Incidence and time trends of childhood hematological neoplasms: a 36-year population-based study in the southern European context, 1983-2018.

Background: Hematological neoplasms (HNs) are the first and most common childhood cancers globally. Currently, there is a lack of updated population-based data on the incidence of these cancers in the Spanish pediatric population. This study aimed to describe the incidence and incidence trends of HNs in children (0-14 years) in Spain using data from the Spanish Network of Cancer Registries and to compare the results with other southern European countries. Methods: Data were extracted from 15 Spanish population-based cancer registries between 1983 and 2018. Cases were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition, first revision, and grouped according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition. Crude rates (CRs), age-specific rates, and age-standardized incidence rates using the 2013 European population (ASRE) were calculated and expressed as cases per 1,000,000 child-years. Incidence trends and annual percentage changes (APCs) were estimated. Results: A total of 4,747 HNs were recorded (59.5% boys). Age distribution [n (%)] was as follows: <1 year, 266 (5.6%); 1-4 years, 1,726 (36.4%); 5-9 years, 1,442 (30.4%); and 10-14 years, 1,313 (27.6%). Leukemias were the most common group, with a CR and an ASRE of 44.0 (95%CI: 42.5; 45.5) and 44.1 (95%CI: 42.6; 45.7), respectively. The CR and ASRE of lymphomas were 20.1 (95%CI: 19.1; 21.1) and 20.0 (95%CI: 19.0; 21.1), respectively. The comparable incidence rates between our results and those of other southern European countries were similar for lymphomas, while some differences were observed for leukemias. From 1988 to 2016, the trend in leukemia incidence was stable for both sexes, with an APC of 0.0 (95%CI: -0.5; 0.7), whereas a constant overall increase was observed for lymphoma in both sexes, with an APC of 1.0 (95%CI: 0.4; 1.6). Conclusion: Leukemias are the most common HNs in children, and their incidence has remained stable since 1988, whereas the incidence of lymphomas has increased every year. Lymphoma incidence is like that of other southern European countries, while leukemia incidence is similar only to that of southwestern European countries. Collaborative cancer registry projects allow for assessing epidemiological indicators for cancers such as HNs, which helps health authorities and clinicians provide more knowledge about these malignancies.

Semisynthesis and Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Cassane-Type Diterpenoid Taepeenin F and of Some Synthetic Intermediates.

A new strategy for the semisynthesis of the aromatic cassane-type diterpene taepeenin F (6) is reported. The introduction of the methyl group at C-14, characteristic of the target compound, was achieved via dienone 13, easily prepared from abietic acid (10), the major compound in renewable rosin. Biological assays of selected compounds are reported. The antiproliferative activity against HT29, B16-F10, and HepG2 tumor cell lines has been investigated. Salicylaldehyde 21 was the most active compound (IC50 = 7.72 µM). Products 16 and 21 displayed apoptotic effects in B16-F10 cells, with total apoptosis rates of 46 and 38.4%, respectively. This apoptotic process involves a significant arrest of the B16-F10 cell cycle, blocking the G0/G1 phase. Dienone 16 did not cause any loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), while salicylaldehyde 21 caused a partial loss of the MMP. The anti-inflammatory activity of the selected compounds was investigated with the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. All compounds showed potent NO inhibition, with percentages between 80 and 99% at subcytotoxic concentrations. Dienone 16 inhibited LPS-induced differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells, by increasing the proportion of cells in the S phase. In addition, salicylaldehyde 21 had effects on the cell cycle, recovering the cells from the G0/G1 full arrest produced in response to LPS action.

La humanización como parte de la atención integral al paciente: revisión narrativa / Humanização como parte do cuidado integral ao paciente: revisão narrativa / Humanization as a part of comprehensive patient health care: a narrative review

