSCs ameliorate the inflammatory response and lung damage after SII through regulating M1/M2 polarization and subsequent Th17/Treg immune homeostasis, which are linked to alveolar macrophage-derived IL-23. These findings provide novel insight into how BMSCs regulate the M1/M2-Th17/Treg immune homeostasis axis and provide new therapeutic targets for more effective control of the inflammatory response after SII.
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The rapid development of electronic communication technology has led to an undeniable issue of electromagnetic pollution, prompting widespread attention from researchers to the study of electromagnetic shielding materials. Herein, a simple and feasible method of melt blending was applied to prepare iPP/TPU/MWCNT nanocomposites with excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. The addition of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) effectively improved the interface compatibility of iPP and TPU. A double continuous structure within the matrix was achieved by controlling the iPP/TPU ratio at 4:6, while the incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes endowed the composites with improved electromagnetic shielding properties. Furthermore, by regulating the addition sequence of raw materials during the melt-blending process, a selective distribution of carbon nanotubes in the TPU matrix was achieved, thereby constructing interconnected conductive networks within the composites, significantly enhancing the electromagnetic shielding performance of iPP/TPU/MWCNTs, which achieved a maximum EMI shielding efficiency of 37.8 dB at an iPP/TPU ratio of 4:6 and an MWCNT concentration of 10 wt.%.
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AIMS: Nerve growth factor (NGF) loss is a potential factor for the degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Rab5a is a key regulatory molecule of NGF signaling transduction. Here, we investigated the changes of Rab5a in 5 × FAD mice and further explored the mechanism of Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment in improving cognition in the early stage of AD. METHODS: The total Rab5a and Rab5a-GTP in 5-month-old 5 × FAD mice and wild-type mice were detected using WB and IP technologies. 5 × FAD mice were treated with EA at the Bai hui (DU20) and Shen ting (DU24) acupoints for 4 weeks and CRE/LOXP technology was used to confirm the role of Rab5a in AD mediated by EA stimulation. The Novel Object Recognition and Morris water maze tests were used to evaluate the cognitive function of 5 × FAD mice. The Nissl, immunohistochemistry, and Thioflavin S staining were used to observe pathological morphological changes in the basal forebrain circuit. The Golgi staining was used to investigate the synaptic plasticity of the basal forebrain circuit and WB technology was used to detect the expression levels of cholinergic-related and NGF signal-related proteins. RESULTS: The total Rab5a was unaltered, but Rab5a-GTP increased and the rab5a-positive early endosomes appeared enlarged in the hippocampus of 5 × FAD mice. Notably, EA reduced Rab5a-GTP in the hippocampus in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice. EA could improve object recognition memory and spatial learning memory by reducing Rab5a activity in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice. Moreover, EA could reduce Rab5a activity to increase NGF transduction and increase the levels of phosphorylated TrkA, AKT, and ERK in the basal forebrain and hippocampus, and increase the expression of cholinergic-related proteins, such as ChAT, vAchT, ChT1, m1AchR, and m2AchR in the basal forebrain and ChAT, m1AchR, and m2AchR in the hippocampus, improving synaptic plasticity in the basal forebrain hippocampal circuit in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice. CONCLUSIONS: Rab5a hyperactivation is an early pathological manifestation of 5 × FAD mice. EA could suppress Rab5a-GTP to promote the transduction of NGF signaling, and enhance the synaptic plasticity of the basal forebrain hippocampal circuit improving cognitive impairment in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Electroacupuncture , Nerve Growth Factor , Signal Transduction , rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins , Animals , Male , Mice , Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Learning/physiology , Maze Learning/physiology , Memory/physiology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Transgenic , Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism , Neuronal Plasticity/physiology , rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Signal Transduction/physiologyABSTRACT
Background: Crush Syndrome (CS), a severe trauma resulting from prolonged muscle compression, is commonly seen in large-scale disasters such as earthquakes. It not only causes localized tissue damage but also triggers electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyperkalemia, increasing the risk of early mortality. This study aims to assess the early intervention effects of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate (SZC) on hyperkalemia in rat CS model. Methods: A rat CS model was established using a self-developed multi-channel intelligent small-animal crush injury platform. Rats in the experimental groups were treated with varying doses of SZC before compression and immediately post-decompression. The efficacy of SZC was evaluated by continuous monitoring of blood potassium levels and survival rates. Serum creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were analyzed, and renal damage was assessed through histopathological examination. Results: SZC treatment significantly reduced blood potassium levels and improved survival rates in rats. Compared to the placebo group, the SZC-treated rats showed a significant decrease in blood potassium levels at 6 and 12 h post-decompression, maintaining lower levels at 24 h. Biochemical analysis indicated no significant impact of SZC on renal function, with no notable differences in Cre and BUN levels between groups. Histopathological findings revealed similar levels of renal damage in both groups. Conclusion: SZC demonstrates significant early intervention effects on hyperkalemia in a rat model of crush injury, effectively improving survival rates without adverse effects on renal function. These results provide a new strategic direction for the clinical treatment of Crush Syndrome and lay the foundation for future clinical applications.
