Muscle Recovery after a Single Bout of Functional Fitness Training.

BACKGROUND: Functional fitness training (FFT) is a new exercise modality that targets functional multi-joint actions via both muscle-strengthening exercises and aerobic training intervals. The aim of the study was to examine muscle recovery over a 20 min period after an FFT workout in trained adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were 28 healthy trained subjects. In a single session, a countermovement jump (CMJ) was performed to determine several mechanical variables (jump height, maximum velocity, power) before (preFFT) and 4, 10, and 20 min after the FFT workout (postFFT). In parallel, capillary blood lactate concentrations were measured pre- and 3 min postFFT. Heart rate was also measured before and after the workout, and perceived exertion was measured postFFT. RESULTS: Significant differences between the time points preFFT and 4 min and 10 min postFFT, respectively, were produced in jump height (p = 0.022, p = 0.034), maximum velocity (p = 0.016, p = 0.005), average power relative (p = 0.018, p = 0.049), and average power total (p = 0.025, p = 0.049). No differences were observed in any of the variables recorded preFFT and 20 min postFFT. CONCLUSIONS: While mechanical variables indicating muscle fatigue were reduced 4 and 10 min postFFT, pre-exercise jump ability only really started to recover 20 min after FFT although not reaching pre-exercise levels. This means that ideally intervals of around 20 min of rest should be implemented between training bouts.

Prediction model of rhomboid major and pleura depth based on anthropometric features to decrease the risk of pneumothorax during dry needling.

BACKGROUND: Although most common adverse events associated with dry needling can be considered minor, serious adverse events including induced pneumothorax cannot be excluded, and safety instructions for reducing the risk of pleura puncture are needed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if anthropometric features can predict the rhomboid major muscle and pleura depth in a sample of healthy subjects to avoid the risk of pneumothorax during dry needling. METHODS: A diagnostic study was conducted on 59 healthy subjects (52.5% male) involving a total of 236 measurements (both sides in maximum inspiration and expiration), to calculate the accuracy of a prediction model for both pleura and rhomboid depth, as assessed with ultrasound imaging, based on sex, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), breathing and chest circumference. A correlation matrix and a multiple linear regression analyses were used to detect those variables contributing significantly to the variance in both locations. RESULTS: Men showed greater height, weight, BMI, thorax circumference and skin-to-rhomboid, rhomboid-to-pleura and skin-to-pleura distances (P < .001). Sex, BMI, and thorax circumference explained 51.5% of the variance of the rhomboid (P < .001) and 69.7% of pleura (P < .001) depth limit. In general, inserting a maximum length of 19 mm is recommended to reach the deep limit of rhomboid major decreasing the risk of passing through the pleura. CONCLUSION: This study identified that gender, BMI and thorax circumference can predict both rhomboid and pleura depth, as assessed with ultrasonography, in healthy subjects. Our findings could assist clinicians in the needle length election in avoiding the risk of induced pneumothorax during dry needling.

Oxygen Uptake Slow Component and the Efficiency of Resistance Exercises.

ABSTRACT: Garnacho-Castaño, MV, Albesa-Albiol, L, Serra-Payá, N, Gomis Bataller, M, Pleguezuelos Cobo, E, Guirao Cano, L, Guodemar-Pérez, J, Carbonell, T, Domínguez, R, and Maté-Muñoz, JL. Oxygen uptake slow component and the efficiency of resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1014-1022, 2021-This study aimed to evaluate oxygen uptake slow component (V̇o2sc) and mechanical economy/efficiency in half squat (HS) exercise during constant-load tests conducted at lactate threshold (LT) intensity. Nineteen healthy young men completed 3 HS exercise tests separated by 48-hour rest periods: 1 repetition maximum (1RM), incremental-load HS test to establish the %1RM corresponding to the LT, and constant-load HS test at the LT. During the last test, cardiorespiratory, lactate, and mechanical responses were monitored. Fatigue in the lower limbs was assessed before and after the constant-load test using a countermovement jump test. A slight and sustained increase of the V̇o2sc and energy expended (EE) was observed (p < 0.001). In blood lactate, no differences were observed between set 3 to set 21 (p > 0.05). A slight and sustained decrease of half squat efficiency and gross mechanical efficiency (GME) was detected (p < 0.001). Significant inverse correlations were observed between V̇o2 and GME (r = -0.93, p < 0.001). Inverse correlations were detected between EE and GME (r = -0.94, p < 0.001). Significant losses were observed in jump height ability and in mean power output (p < 0.001) in response to the constant-load HS test. In conclusion, V̇o2sc and EE tended to rise slowly during constant-load HS exercise testing. This slight increase was associated with lowered efficiency throughout constant-load test and a decrease in jump capacity after testing. These findings would allow to elucidate the underlying fatigue mechanisms produced by resistance exercises in a constant-load test at LT intensity.

