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1.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr ; 51 Suppl 1: S26-34, 2009 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19384098

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Honduras has the highest concentration of HIV and AIDS cases in Central America, with an estimated adult HIV prevalence of 1.5%. Prevalence is higher among certain ethnic groups such as the Garífuna with a reported HIV prevalence of 8%. METHODS: A biological and behavioral survey was conducted on a stratified random sample of the Garífuna population in Honduras, using computer-assisted interviews. Blood was tested for HIV, herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2), and syphilis; urine was tested for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalum. RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 817 participants, 41% female and 51% male. Estimated prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were: HIV, 4.5% (95% CI: 3.0 to 6.6), HSV-2, 51.1% (95% CI: 46.7 to 55.6), and syphilis seropositivity, 2.4% (95% CI: 1.4 to 4.0). Sexually transmitted infections in urine were: chlamydia, 6.8% (95% CI: 4.7 to 9.7), gonorrhea, 1.1% (95% CI: 0.4 to 2.9), trichomoniasis, 10.5% (95% CI: 8.1 to 13.6), and Mycoplasma genitalium, 7.1% (95% CI: 5.1 to 9.9). Consistent condom use was low with stable (10.6%) and casual (41.4%) partners. In multivariate analysis, HIV was associated with rural residence. HSV-2 was associated with female sex, older age, and syphilis seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS: We found a moderate prevalence of HIV and a high prevalence of HSV-2 among the Garífunas. HSV-2 may increase the vulnerability of these populations to HIV in the future. Intervention strategies should emphasize sexually transmitted infection control and condom promotion, specifically targeting the Garífuna population.


Subject(s)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Blood/immunology , Blood/virology , Female , Honduras/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Urine/microbiology , Urine/parasitology , Young Adult
2.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 76(6): 1163-5, 2007 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17556630

ABSTRACT

Shiga toxins are produced by Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and certain strains of Escherichia coli. Three cases of Shiga toxin-producing S. dysenteriae type 4 were identified among travelers to the island of Hispañola between 2002 and 2005. Clinical and public health practitioners should be aware of this newly identified strain.


Subject(s)
Dysentery, Bacillary/microbiology , Shiga Toxin 1/genetics , Shigella dysenteriae/genetics , Travel , Adolescent , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Child, Preschool , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Dominican Republic , Dysentery, Bacillary/drug therapy , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Haiti , Humans , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Shigella dysenteriae/isolation & purification
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