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PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate a characteristic cerebellar hemisphere enhancement pattern on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that could aid in early and specific diagnosis of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pretreatment MR images of 57 patients with intracranial DAVFs between January 1, 2017, and February 28, 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 128 patients with confirmed alternative cerebellar lesions during the same period were included as a control group. All patients underwent enhanced MRI with a 3.0T scanner. The presence or absence of parallel enhanced linear striations on the surface of the cerebellar lesions was documented. Statistically significant differences were determined by the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Cerebellar lesions were identified in 4 intracranial DAVF patients (7.0%). All 4 patients were male, with an average age of 64 years (range: 58-76 years). The pretreatment MR images of all 4 DAVF patients with cerebellar lesions demonstrated the characteristic tigroid enhancement pattern. Tortuous flow voids were present in the MR images of 3 of the 4 patients. Tigroid enhancement pattern was not observed in the remaining 53 intracranial DAVF patients and all control patients. The differences in the incidence of the pattern were significant (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: A characteristic tigroid enhancement pattern of the cerebellar hemisphere on MRI may aid in the early and specific diagnosis of intracranial DAVFs, allowing timely treatment and improving outcomes. CLINICAL IMPACT: The identification of a characteristic tigroid enhancement pattern on MRI for cerebellar hemisphere lesions holds significant promise for clinical practice. This pattern serves as a distinctive marker aiding in the early and specific diagnosis of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). Clinicians can now utilize this innovative finding to expedite diagnostic workflows, enabling timely intervention and management strategies. The incorporation of this novel imaging feature enhances diagnostic accuracy, potentially reducing misdiagnosis rates and preventing delays in treatment initiation. Ultimately, this advancement may lead to improved patient outcomes and quality of care in neurosurgical and neuroradiological practice.
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Peanuts, sourced from various regions, exhibit noticeable differences in quality owing to the impact of their natural environments. This study proposes a fast and nondestructive detection method to identify peanut quality by combining an electronic nose system with a hyperspectral system. First, the electronic nose and hyperspectral systems are used to gather gas and spectral information from peanuts. Second, a module for extracting gas and spectral information is designed, combining the lightweight multi-head transposed attention mechanism (LMTA) and convolutional computation. The fusion of gas and spectral information is achieved through matrix combination and lightweight convolution. A hybrid neural network, named UnitFormer, is designed based on the information extraction and fusion processes. UnitFormer demonstrates an accuracy of 99.06 %, a precision of 99.12 %, and a recall of 99.05 %. In conclusion, UnitFormer effectively distinguishes quality differences among peanuts from various regions, offering an effective technological solution for quality supervision in the food market.
Subject(s)
Arachis , Electronic Nose , Environment , Food , Neural Networks, ComputerABSTRACT
Massive blood loss due to injury is the leading cause of prehospital deaths in disasters and emergencies. Hemostatic materials are used to realize rapid hemostasis and protect patients from death. Researchers have designed and developed a variety of hemostatic materials. However, in addition to their hemostatic effect, hemostatic materials must be endowed with additional functions to meet the practical application requirements in different scenarios. Here, strategies for modifications of hemostatic materials for use in different application scenarios are listed: effective positioning at the site of deep and narrow wounds to stop bleeding, resistance to high blood pressure and wound movement to maintain wound formation, rapid and easy removal from the wound without affecting further treatment after hemostasis is completed, and continued function when retained in the wound as a dressing (such as antibacterial, antiadhesion, tissue repair, etc.). The problems encountered in the practical use of hemostatic materials and the strategies and progress of researchers will be further discussed in this review. We hope to provide valuable references for the design of more comprehensive and practical hemostatic materials.