Objetivo: identificar los principales criterios, características, enfoques, normas y lineamientos que orientan el desarrollo de atenciones en salud humanizadas, las características y enfoques de la humanización de la atención, así como las políticas, planes e incluso de programas desarrollados actualmente en algunos países. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de artículos entre el 2012 y 2020 en los idiomas portugués, español e inglés, en las bases de datos Scielo, Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs, así como también en Epistemonikos, a través de palabras clave seleccionadas con base en los objetivos a investigar y que respondieran la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cuáles son las percepciones sobre el trato no humanizado de los sujetos de atención a partir del análisis de las quejas del sistema distrital de peticiones, quejas y reclamos y los principales criterios, normas y pautas de la atención humanizada? Resultados: se encontraron 62 artículos que se organizaron en las siguientes categorías: trato irrespetuoso; mal servicio y no garantía de derechos; negligencia en la atención; comportamiento abusivo y falta de ética; mala comunicación e información; discriminación y no enfoque diferencial. Conclusiones: 1) la estructura para evidenciar la humanización en las instituciones de salud se basa tanto en el diseño como en la aplicación de políticas y programas de humanización en Colombia y diferentes lugares del mundo. Dentro de esta perspectiva de la humanización de los servicios de salud es una constante la necesidad de comprender el rol que juega el personal de la salud como actor determinante en la garantía del derecho a la salud y la calidad en la prestación de los servicios. 2) Existe una relación directa en lo que determinan los Estados a través de la normatividad para el cumplimiento de atenciones más humanas y unas realidades diferentes en lo que se vive durante el proceso de atención. De allí la importancia que toman las prácticas de estos Estados y organizaciones en salud en torno a la humanización que permita la replicabilidad de estas, y mejorar así las condiciones de salud de los ciudadanos y la prestación de los servicios. 3) La apuesta está en reconocernos más humanos. La revisión sistemática de la bibliografía hace énfasis en los criterios que se deben cumplir frente a los procesos de atención en salud; sin embargo, es necesario generar espacios de formación que no se centren exclusivamente en los conocimientos técnicos, sino que a través de estos le permitan al personal de la salud fortalecer las diferentes habilidades que demanda el proceso de atención en salud, de allí la importancia de comunicarse asertivamente, manejar adecuadamente los conflictos, empatizar frente a las situaciones que puedan estar presentando los usuarios y sus familias, y la respuesta efectiva a las necesidades y expectativas que presentan, permitiendo realizar una simbiosis entre el ser, el hacer y el deber ser en la atención en salud.

Objective: To identify the main criteria, characteristics, approaches, regulations and guidelines that guide the development of humanized health care, the characteristics and approaches of the humanization of health care, and the policies, plans and even programs currently developed in some countries. Methodology: A search was performed for articles between 2012 and 2020 in Portuguese, Spanish and English in the Scielo, Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs and Epistemonikos databases, using keywords selected based on the objectives to be researched. The articles had to be able to answer the following research question: What are the perceptions of health care subjects regarding non-humanized treatment, based on an analysis of complaints in the district petition, complaint and claims system and the main criteria, regulations and guidelines for humanized health care? Results: 62 articles were found, which were organized into the following categories - disrespectful treatment, bad service and a failure to ensure rights; negligence in health care, abusive behavior and a lack of ethics; bad communication and information; discrimination and a lack of a differential approach. Conclusions: 1) The structure for demonstrating humanization in health care institutions is based on both designing and applying humanization policies and programs in Colombia and different parts of the world. There is a constant need to understand the role health care staff play as determining actors in ensuring the right to health and quality in the provision of services, within this perspective of the humanization of health care services. 2) There is a direct relationship between what States determine through regulations in terms of providing more humane health care and the different realities patients experience during the health care process. Therefrom comes the importance of the practices of States and health care organizations when it comes to humanization that facilitates replicating those practices, improving the health conditions of citizens and the provision of services in this way. 3) The challenge is to recognize ourselves as more human. The systematic review of the bibliography emphasizes the criteria to be met in health care processes. However, it is necessary to create training spaces that do not exclusively focus on technical knowledge, but which, through that technical knowledge, help health care staff strengthen the different skills required for the health care process. This explains the importance of communicating assertively, adequately managing conflicts, empathizing with the situations of users and their families, and responding effectively to their needs and expectations, allowing for a symbiosis between being, doing and what should be in health care.

Objetivo: identificar os principais critérios, características, abordagens, normas e diretrizes que orientam o desenvolvimento de cuidados da saúde humanizados, as características e abordagens da humanização da atenção, bem como as políticas, planos e até programas desenvolvidos atualmente em alguns países. Metodologia: foi realizada uma busca de artigos entre 2012 e 2020 nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês, nas bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs, bem como na Epistemonikos, por meio de palavras-chave selecionadas com base nos objetivos de investigação e respondendo à seguinte questão de pesquisa: quais as percepções sobre o tratamento não humanizado dos sujeitos do atendimento a partir da análise das denúncias do sistema distrital de petições, denúncias e reclamações e os principais critérios, normas e diretrizes do atendimento humanizado? Resultados: foram encontrados 62 artigos, organizados nas seguintes categorias: tratamento desrespeitoso; atendimento precário e sem garantia de direitos; negligência de cuidados; comportamento abusivo e falta de ética; má comunicação e informação; discriminação e nenhuma abordagem diferencial. Conclusões: 1) a estrutura para evidenciar a humanização nas instituições de saúde se baseia tanto na formulação quanto na aplicação de políticas e programas de humanização na Colômbia e em diferentes partes do mundo. Dentro dessa perspectiva de humanização dos serviços de saúde, há uma necessidade constante de compreender o papel desempenhado pelo pessoal de saúde como ator determinante na garantia do direito à saúde e a qualidade na prestação dos serviços. 2) Existe uma relação direta entre o que os Estados determinam por meio de regulamentações para o cumprimento de um cuidado mais humanizado e as diferentes realidades do que é vivenciado durante o processo de cuidar. Daí a importância das práticas destes Estados e das organizações de saúde em torno da humanização que permita a sua replicabilidade, e assim melhorar as condições de saúde dos cidadãos e a prestação de serviços. 3) A aposta consiste em nos reconhecermos mais humanos. A revisão sistemática da bibliografia enfatiza os critérios que devem ser atendidos diante dos processos de atenção à saúde; no entanto, é preciso criar espaços de formação que não se concentrem exclusivamente no conhecimento técnico, mas que por meio deles permitam que os profissionais de saúde fortaleçam as diferentes habilidades que o processo de cuidar em saúde exige, daí a importância de se comunicar de forma assertiva, lidar adequadamente com os conflitos, ter empatia com as situações que os usuários e seus familiares possam estar apresentando e a resposta efetiva às necessidades e expectativas que apresentam, permitindo uma simbiose entre o ser, o fazer e o que deveria ser no cuidado à saúde.

