Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Bogotá, Colombia: Results From a Large Epidemiological Surveillance Study.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic surveillance of COVID-19 is essential to collect and analyse data to improve public health decision making during the pandemic. There are few initiatives led by public-private alliances in Colombia and Latin America. The CoVIDA project contributed with RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in mild or asymptomatic populations in Bogotá. The present study aimed to determine the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in working adults. METHODS: COVID-19 intensified sentinel epidemiological surveillance study, from April 18, 2020, to March 29, 2021. The study included people aged 18 years or older without a history of COVID-19. Two main occupational groups were included: healthcare and essential services workers with high mobility in the city. Social, demographic, and health-related factors were collected via phone survey. Afterwards, the molecular test was conducted to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. FINDINGS: From the 58,638 participants included in the study, 3,310 (5·6%) had a positive result. A positive result was associated with the age group (18-29 years) compared with participants aged 60 or older, participants living with more than three cohabitants, living with a confirmed case, having no affiliation to the health system compared to those with social health security, reporting a very low socioeconomic status compared to those with higher socioeconomic status, and having essential occupations compared to healthcare workers. INTERPRETATION: The CoVIDA study showed the importance of intensified epidemiological surveillance to identify groups with increased risk of infection. These groups should be prioritised in the screening, contact tracing, and vaccination strategies to mitigate the pandemic. FUNDING: The CoVIDA study was funded through donors managed by the philanthropy department of Universidad de los Andes.

Dos indicadores para medir la brecha en salud y economía de los países / Two indicators for measuring the gap between health and economics in the countries

OBJETIVO: Desarrollar dos indicadores que permitan conocer de manera gráfica y numérica la brecha que tiene un país en la salud y en la economía. MÉTODOS: Estudio ecológico con datos de 71 países del mundo. Se seleccionaron indicadores representativos de la salud y la economía, mediante un consenso de expertos. Para simplificar las variables que componen el modelo, se realizó un análisis de factores principales (rotación varimax). Se estimaron los índices de diferencia porcentual para cada indicador, y con la suma de las áreas de cada uno de ellos, sobre el plano Cartesiano, se estimó la brecha para la economía (IBE) y la salud (IBS) de los países. Se construyó un modelo gráfico cartesiano tanto para la brecha en salud como para la brecha en economía. Se hizo un análisis de correlación de Spearman de la brecha con el índice de Desarrollo Humano (HDI), el índice de Pobreza (HPI) y el Coeficiente de Gini (GINI). RESULTADOS: La brecha en salud y económica se correlacionaron negativamente con el HDI (rho= -0.8974 y -0.8599, respectivamente) y positivamente con el HPI (rho=0.8367, rho=0.9196, respectivamente) y el GINI (rho=0.5065 para IBS). IBE no se correlacionó con GINI (rho=0.2698). CONCLUSIONES: Los indicadores para medir la brecha en salud y en economía de los países permiten conocer de manera gráfica el índice que más afecta la salud y la economía de cada país. Adicionalmente, gracias a sus constructos, podrían ser susceptibles de detectar variaciones pequeñas en la brecha año tras año, proceso de validación que deberá darse más adelante.