Physical therapist attitude and opinion about cervical spine examination: A national Spanish survey.

OBJECTIVE: A correct examination is essential during a differential diagnosis of neck pain patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide an update on the properties considered most important by physical therapists (PTs) when conducting accessory and physiological movement tests during the cervical spine physical examination. METHODS: A total of 84 private physiotherapy centres participated in this online cross-sectional survey including 415 active physiotherapists and members of one autonomous Spanish Physiotherapists School. This survey included information about the characteristics of the respondents (eg, weekly patient care, highest qualification and specific training in osteopathy and manual therapy), their opinion about the accuracy and reliability of accessory and physiological movement tests, the frequency and importance of mobility and pain responses, and the most commonly reference used to make a judgement. RESULTS: Pain responses are most frequently used by physiotherapists at a rate of 79.8% and also rated as important by 42.65% respondents mobility aspects such as quality of end-feel (17.3%), quantity of translation (16.4%) and quality of resistance (13.3%) during passive accessory intervertebral movement tests. During passive and active physiological movement tests, the most frequent properties assessed were the quality of motion path (80.5% and 84.3%, respectively) and quantity of angle bending (81.7% and 77.6%, respectively). Pain responses are used as reference by 54.7% to make a clinical judgement during passive accessory intervertebral movement tests. CONCLUSION: Physical therapists face validity in relation to passive accessory intervertebral movement test for assessing spinal segmental motion aspects has been decreasing with more attention devoted to pain responses. The current scepticism regarding the motion properties assessed with these tests is associated with utility aspects such as validity, sensitivity, accuracy and specificity.

Prevalence of urinary incontinence among elite athletes of both sexes.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) among elite athletes and to compare prevalences between sexes and across different sports modalities. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted in 754 elite athletes (455 women or girls and 299 men or boys). Participants completed a questionnaire to collect self-reported anthropometric measures, medical history and sport-related data, and the questionnaires International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short-Form (ICQ-UI SF), Three Incontinence Questions (3IQ) and Incontinence Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS: According to replies to the ICQ-UI SF questionnaire, 33% of the athletes had UI at a mean age of 23.75±7.74 years. Prevalences were 45.1% in female compared to 14.7% male athletes (p<0.001) such that females were 5.45 times more likely to suffer this condition. In 59.9%, incontinence was stress UI. In 30.9%, UI was described as moderate to severe (according to ISI), and quality of life related to UI was scored 4.35±2.98 out of 10 (ICQ-UI SF). 22.7% reported they had experienced urine leakage while training; in 40.5% this occurred when jumping, in 19.6% while running and in 20.2% in different situations. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of UI observed in elite athletes was 33%. This prevalence was greater in females and also varied according to the sport practised.

La influencia de la actividad física como tratamiento alternativo a la prostatitis crónica: un metaanálisis / The influence of physical activity as an alternative treatment to chronic prostatitis: a meta-analysis

INTRODUCCIÓN: La prostatitis crónica es uno de los diagnósticos más comunes en las consultas ambulatorias de Urología. Se presenta como un conjunto heterogéneo de enfermedades, cuya etiología muchas veces resulta desconocida, mostrando como denominador común un conjunto de síntomas dolorosos, irritativos y obstructivos del tracto genitourinario y el periné. OBJETIVOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis actualizado de esta dolencia en relación con los perjuicios o beneficios que la actividad física podría tener en la prostatitis crónica o el dolor pélvico crónico. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda formal en las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PEDro, The Cochrane Library, Dialnet y SciELO hasta junio de 2018 (siendo el último artículo empleado en este metaanálisis publicado en marzo de 2018). RESULTADOS: El equipo investigador revisó un total de 93 estudios, de los cuales se seleccionaron 10, con un posterior examen de su calidad metodológica mediante la escala PEDro. Se realizó la comparación del índice de masa corporal, la calidad de vida relacionada con el índice de masa corporal y la correlación de la incontinencia urinaria. El análisis global de las intervenciones dentro de la incontinencia urinaria resultó significativo (tamaño del efecto: 0,11; IC 95% 0,038 a 0,43; p = 0,024). CONCLUSIONES: La variabilidad asociada a diseños experimentales representa una heterogeneidad en los efectos de los distintos programas o intervenciones de actividad física para el tratamiento de la prostatitis crónica. Los tamaños del efecto obtenidos evidencian que la efectividad de los programas de tratamiento alternativos, empleando vehicularmente la actividad física, puede guardar una relación con el tipo de intervención realizada