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ABSTRACT: Crush syndrome (CS), alternatively termed traumatic rhabdomyolysis, is a paramount posttraumatic complication. Given the infeasibility of conducting direct simulation research in humans, the role of animal models is pivotal. Regrettably, the dearth of standardized animal models persists. The objective of this study was to construct a repeatable standardized rat CS models and, based on this, simulate specific clinical scenarios. Methods: Using a self-developed multichannel intelligent small-animal crush injury platform, we applied a force of 5 kg to the hind limbs of 8-week-old rats (280-300 g), subjecting them to a continuous 12 h compression to establish the CS model. Continuous monitoring was conducted for both the lower limbs and the overall body status. After decompression, biochemical samples were collected at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. In addition, we created a CS model after resection of the left kidney (UNx-CS), which was conceptualized to simulate a more challenging clinical scenario to investigate the physiological and pathological responses rats with renal insufficiency combined with crush injury. The results were compared with those of the normal CS model group. Results : Our experiments confirm the stability of the crush injury platform. We defined the standardized conditions for modeling and successfully established rats CS model in bulk. After 12 h of compression, only 40% of the rats in the CS group survived for 24 h. Systemically, there was clear evidence of insufficient perfusion, reflecting the progression of CS from localized to generalized. The injured limbs displayed swelling, localized perfusion deficits, and severe pathological alterations. Significant changes were observed in blood biochemical markers: aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, K+, creatine kinase, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels rose rapidly after decompression and were significantly higher than the sham group. The kidney demonstrated characteristic pathological changes consistent with established CS diagnostic criteria. Although the UNx-CS rat model did not exhibit significant biochemical differences and pathological scores when compared with the standard CS model, it did yield intriguing results with regard to kidney morphology. The UNx-CS group manifested a higher incidence of cortical and medullary protein casts compared with the NC-CS group. Conclusion: We developed and iteratively refined a novel digital platform, addressing the multiple uncontrollable variables that plagued prior models. This study validated the stability of the platform, defined the standardized conditions for modeling and successfully established the CS model with good repeatability in bulk. In addition, our innovative approach to model a clinically challenging scenario, the UNx-CS rat model. This offers an opportunity to delve deeper into understanding the combined effects of preexisting renal compromise and traumatic injury. In summary, the development of a standardized, reproducible CS model in rats represents a significant milestone in the study of Crush syndrome. This study is of paramount significance as it advances the standardization of the CS model, laying a solid foundation for subsequent studies in related domains, especially in CS-AKI.
Subject(s)
Crush Syndrome , Rhabdomyolysis , Animals , Humans , Crush Syndrome/complications , Disease Models, Animal , Kidney/metabolism , Rhabdomyolysis/complications , BiomarkersABSTRACT
Background: With improved tuberculosis (TB) control programs, the incidence of TB in China declined dramatically over the past few decades, but recently the rate of decrease has slowed, especially in large cities such as Shanghai. To help formulate strategies to further reduce TB incidence, we performed a 10-year study in Songjiang, a district of Shanghai, to delineate the characteristics, transmission patterns, and dynamic changes of the local TB burden. Methods: We conducted a population-based study of culture-positive pulmonary TB patients diagnosed in Songjiang during 2011-2020. Genomic clusters were defined with a threshold distance of 12-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms based on whole-genome sequencing, and risk factors for clustering were identified by logistic regression. Transmission inference was performed using phybreak. The distances between the residences of patients were compared to the genomic distances of their isolates. Spatial patient hotspots were defined with kernel density estimation. Findings: Of 2212 enrolled patients, 74.7% (1652/2212) were internal migrants. The clustering rate (25.2%, 558/2212) and spatial concentrations of clustered and unclustered patients were unchanged over the study period. Migrants had significantly higher TB rates but less clustering than residents. Clustering was highest in male migrants, younger patients and both residents and migrants employed in physical labor. Only 22.1% of transmission events occurred between residents and migrants, with residents more likely to transmit to migrants. The clustering risk decreased rapidly with increasing distances between patient residences, but more than half of clustered patient pairs lived ≥5 km apart. Epidemiologic links were identified for only 15.6% of clustered patients, mostly in close contacts. Interpretation: Although some of the TB in Songjiang's migrant population is caused by strains brought by infected migrants, local, recent transmission is an important driver of the TB burden. These results suggest that further reductions in TB incidence require novel strategies to detect TB early and interrupt urban transmission. Funding: Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (ZD2021CY001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272376), National Research Council of Science and Technology Major Project of China (2017ZX10201302-006).