Impacto del tiempo entre la extracción y el análisis de la gasometría arterial en la práctica clínica / The Effect Of Time Between Sample Extraction And Arterial Blood Gas Analysis In Clinical Practice

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Eritema nudoso y sarcoidosis pulmonar: a propósito de un caso / Nodosum erythema and sarcoidosis: Case report

No disponible

Molecular spectrum and differential diagnosis in patients referred with sporadic or autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta.

BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous bone disorder characterized by recurrent fractures. Although most cases of OI have heterozygous mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2 and show autosomal dominant inheritance, during the last years there has been an explosion in the number of genes responsible for both recessive and dominant forms of this condition. Herein, we have analyzed a cohort of patients with OI, all offspring of unaffected parents, to determine the spectrum of variants accounting for these cases. Twenty patients had nonrelated parents and were sporadic, and 21 were born to consanguineous relationships. METHODS: Mutation analysis was performed using a next-generation sequencing gene panel, homozygosity mapping, and whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS: Patients offspring of nonconsanguineous parents were mostly identified with COL1A1 or COL1A2 heterozygous changes, although there were also a few cases with IFITM5 and WNT1 heterozygous mutations. Only one sporadic patient was a compound heterozygote for two recessive mutations. Patients offspring of consanguineous parents showed homozygous changes in a variety of genes including CRTAP,FKBP10,LEPRE1,PLOD2,PPIB,SERPINF1,TMEM38B, and WNT1. In addition, two patients born to consanguineous parents were found to have de novo COL1A1 heterozygous mutations demonstrating that causative variants in the collagen I structural genes cannot be overlooked in affected children from consanguineous couples. Further to this, WES analysis in probands lacking mutations in OI genes revealed deleterious variants in SCN9A,NTRK1, and SLC2A2, which are associated with congenital indifference to pain (CIP) and Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS). CONCLUSION: This work provides useful information for clinical and genetic diagnosis of OI patients with no positive family history of this disease. Our data also indicate that CIP and FBS are conditions to be considered in the differential diagnosis of OI and suggest a positive role of SCN9A and NTRK1 in bone development.

Preparation of oxocene terpenes. The first enantiospecific synthesis of cytotoxic arenaran A.

The first syntheses of cytotoxic marine arenarans A and B starting from commercial (-)-sclareol are reported. The oxocene ring of the target compound is formed via ring-closing metathesis, a process that depends on certain structural requirements. The trans-fused structure of the natural product is confirmed by comparison with the cis-fused isomer, which was synthesized. This synthetic strategy is also applicable to the synthesis of other oxocene terpenes.

Middle ear effusion in mechanically ventilated patients: effects of the nasogastric tube.

BACKGROUND: Middle ear effusion (MEE) is rare among adults, but has a higher incidence among ICU patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of nasogastric tube (NGT) on MEE and to assess other predisposing factors. METHODS: Prospective observational study, carrying out an otoscopic examination and tympanometry in 100 mechanically ventilated patients. Immittance testing was carried out within 24 hours of ICU admission and every 72 hours until ICU discharge. In a case of persisting pathologic curve at the moment of discharge from ICU, there was a follow-up examination every 3 days until middle ear function was restored. In addition to descriptive variables, we recorded placement (left or right nostril) and diameter (12, 16, or 18 French) of the NGT. A Cox regression analysis was performed, adjusted for the days since ICU admission. RESULTS: A total of 535 tympanometry studies were carried out, of which 352 were normal and 183 observations presented MEE. We observed that 12 and 16 French NGTs were not significantly associated with abnormal middle ear function, whereas 18 French NGT was significantly associated with MEE (odds ratio 2.54, 95% CI 1.42-4.55; P = .01). Other variables independently associated with pathological tympanogram curves were Ramsay Sedation Scale score ≥ 4 (odds ratio 2.42, 95% CI 1.65-3.55; P = .01) and orotracheal intubation (odds ratio 5.72, 95% CI 3.40-9.60; P = .01). No intracranial infection or long-term disabilities were identified. CONCLUSIONS: MEEs and tympanometric alterations are frequent in intubated patients (32% in our study). To prevent these complications, they should receive NGTs with a diameter lower than 18 French, when feasible.