INTRODUCTION: Chronic prostatitis is one of the most common diagnoses in outpatient clinics in Urology. It is presented as a heterogeneous group of diseases, whose etiology is often unknown, showing as a common denominator a set of painful, irritative and obstructive symptoms of the genitourinary tract and perineum. OBJECTIVES: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis of this pathology was performed in relation to the damages or benefits that physical activity could have in chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain. METHODS: The Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PEDro, The Cochrane Library, Dialnet and SciELO databases were consulted until June 2018 (the last paper used in this meta-analysis was published in March 2018). RESULTS: The research team reviewed a total of 93 studies, of which 10 were selected, with a subsequent examination of their methodological quality using the PEDro scale. The comparison of the body mass index, the quality of life related to the body mass index and the correlation of the urinary incontinence were made. The overall analysis of the interventions within the urinary incontinence was significant (effect size: 0.11; 95% CI 0.038 to 0.43; P=.024). CONCLUSIONS: The variability associated with experimental designs represents a heterogeneity in the effects of different programs or physical activity interventions for the treatment of chronic prostatitis. The effect sizes obtained suggest that the effectiveness of alternative treatment programs, using vehicular physical activity, may be related to the type of intervention performed

Learning musculoskeletal anatomy through new technologies: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the influence of the application of new methodologies on learning and the motivation of students of the Anatomy discipline. METHOD: randomized, longitudinal, prospective, intervention study. Sixty-two students were recruited to assess the impact of different methodologies. The sample was randomized to compare the results of teaching with a 3D atlas, ultrasound and the traditional method. The parameters were assessed through a satisfaction evaluation questionnaire and anatomical charts. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: in terms of the usefulness of the seminars, 98.1% of the students considered them to be very positive or positive, stating that they had stimulated their interest in anatomy. The students who learned with the 3D atlas improved their understanding of anatomy (p=0.040). In general, the students improved their grades by around 20%. CONCLUSION: the traditional method combined with new technologies increases the interest of students in human anatomy and enables them to acquire skills and competencies during the learning process.

[The influence of physical activity as an alternative treatment to chronic prostatitis: A meta-analysis]. / La influencia de la actividad física como tratamiento alternativo a la prostatitis crónica: un metaanálisis.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic prostatitis is one of the most common diagnoses in outpatient clinics in Urology. It is presented as a heterogeneous group of diseases, whose etiology is often unknown, showing as a common denominator a set of painful, irritative and obstructive symptoms of the genitourinary tract and perineum. OBJECTIVES: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis of this pathology was performed in relation to the damages or benefits that physical activity could have in chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain. METHODS: The Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PEDro, The Cochrane Library, Dialnet and SciELO databases were consulted until June 2018 (the last paper used in this meta-analysis was published in March 2018). RESULTS: The research team reviewed a total of 93 studies, of which 10 were selected, with a subsequent examination of their methodological quality using the PEDro scale. The comparison of the body mass index, the quality of life related to the body mass index and the correlation of the urinary incontinence were made. The overall analysis of the interventions within the urinary incontinence was significant (effect size: 0.11; 95% CI 0.038 to 0.43; P=.024). CONCLUSIONS: The variability associated with experimental designs represents a heterogeneity in the effects of different programs or physical activity interventions for the treatment of chronic prostatitis. The effect sizes obtained suggest that the effectiveness of alternative treatment programs, using vehicular physical activity, may be related to the type of intervention performed.

Learning musculoskeletal anatomy through new technologies: a randomized clinical trial / Aprendizagem de anatomia musculoesquelética por meio de novas tecnologias: um ensaio clínico randomizado / Aprendizaje de la anatomía musculoesquelética a través de las nuevas tecnologías: ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Objective: to investigate the influence of the application of new methodologies on learning and the motivation of students of the Anatomy discipline. Method: randomized, longitudinal, prospective, intervention study. Sixty-two students were recruited to assess the impact of different methodologies. The sample was randomized to compare the results of teaching with a 3D atlas, ultrasound and the traditional method. The parameters were assessed through a satisfaction evaluation questionnaire and anatomical charts. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine statistical significance. Results: in terms of the usefulness of the seminars, 98.1% of the students considered them to be very positive or positive, stating that they had stimulated their interest in anatomy. The students who learned with the 3D atlas improved their understanding of anatomy (p=0.040). In general, the students improved their grades by around 20%. Conclusion: the traditional method combined with new technologies increases the interest of students in human anatomy and enables them to acquire skills and competencies during the learning process.