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Crush syndrome (CS), also known as traumatic rhabdomyolysis, is a syndrome with a wide clinical spectrum; it is caused by external compression, which often occurs in earthquakes, wars, and traffic accidents, especially in large-scale disasters. Crush syndrome is the second leading cause of death after direct trauma in earthquakes. A series of clinical complications caused by crush syndrome, including hyperkalemia, myoglobinuria, and, in particular, acute kidney injury (AKI), is the main cause of death in crush syndrome. The early diagnosis of crush syndrome, the correct evaluation of its severity, and accurate predictions of a poor prognosis can provide personalized suggestions for rescuers to carry out early treatments and reduce mortality. This review summarizes various methods for the diagnostic and predictive evaluation of crush syndrome, including urine dipstick tests for a large number of victims, traditional and emerging biomarkers, imaging-assisted diagnostic methods, and developed evaluation models, with the aim of providing materials for scholars in this research field.
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Purpose: Digital interventions for adolescent mental health are emerging in high-income countries, but have faced challenges and are scarce in China. This study investigated the effect of a short video-based mental health intervention on depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Methods: A three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in four junior high schools in Shanghai from December 2020 to December 2021 with the measurement at baseline, 6 months after study entry, and 12 months. Outcomes were collected by self-completed questionnaires administered by teachers masked to allocation. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms assessed by the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRSC). Mixed effects models were used to compare psychologist-led intervention (n=428 students) and teacher-led intervention (n=385) including six short video-based sessions to usual school provision (n=751). Results: Using intention-to-treat analyses, psychologist-led intervention showed more reduction in depressive symptoms compared to usual school provision at 6 months (coefficient -1.00, 95% CI -1.94 to -0.05), but not at 12 months. Using per-protocol analyses among participants who watched at least three video episodes, both psychologist-led (-1.14, -2.20 to -0.09) and teacher-led intervention (-1.23, -2.45 to -0.02) reduced depressive symptoms compared to usual school provision at 6 months, and the effect of teacher-led intervention persisted at 12 months (-1.58, -3.13 to -0.03). Further exploration found that compared with urban students, the between-group differences for depressive symptoms in rural students were more significant (p<0.05 for interaction) and the effects were maintained at 12 months. Conclusion: The short video-based mental health intervention showed potential to reduce depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents, and the effects were more significant if the minimum video viewing frequency was reached.
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BACKGROUND: Astrocytes have been demonstrated to undergo conversion into functional neurons, presenting a promising approach for stroke treatment. However, the development of small molecules capable of effectively inducing this cellular reprogramming remains a critical challenge. METHODS: Initially, we introduced a glial cell marker gene, GFaABC1D, as the promoter within an adeno-associated virus vector overexpressing miR-124 into the motor cortex of an ischemia-reperfusion model in rats. Additionally, we administered NeuroD1 as a positive control. Lentiviral vectors overexpressing miR-124 were constructed and transfected into primary rat astrocytes. We assessed the cellular distribution of GFAP, DCX, and NeuN on days 7, 14, and 28, respectively. RESULTS: In rats with ischemic stroke, miR-124-transduced glial cells exhibited positive staining for the immature neuron marker doublecortin (DCX) and the mature neuron marker NeuN after 4 weeks. In contrast, NeuroD1-overexpressing model rats only expressed NeuN, and the positive percentage was higher in co-transfection with miR-124 and NeuroD1. Overexpression of miR-124 effectively ameliorated neurological deficits and motor functional impairment in the model rats. In primary rat astrocytes transduced with miR-124, DCX was not observed after 7 days of transfection, but it appeared at 14 days, with the percentage further increasing to 44.6% at 28 days. Simultaneously, 15.1% of miR-124-transduced cells exhibited NeuN positivity, which was not detected at 7 and 14 days. In vitro, double fluorescence assays revealed that miR-124 targeted Dll4, and in vivo experiments confirmed that miR-124 inhibited the expression of Notch1 and DLL4. CONCLUSIONS: The overexpression of miR-124 in astrocytes demonstrates significant potential for improving neurological deficits following ischemic stroke by inhibiting DLL4 expression, and it may facilitate astrocyte-to-neuronal transformation.