[The sexuality of HIV-positive adolescents: rights and challenges for healthcare]. / A sexualidade de adolescentes vivendo com HIV: direitos e desafios para o cuidado.

Sexuality and reproductive healthcare represent relevant issues for comprehensive care of HIV-positive adolescents. However, public policies and health services give this issue insufficient attention. The scope of this article is to assess how HIV-positive young people and teenagers cope with their sexuality, dating and the urge to have children and start a family. In a qualitative study, in-depth interviews were staged with 21 HIV-positive (contracted by vertical, sexual or intravenous transmission) teenagers and 13 caregivers of children and youths living in Sao Paulo and Santos. The interviews revealed the different ways teenagers cope with their sexuality and with the anxiety of HIV disclosure in this context. Lack of information about HIV prevention, lack of support and skills to cope with their sexuality were revealed in the reports. Furthermore, stigma and discrimination were the most frequently reported difficulties. The main challenges to be faced in Brazil in regard to this issue are discussed, especially the need to consider HIV-positive youth as entitled to sexual rights. Recommendations are also made for incorporating the issue into a humanized and comprehensive care approach for HIV-positive children and young people.

A sexualidade de adolescentes vivendo com HIV: direitos e desafios para o cuidado / The sexuality of HIV-positive adolescents: rights and challenges for healthcare

Sexualidade e saúde reprodutiva configuram questões relevantes para o cuidado integral à saúde de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Políticas públicas e serviços de saúde, entretanto, têm dedicado insuficiente atenção ao assunto. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender como adolescentes e jovens soropositivos lidam com suas experiências sexuais e projetos de namoro, desejo de constituir família e de ter filhos. O estudo qualitativo entrevistou em profundidade 21 adolescentes vivendo com HIV (por transmissão vertical, sexual ou sanguínea) e 13 cuidadores de crianças e jovens, vivendo em São Paulo e em Santos, Brasil. As narrativas descrevem como aprenderam a lidar com a sexualidade e a ansiedade da revelação do diagnóstico nesse contexto. Destacam-se nas narrativas o despreparo, a desinformação sobre prevenção e a falta de apoio para lidar com a situação, assim como o estigma e a discriminação que atravessa grande parte das dificuldades relatadas. O artigo discute criticamente alguns dos desafios postos para uma adequada atenção à questão no Brasil, especialmente a consideração de jovens soropositivos como sujeitos de direitos sexuais, sugerindo diretrizes para a incorporação desta temática a um cuidado integral e humanizado de crianças e jovens vivendo com HIV.

Sexuality and reproductive healthcare represent relevant issues for comprehensive care of HIV-positive adolescents. However, public policies and health services give this issue insufficient attention. The scope of this article is to assess how HIV-positive young people and teenagers cope with their sexuality, dating and the urge to have children and start a family. In a qualitative study, in-depth interviews were staged with 21 HIV-positive (contracted by vertical, sexual or intravenous transmission) teenagers and 13 caregivers of children and youths living in Sao Paulo and Santos. The interviews revealed the different ways teenagers cope with their sexuality and with the anxiety of HIV disclosure in this context. Lack of information about HIV prevention, lack of support and skills to cope with their sexuality were revealed in the reports. Furthermore, stigma and discrimination were the most frequently reported difficulties. The main challenges to be faced in Brazil in regard to this issue are discussed, especially the need to consider HIV-positive youth as entitled to sexual rights. Recommendations are also made for incorporating the issue into a humanized and comprehensive care approach for HIV-positive children and young people.

Do not resuscitate orders: practice vs. medical record notes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of pediatric patients' death records of a tertiary care center, comparing these records with data from a previous study. METHODS: Death records entered on the medical charts of non-resuscitated patients between 1999 and 2001 were compared with the medical procedure during cardiac arrest, which was described based on the Utstein-style guidelines. Our results were compared (using the chi-square test for equality of distributions) with the results of a previous study, which revealed a significant discrepancy between the medical procedure and the death record entered on the medical chart. RESULTS: The data analysis revealed agreement between the medical procedure and the medical record notes in 86.5% of the cases. The agreement rate in the previous study was only 27.5%. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant reduction of discrepancy between the medical procedure during a cardiac arrest and the death record entered on the medical chart.