Objetivo: investigar a influência da aplicação de novas metodologias na aprendizagem e a motivação de alunos da disciplina de Anatomia. Método: estudo de intervenção, prospectivo, longitudinal e randomizado. Um total de 62 alunos foram recrutados para se avaliar o impacto de diferentes metodologias. Eles foram distribuídos de forma aleatória para comparar os resultados de ensino usando o atlas 3D, o ultrassom e o método tradicional. Os parâmetros foram medidos por meio de um questionário de avaliação de satisfação do aluno e uma prova usando lâminas anatômicas. O teste ANOVA de medidas repetidas foi usado para determinar significância estatística. Resultados: relativo à satisfação dos alunos, 98,1% consideraram muito positivo ou positivo o uso dos seminários, além de afirmarem que o seminário havia estimulado seu interesse pela anatomia. Os alunos submetidos ao método com o atlas 3D apresentaram uma melhora em sua compreensão de anatomia (p=0,040). De forma geral, os alunos melhoraram suas pontuações em aproximadamente 20%. Conclusão: o método tradicional, junto com as novas tecnologias, contribui para aumentar o interesse dos alunos pela Anatomia Humana assim como na aquisição de habilidades e competências em seu processo de aprendizagem.

Objetivo: investigar la influencia de la aplicación de nuevas metodologías en el aprendizaje y en la motivación de los alumnos en la asignatura Anatomia. Método: estudio de intervención, prospectivo, longitudinal y aleatorizado. Fueron convocados 62 alumnos para evaluar el impacto de diferentes metodologías. Se los dividió aleatoriamente para comparar resultados entre enseñanza con atlas 3D, ultrasonido y metodología tradicional. Los parámetros fueron analizados mediante un cuestionario de evaluación de satisfacción y láminas anatómicas. Se usó ANOVA de medidas repetidas para determinar la significancia estadística. Resultados: el 98,1% de los alumnos consideraron muy positiva o positiva la utilización de los seminarios, afirmaron asimismo que el seminario había estimulado su interés por la anatomía. Los alumnos que realizaron el aprendizaje con atlas 3D mejoraron su compresión de la anatomía (p=0,040). En general, los alumnos mejoraron sus puntajes en alrededor del 20%. Conclusión: el método tradicional con el agregado de las nuevas tecnologías permite a los alumnos incrementar su interés por la Anatomía Humana, así como adquirir habilidades y competencias en su proceso de aprendizaje.

One Year of Pilates Training for Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: This prospective long-term study examines the effects of a Pilates training intervention on spinal mobility, disease activity, and functional capacity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Design: The study design was quasi experimental and single blind. Subjects: 11 subjects were recruited among patients undergoing followup of AS diagnosed according to modified New York criteria at the rheumatology clinic. Interventions: Over a 12-month period, 11 patients completed a training program consisting of two sessions per week of selected Pilates exercises. There was no control group. Outcome measures: The primary outcome variable was functional capacity measured using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) questionnaire. Exploratory outcome measures were Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), and chest expansion and fingertip-to-floor (FTF) test. Baseline and follow-up examinations were performed immediately before the intervention and during the course of treatment at 4, 8, and 12 months. Results: After the exercise intervention, improvements were observed in BASFI (77.51%), BASDAI (64.39%) and BASMI (58.95%) scores, FTF distance (71.92%), and chest expansion (88.74%). Conclusions: These findings suggest that Pilates training could be useful in AS patients and provide direction for larger controlled trials designed to determine the therapeutic benefits of Pilates in the management of these patients.

Cardiometabolic and Muscular Fatigue Responses to Different CrossFit® Workouts.

CrossFit® consists of workouts of the day (WODs) in which different exercises are conducted at high intensity with minimal or no rest periods. This study sought to quantify exercise intensity and muscular fatigue in the three CrossFit® session modalities: gymnastics (G), metabolic conditioning (M) and weightlifting (W). Thirty two, young, strength-trained, healthy men completed the three WODs: G ("Cindy"), M (double skip rope jumps) and W (power cleans). The variables measured in the sessions were: mean heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate [lactate], and jump height (H), average power (AP) and maximum take-off velocity (Vmax) in a counter movement jump test. In all three WODs, elevated HR values (≥90% of the theoretical HRmax) were recorded at the time points mid-session and end-session. Mean RPEs were 17.6 ± 1.6 (G WOD), 16.0 ± 2.3 (M WOD), and 15.7 ± 2.0 (W WOD). Postexercise [lactate] was higher than 10 mmol·L-1 for the three WODs. Following the G ("Cindy") and W (power cleans) WODs, respectively, significant muscular power losses were observed in H (7.3% and 8.1%), Vmax (13.8% and 3.3%), AP relative (4.6% and 8.3%) and AP total (4.2% and 8.2%) while losses in the M WOD were not significant (p > 0.05). A vigorous intensity of exercise was noted in all three WODs, with greater mean HRs detected in the "Cindy" and skip rope WODs than power clean WOD. Muscular fatigue was produced in response to the "Cindy" and power clean WODs but not the skip rope WOD.