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia , Ischemic Stroke , MicroRNAs , Stroke , Rats , Animals , Astrocytes/metabolism , Ischemic Stroke/genetics , Ischemic Stroke/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Stroke/complications , Stroke/genetics , Stroke/metabolism , MicroRNAs/genetics , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Brain Ischemia/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of exercise training under hypoxia versus normoxia on cognitive function in clinical and non-clinical populations. DATA SOURCES: From inception to June 13th, 2022, a systematic search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of exercise under hypoxic vs normoxic on cognition in clinical and non-clinical populations were included. The systematic search generated 14,894 relevant studies, of which 12 were finally included. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data from included studies. Results were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). Each included study was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 1.0 (RoB1.0) tool. Finally, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to rate the certainty of evidence for each outcome. DATA SYNTHESIS: Overall, 12 studies with a total of 338 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled results suggested that hypoxia exercise had a small but not statistically significant positive effect on overall cognitive function (SMD=0.064, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.156-0.284, P=.567, very low-certainty evidence), when compared with normoxic exercise. Regarding the domain-specific cognitive functions, there was a medium and significant positive effect on memory (SMD=0.594, 95% CI: 0.068 to 1.120, P=.027, very low-certainty evidence), while effects on visuospatial function (SMD=0.490, 95% CI: -0.030 to 1.010, P=.065, very low-certainty evidence), attention (SMD=0.037, 95% CI: -0.340 to 0.414, P=.847, very low-certainty evidence), executive function (SMD=0.096, 95% CI: -0.268 to 0.460, P=.605, very low-certainty evidence), and processing speed (SMD=-0.145, 95% CI: -0.528 to 0.239, P=.459, very low-certainty evidence) were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The current pooled results revealed that hypoxic exercise was related to improved cognitive performance. Nevertheless, exercise under hypoxia did not have a significant advantage in cognitive promotion when compared with exercise under normoxia.
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AIMS: To evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on liver fat content (LFC) and pancreatic fat content (PFC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 84 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were randomly assigned to receive either dapagliflozin (n = 42) or serve as controls (n = 42). The primary endpoint is changes in LFC and PFC using magnetic resonance imaging estimated proton density fat fraction. Secondary outcomes include liver fibrosis index, inflammatory cytokine levels, and liver enzyme levels. RESULTS: At week 24, the dapagliflozin group significantly reduced LFC (P < 0.001) and PFC (P = 0.033) compared to the control group. Differences were also observed in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P = 0.004), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P = 0.001), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.001) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dapagliflozin can significantly decrease LFC and PFC in patients with T2D and NAFLD. It also improves serum ALT, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, making it a promising treatment option for NAFLD. The trial is registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No. ChiCTR2100054612).
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors , Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Interleukin-6 , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnostic imaging , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Benzhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use , Glucosides/therapeutic use , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
The emerging electromagnetic radiation and interference problems have promoted the rapid development of microwave absorption materials (MAMs). However, it remains a severe challenge to construct high-performance microwave absorption materials with broadband, lightweight and corrosion resistance within low filling contents. Herein, hierarchical dandelion-like CoS2 hollow microspheres were reasonably constructed via a solvothermal-hydrothermal etching-in situ vulcanization process. The structure morphology, composition and electromagnetic performance of all samples have been thoroughly tested. The research results demonstrated that the structure morphology of the prepared samples with a volume ratio of 1 : 1 between ethanol and H2O remained intact without serious damage. Notably, the as-obtained hierarchical dandelion-like CoS2 hollow microspheres (25 wt%) exhibited excellent microwave absorption capacity with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -47.3 dB and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.4 GHz at 3.3 mm. Moreover, the broadest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL < -10 dB) reached 9.0 GHz (9.0-18.0 GHz) at the matching thickness of 3.2 mm. The unparalleled multiple features including hierarchical hollow structure, tunable complex permittivity as well as the enhanced impedance matching endowed CoS2 great promise as high-performance microwave absorbers for solving the problem of electromagnetic pollution.
