ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant disease worldwide. The stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis and the capture of an early recurrence have a direct impact on long-term survival. Existing control screening methods often do not reflect real-time metastatic disease. In patients with detectable circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), liquid biopsy can be an effective monitoring tool. CASE REPORT: In 2012, we performed sigmoid resection in a 57 years old patient for advanced CRC. The follow-up assessments included: blood samples for CA 19-9 and CEA, endoscopy and imaging methods. We also sampled peripheral blood to determine the level of ctDNA. Its value corresponded to the development of the disease throughout the period. Twice it outperformed imaging methods. CEA showed some degree of unreliability, especially after prolonged illness. CA 19-9 was in the normal range at all times. CONCLUSION: Circulating tumor DNA is an effective tool in the diagnosis of recurrent metastatic CRC. In patients with detectable ctDNA, its level correlates with the tumoral mass in real time. It has a predictive value in monitoring the treatment response. Its implementation in the follow-up of patients with CRC may have an impact on the choice of treatment strategy and consequently on patient survival.
Subject(s)
Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Humans , Liquid Biopsy , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, LocalABSTRACT
Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumours varying in prognosis, treatment approach, and overall survival. Recently, novel markers have been identified which are linked to patient prognosis and therapeutic response. Especially the mutation of the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1/2) gene and the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status seem to be the most important predictors of survival. From 2012 to 2015, 94 Czech patients with primary brain tumours were enrolled into the study. The IDH1/2 mutation was detected by denaturing capillary electrophores.The methylation status of the MGMT gene and other 46 genes was revealed by MS-MLPA. In all 94 patients, the clinical data were correlated with molecular markers by Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox regression model. The MGMT promoter methylation status was established and compared to clinical data. In our study eight different probes were used to elucidate the MGMT methylation status; hypermethylation was proclaimed if four and more probes were positive. This 3 : 5 ratio was tested and confirmed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses. The study confirmed the importance of the IDH1/2 mutation and hypermethylation of the MGMT gene promoter being present in tumour tissue. Both markers are independent positive survival predictors; in the Cox model the IDH hazard ratio was 0.10 and in the case of MGMT methylation it reached 0.32. The methylation analysis of the panel of additional 46 genes did not reveal any other significant epigenetic markers; none of the candidate genes have been confirmed in the Cox regression analyses as an independent prognostic factor.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/genetics , DNA Methylation/genetics , DNA Modification Methylases/genetics , DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics , Glioma/genetics , Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics , Brain Neoplasms/enzymology , Czech Republic , Disease-Free Survival , Epigenesis, Genetic , Female , Glioma/enzymology , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , ROC Curve , Regression Analysis , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The association of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene variants with the pathogenesis of T2D, gestational diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was examined. The study involved 1460 individuals: 347 T2D patients (D); 261 gestational diabetics (G); 147 offspring of T2D (O); 329 women with PCOS, and 376 controls (C). The SNPs: rs7901695; rs7903146; rs12255372 in the TCF7L2 gene were genotyped. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, oGTT derived indices were assessed. In addition, free fatty acids (FFAs) were evaluated in 183 non-diabetic women. The CTT haplotype showed the strongest association with T2D with OR 1.57, p=0.0003. The frequency of the CTT/CTT haplotype was decreasing in following order: D 10.6, O 9.5, G 6.1, C 5.3 and PCOS 4.9 [%]. Among CTT carriers, significantly decreased levels of oGTT-stimulated insulin and C-peptide as well as proportions of fasting PUFAs were observed. The carriership of CTG/TCG was associated with gestational diabetes, OR 2.59, p=0.036. The association of TCF7L2 haplotypes with T2D and gestational diabetes but not with PCOS was confirmed. Novel association of TCF7L2 with FFAs composition was found.