Physiotherapy Treatments in Musculoskeletal Pathologies Associated with Haemophilia.

The aim of this study is to offer physiotherapists a synthesis of the main therapeutic tools available for the treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies in patients with haemophilia, according to the scientific literature. Although bleeds are recognised as no longer being a cause of death for people with haemophilia, the accompanying musculoskeletal injuries now represent the main problem associated with this disorder. There is a lack of clear guidelines to date regarding the physiotherapy treatment of these disorders. We performed a keyword searches of Pubmed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Cochrane and PEDro databases. In total, 555 references were retrieved, of which only 55 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Publications were grouped by the main symptoms caused by haemophilia and the physiotherapy treatments available. The literature reviewed shows that physiotherapists have a range of therapeutic tools at their disposal for the treatment of the main musculoskeletal disorders suffered by patients with haemophilia. Physiotherapy interventions act upon inflammation and pain, as well as favouring the reabsorption of haematomas, preventing muscle fibrosis and joint ankylosis and recovering the joint range from prior to the lesions. Also, these interventions help prevent muscle atrophy and provide patients with the optimal physical conditions for facing the small and repetitive injuries that, over time, can have a detrimental effect on their quality of life. CONCLUSION: Haemophilic patients suffer from a series of musculoskeletal disorders, which are associated with important functional disability. Physiotherapy and adapted sports are essential for decreasing disability and improving the quality of life of affected patients.

Effects of ß-alanine supplementation during a 5-week strength training program: a randomized, controlled study.

BACKGROUND: ß-Alanine (BA) is a non-essential amino acid that has been shown to enhance exercise performance. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if BA supplementation improved the adaptive response to five weeks of a resistance training program. METHODS: Thirty healthy, strength-trained individuals were randomly assigned to the experimental groups placebo (PLA) or BA. Over 5 weeks of strength training, subjects in BA took 6.4 g/day of BA as 8 × 800 mg doses each at least 1.5 h apart. The training program consisted of 3 sessions per week in which three different leg exercises were conducted as a circuit (back squat, barbell step ups and loaded jumping lunges). The program started with 3 sets of 40 s of work per exercise and rest periods between sets of 120 s in the first week. This training volume was then gradually built up to 5 sets of 20 s work/60 s rest in the fifth week. The work load during the program was set by one of the authors according to the individual's perceived effort the previous week. The variables measured were average velocity, peak velocity, average power, peak power, and load in kg in a back squat, incremental load, one-repetition maximum (1RM) test. In addition, during the rest period, jump ability (jump height and power) was assessed on a force platform. To compare data, a general linear model with repeated measures two-way analysis of variance was used. RESULTS: Significantly greater training improvements were observed in the BA group versus PLA group (p = 0.045) in the variables average power at 1RM (BA: 42.65%, 95% CI, 432.33, 522.52 VS. PLA: 21.07%, 95% CI, 384.77, 482.19) and average power at maximum power output (p = 0.037) (BA: 20.17%, 95% CI, 637.82, 751.90 VS. PLA; 10.74%, 95% CI, 628.31, 751.53). The pre- to post training average power gain produced at 1RM in BA could be explained by a greater maximal strength gain, or load lifted at 1RM (p = 0.014) (24 kg, 95% CI, 19.45, 28.41 VS. 16 kg, 95% CI, 10.58, 20.25) and in the number of sets executed (p = 0.025) in the incremental load test (BA: 2.79 sets, 95% CI, 2.08, 3.49 VS. PLA: 1.58 sets, 95% CI, 0.82, 2.34). CONCLUSIONS: ß-Alanine supplementation was effective at increasing power output when lifting loads equivalent to the individual's maximal strength or when working at maximum power output. The improvement observed at 1RM was explained by a greater load lifted, or strength gain, in response to training in the participants who took this supplement.

Patrones de multimorbilidad, grado de control y riesgo hemorrágico en pacientes con antagonistas de la vitamina K / Multiple morbidity patterns, level of control and haemorrhagic risk in patients with vitamin K antagonists

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