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Small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) are urgently required for clinical applications. Constructing vascular grafts mimicking the defining features of native arteries is a promising strategy. Here, we constructed a tri-layered vascular graft with a native artery decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) mimicking the component of arteries. The porcine thoracic aorta was decellularized and milled into dECM powders from the differential layers. The intima and media dECM powders were blended with poly (L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) as the inner and middle layers of electrospun vascular grafts, respectively. Pure PLCL was electrospun as a strengthening sheath for the outer layer. Salidroside was loaded into the inner layer of vascular grafts to inhibit thrombus formation. In vitro studies demonstrated that dECM provided a bioactive milieu for human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) extension adhesion, proliferation, migration, and tube-forming. The in vivo studies showed that the addition of dECM could promote endothelialization, smooth muscle regeneration, and extracellular matrix deposition. The salidroside could inhibit thrombosis. Our study mimicked the component of the native artery and combined it with the advantages of synthetic polymer and dECM which provided a promising strategy for the design and construction of SDVGs.
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BACKGROUND: Electroacupuncture (EA) is a complementary and alternative therapy which has shown protective effects on vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely understood. METHODS: Rat models of VCI were established with cerebral ischemia using occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or bilateral common carotid artery. The brain structure and function imaging were measured through animal MRI. miRNA expression was detected by chip and qPCR. Synaptic functional plasticity was detected using electrophysiological techniques. RESULTS: This study demonstrated the enhancement of Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) activity of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the entorhinal cortical (EC) and hippocampus (HIP) in response to EA treatment. miR-219a was selected and confirmed to be elevated in HIP and EC in VCI but decreased after EA. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor1 (NMDAR1) was identified as the target gene of miR-219a. miR-219a regulated NMDAR-mediated autaptic currents, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC), and long-term potentiation (LTP) of the EC-HIP CA1 circuit influencing synaptic plasticity. EA was able to inhibit miR-219a, enhancing synaptic plasticity of the EC-HIP CA1 circuit and increasing expression of NMDAR1 while promoting the phosphorylation of downstream calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), improving overall learning and memory in VCI rat models. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of miR-219a ameliorates VCI by regulating NMDAR-mediated synaptic plasticity in animal models of cerebral ischemia.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia , Electroacupuncture , Animals , Rats , Brain , Phosphorylation , HippocampusABSTRACT
The skin is the body's first line of defence, and its physiology is complex. When injury occurs, the skin goes through a complex recovery process, and there is the risk of developing a chronic wound. Therefore, proper wound care is critical during the healing process. In response to clinical needs, wound dressings have been developed. There are several types of wound dressings available for wound healing, but there are still many issues to overcome. With its high controllability and resolution, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is widely regarded as the technology of the next global industrial and manufacturing revolution, and it is a key driving force in the development of wound dressings. Here, we briefly introduce the wound healing mechanism, organize the history and the main technologies of 3D bioprinting, and discuss the application as well as the future direction of development of 3D bioprinting technology in the field of wound dressings.
Subject(s)
Bioprinting , Skin , Bandages , Wound Healing , Printing, Three-DimensionalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence for the effectiveness of multicomponent exercise (an exercise program combining aerobic, endurance, balance, and flexibility exercises) on cognition, physical function, and activities of daily living in people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: We conducted this study under the guidance of a designated protocol (PROSPERO CRD42022324641). Pertinent randomized controlled trials were selected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library by 2 independent authors through May 2022. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included studies following the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Outcome data were extracted in a random effects model and estimated as Hedges' g and 95% confidence interval (CI). To validate specific results, the Egger test combined the Duval and Tweedie "trim and fill" method and sensitivity analysis with study removed were performed. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 21 publications were eligible for the quantitative analysis. In dementia, estimates of Hedges' g showed effects on global cognition (g=0.403; 95% CI, 0.168-0.638; P<.05), especially executive function (g=0.344; 95% CI, 0.111-0.577; P<.05), flexibility (g=0.671; 95% CI, 0.353-0.989; P<.001), agility and mobility (g=0.402; 95% CI, 0.089-0.714; P<.05), muscle strength (g=1.132; 95% CI, 0.420-1.845; P<.05), and activities of daily living (g=0.402; 95% CI, 0.188-0.615; P<.05). Also, a positive trend was observed in gait speed. Additionally, multicomponent exercise had positive effects on global cognition (g=0.978; 95% CI, 0.298-1.659; P<.05) and executive function (g=0.448; 95% CI, 0.171-0.726; P<.05) in patients with MCI. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the viability of multicomponent exercise as a management strategy for patients with dementia and MCI.