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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.009.].
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Objective:To discuss the protective effect of Syringin (SYR) on myotube cell atrophy induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its molecular mechanism.Methods:After C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes, they were divided into normal control group, model group and syringin group according to the random number table method. The cultured medium of model group and syringin group were added with LPS with a concentration of 200 ng/ml; the cultured medium of the syringin group was also added with 10 μmol/L syringin for 24 h. CCK8 was used to detect cell viability. In cell supernatant, NO release was detected with Griess and TNF-α level was detected by ELISA kit. The expression of NF-κB, PPAR γ1, MyHC were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the model group, the viability of cells [(101.08±8.92)%, (79.53±5.19)% vs. (69.07±7.16)%] in the 10 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L syringin groups were significantly increased ( P<0.01 or P<0.01), of which 10 μmol/L syringin had better effect. Compared with the model group, the level of NO [(2.92±0.33) μmol/L vs. (3.57±0.41) μmol/L] in the syringin group was significantly decreased after 6 hours of intervention ( P<0.01), and the cells in the syringin group after 24 hours of intervention, the level of TNF-α [(2.73±0.29) pg/ml vs. (4.15±0.29) pg/ml] was significantly decreased ( P<0.01), and the protein expression of cellular NF-κB (0.95±0.24 vs. 1.16±0.28) was significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the protein expression of MyHC (0.79±0.15 vs. 0.70±0.16) was increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SYR could inhibit the inflammatory response induced by LPS, promote the activity of myotubes, and antagonize the damage of LPS to myotube cells.
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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections among rural residents in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into improving the control strategy. @*Methods@#According to the Zhejiang Provincial Surveillance Programme on Soil-borne Nematodiasis and Clonorchiasis, 5 administrative villages were randomly selected in Tiantai County according to geographical locations on April, 2021, and all permanent residents at ages of 3 years and older were sampled from each village using a cluster sampling method. Subjects' gender, age, occupation, education level and deworming were collected. Subjects' stool samples were collected, and soil-borne nematode eggs were detected using the modified Kato-Katz technique, and larval culture was performed using a filter-paper culture method among hookworm egg positives for identification of hookworm species. In addition, the intensity of infection was evaluated using hookworm eggs per gram stool sample. @*Results@#A total of 1 013 residents participated in the survey, including 495 men (48.86%) and 518 women (51.14%), and there were 502 participants at ages of 51 to 70 years (49.56%), 874 farmers (86.28%) and 436 subjects with an education level of primary school (43.04%). However, no subjects received deworming. The prevalence of hookworm infections was 3.85% among the study subjects, and only Necator americanus was identified. There were 31 cases with mild infections (79.49%), 5 cases with moderate infections (12.82%) and 3 cases with severe infections (7.69%), and all infections occurred in farmers. The prevalence of hookworm infections was 3.84% among men and 3.86% among women. No hookworm infection was detected among residents at ages of <41 years, and the prevalence of hookworm infections appeared a tendency towards a rise with age among residents at ages of 51 years and older (χ2trend=24.091, P<0.001), while the prevalence of hookworm infections appeared a tendency towards a decline with educational levels among residents (χ2trend=19.534, P<0.001). The greatest prevalence of hookworm infections was found in Qianyang Village (10.95%).@*Conclusions@#Hookworm disease is the predominant type of soil-borne nematodiasis in Tiantai County, and the middle-aged and elderly farmers with a low education level are high-risk populations for soil-borne nematodiasis control.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of chest compression synchronized ventilation on cerebral oxygenation in porcine cardiopulmonary resuscitation model.Methods:The porcine ventricular fibrillation model was constructed and randomly(random number)divided into two groups by envelope method. According to the different modes of ventilator during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, they were named intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) group and chest compression synchronized ventilation (CCSV) group. The arterial blood lactic acid value at 4 and 7 min after resuscitation and 30 min after spontaneous circulation recovery , carotid blood flow (CBF) within 1-8 min during resuscitation, cerebral oxygen saturation at 1 , 2 , 3, and 4 h after resuscitation were recorded. Neurological score was assessed 24 h after resuscitation.Results:The lactic acid value at 3 time points in the CCSV group was significantly lower than that in the IPPV group; during the resuscitation, the CBF of the pig carotid artery in the CCSV group was significantly higher than that in the IPPV group within 1-8 min during resuscitation; cerebral oxygen saturation was also significantly higher in the IPPV group at all time points after resuscitation. The neurological score of the CCSV group decreased significantly 24 h after resuscitation.Conclusions:The choice of CCSV ventilation mode in porcine ventricular fibrillation model can significantly improve cerebral perfusion during cardiac arrest and cerebral oxygenation after resuscitation.
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Purpose@#This study attempted to detect the changes of cervical cancer screening rate and willingness among female migrants, and the associated socio-demographic factors in Shenzhen city. @*Materials and Methods@#Two citywide surveys were conducted using a multistage random cluster sampling method in 2011 and 2014, respectively. Data on demographic characteristics, screening participation, and willingness to screen were collected. Logistic regression models were applied to detect possible associated socio-demographic characteristics, and their variations with survey years. @*Results@#In total, 12,017 female migrants were enrolled, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 36.73 (6.55) years. From 2011 to 2014, the screening rate increased (25.8% vs. 35.1%, p < 0.001), while the willingness to screen remained stable (82.2% vs. 82.8%, p=0.46). Overall, socio-demographic characteristics of female migrants, including age, marital status, education, monthly income, employment, and medical insurance, were found to be positively associated with screening participation. Similar impacts in relation to willingness were observed except for age. However, these associations varied with survey years, mainly in the contributions of education and monthly income to screening participation, as well as age, monthly income, and medical insurance to willingness of being screened. @*Conclusion@#Identifying changes of associated socio-demographic factors precisely is warranted of necessity, which provides novel clues to adjust targeted actions regularly in promoting cervical cancer screening participation among female migrants in Shenzhen.
