Blood-nerve barrier disruption and coagulation system activation induced by mechanical compression injury participate in the peripheral sensitization of trigeminal neuralgia.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) and the coagulation-anticoagulation system in modulating the mechanical allodynia in a trigeminal neuralgia (TN) rat model induced by chronic compression of the trigeminal root entry zone (TREZ). Methods: Von Frey filaments were applied to determine the orofacial mechanical allodynia threshold. The BNB permeability was evaluated by Evans blue extravasation test. Immunohistochemical staining and laser confocal microscopy were used to measure the length of the depletion zones of the nodes of Ranvier in the TREZ, the diameter of nerve fibers and the length of the nodal gap. The transcriptional levels of prothrombin and endogenous thrombin inhibitor protease nexin-1 (PN-1) in the TREZ of TN rats were assessed by RT-qPCR. A Western blotting assay was performed to detect the expression of paranodal proteins neurofascin-155 (NF155) and neurofascin-125 (NF125) in the TREZ. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of thrombin activated receptor (i.e. protease activated receptor 1, PAR1) in TREZ were defined by immunostaining and immunoblotting assays. PAR1 receptor inhibitors SCH79797 were administrated to TN rats to analyze the effect of thrombin-PAR1 on orofacial hyperalgesia. Results: A compression injury of a rat's TREZ successfully induced TN-like behavior and was accompanied by the destruction of the permeability of the BNB and the promotion of prothrombin and thrombin inhibitor protease nexin-1 (PN-1) expression. The expression of the paranodal proteins neurofascin-155 (NF155) and neurofascin-125 (NF125) was increased, while the nodal gap length of the nodes of Ranvier was widened and the length of node-depleted zones was shortened. Moreover, the expression of PAR1 within the TREZ was upregulated at an early stage of TN, and administration of the PAR1 antagonist SCH79797 effectively ameliorated orofacial mechanical allodynia. Conclusion: A compression injury of the TREZ increased the permeability of the BNB and induced disturbances in the local coagulation-anticoagulation system, concomitant with the structural changes in the nodes of Ranvier, thrombin-PAR1 may play a critical role in modulating orofacial mechanical hyperalgesia in a TN rat model.

Single-cell analyses identify distinct and intermediate states of zebrafish pancreatic islet development.

Pancreatic endocrine islets are vital for glucose homeostasis. However, the islet developmental trajectory and its regulatory network are not well understood. To define the features of these specification and differentiation processes, we isolated individual islet cells from TgBAC(neurod1:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish and analyzed islet developmental dynamics across four different embryonic stages using a single-cell RNA-seq strategy. We identified proliferative endocrine progenitors, which could be further categorized by different cell cycle phases with the G1/S subpopulation displaying a distinct differentiation potential. We identified endocrine precursors, a heterogeneous intermediate-state population consisting of lineage-primed alpha, beta and delta cells that were characterized by the expression of lineage-specific transcription factors and relatively low expression of terminally differentiation markers. The terminally differentiated alpha, beta, and delta cells displayed stage-dependent differentiation states, which were related to their functional maturation. Our data unveiled distinct states, events and molecular features during the islet developmental transition, and provided resources to comprehensively understand the lineage hierarchy of islet development at the single-cell level.

Efficacy and safety evaluation on 10 μg Hansenula recombinant hepatitis B vaccine booster for school-age children / 上海预防医学

Objective] To assess the safety and immunogenicity of booster vaccination 10 μg of recombinant Hansenula hepatitis B vaccine in school-age children , and to provide scientific basis for the development of hepatitis B immunization strategies . [ Methods] A total of 2 101 children were selected as the safety study object and were inoculated with three injections of 10 μg Hansenula hepatitis B vaccine for observation of the incidence of abnormal reaction .Among them 404 schoolchildren were observed for immune effects.And comparison was made in the difference of antibody titers and antibody positive rate before and after immunization . [ Results] Of the 2 101 children, 85 cases of adverse reactions occurred and the incidence rate was 4.05%.Of the 85 cases, 84 had slight reactions , one with moderate reactions and none with severe reactions .After vaccination , the positive rate of protective antibodies increased to 100.00%, and antibody titers rose from 2.55 IU/L to 5 051.90 IU/L, the difference being statistically significant (Z =12.51, P =0.00). [Conclusion] Hansenula hepatitis B vaccine used for booster immunization in schoolchildren is of good security and fine immune effect .

[Comparative study on treatment of diabetic gastroparesis by acupuncture and Western medicine].

OBJECTIVE: To compare therapeutic effects of acupuncture and mosapride in relieving diabetic gastroparesis. METHODS: Forty cases were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 20 cases in each group. The treatment group were treated by acupuncture at Zhongwan (CV 12) and Zusanli (ST 36), and the control group by oral administration of mosapride 5 mg, t. i. d. Their therapeutic effects were evaluated by indexes of therapeutic effect. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 95.0% in the treatment group and 83.3% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05), and the adverse effect in the treatment group was less than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture can significantly relieve diabetic gastroparesis, the therapeutic effect being better than mosapride, with a less adverse effects.