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Objective@#To explore the role of inhibitory KIR (iKIR) and its cognate HLA ligand in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer among ethnic Han Chinese and its potential mechanism.@*Methods@#Peripheral blood samples from 265 Han Chinese patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/cervical cancer and 200 ethnically matched healthy controls were collected. The results of KIR PCR-SSP, HLA PCR-rSSO and KIR3DL1 PCR-SBT, together with cervical cancer data from the TCGA database, were used to assess the association of iKIR genes, receptor-ligand gene combinations, iKIR transcription level in the tumor tissue and the KIR3DL1 alleles with the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.@*Results@#Among the four iKIR genes (KIR2DL1, 2DL2/3, 3DL1 and 3DL2), the frequencies of KIR3DL1 and KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 genes among controls were significantly higher than those of the cervical cancer group (96.5% vs. 87.0%, P = 0.018; 81.5% vs. 64.8%, P=0.009). The survival rate of cervical cancer patients with a high transcription level of KIR3DL1 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than those with a low/medium transcription level (P = 0.028). The frequency of strong-inhibitory and high-expression KIR3DL1*01502 allele among the healthy population was significantly higher than that of the cervical cancer group (76.0% vs. 59.3%, P = 0.015).@*Conclusion@#Combined KIR3DL1 and KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 can confer a protective effect against the development of cervical cancer, which may be attributed to the strong-inhibitory and high-expression allele of KIR3DL1*01502.
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Objective@#To explore the mechanism of Shengxian decoction in the treatment of heart failure by using metabolomic technology.@*Methods@#Rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group and administration group according to body weight, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in model group and administration group were induced by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin to duplicate rat heart failure model. The rats in the treatment group were given Shengxian decoction 3.83 g/kg, while those in the control group and model group were given distilled water of equal volume once a day for 4 weeks. The levels of CK, AST, LDH and MDA in serum of rats were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the metabolite profiles were collected by high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Metabolic pathways were obtained by pathway enrichment analysis, focusing on key metabolic enzymes and metabolic pathways.@*Results@#Compared with the model group, the serum CK (1 015.44 ± 201.49 U/L vs. 1 301.89 ± 311.54 U/L), AST (210.59 ± 80.34 U/L vs. 421.56 ± 120.32 U/L), LDH (1 211.64 ± 416.61 U/L vs. 601.58 ± 311.74 U/L) in the administration group significantly decreased (P<0.05), and MDA (209.21 ± 151.15 nmol/ml vs. 1 251.15 ± 110.64 nmol/ml) levels significantly increased (P<0.05). The metabolic distribution of rats in the control group was significantly separated from that in the model group, and the administration group was between the two groups. After dimension reduction, blood biomarkers were obtained by partial least squares discriminant analysis, including citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, arachidonic acid, canine uric acid, serine, sphingosine, Cer (d18:0/14:0), SM (d18:1/22:0), SM [d18:0/18:1 (11Z)], SM (d18:0/16:1). Metabo Analyst 4.0 analysis showed abnormal metabolism in heart failure rats, which mainly involved arachidonic acid metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, citric acid metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.@*Conclusions@#The Shengxian decoction has a good therapeutic effect on heart failure rats. Regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, citric acid metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis may be the key mechanisms for its treatment of heart failure.
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Objective To explore the mechanism of Shengxian decoction in the treatment of heart failure by using metabolomic technology. Methods Rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group and administration group according to body weight, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in model group and administration group were induced by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin to duplicate rat heart failure model. The rats in the treatment group were given Shengxian decoction 3.83 g/kg, while those in the control group and model group were given distilled water of equal volume once a day for 4 weeks. The levels of CK, AST, LDH and MDA in serum of rats were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the metabolite profiles were collected by high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Metabolic pathways were obtained by pathway enrichment analysis, focusing on key metabolic enzymes and metabolic pathways. Results Compared with the model group, the serum CK (1 015.44 ± 201.49 U/L vs. 1 301.89 ± 311.54 U/L), AST (210.59 ± 80.34 U/L vs. 421.56 ± 120.32 U/L), LDH (1 211.64 ± 416.61 U/L vs. 601.58 ± 311.74 U/L) in the administration group significantly decreased (P<0.05), and MDA (209.21 ± 151.15 nmol/ml vs. 1 251.15 ± 110.64 nmol/ml) levels significantly increased (P<0.05). The metabolic distribution of rats in the control group was significantly separated from that in the model group, and the administration group was between the two groups. After dimension reduction, blood biomarkers were obtained by partial least squares discriminant analysis, including citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, arachidonic acid, canine uric acid, serine, sphingosine, Cer (d18:0/14:0), SM (d18:1/22:0), SM [d18:0/18:1 (11Z)], SM (d18:0/16:1). Metabo Analyst 4.0 analysis showed abnormal metabolism in heart failure rats, which mainly involved arachidonic acid metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, citric acid metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Conclusions The Shengxian decoction has a good therapeutic effect on heart failure rats. Regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, citric acid metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis may be the key mechanisms for its treatment of heart failure.
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Objective To build demand scale for Post-hospital intestinal colostomy patients and test the reliability and validity. Methods Through the investigation of relevant literature at home and abroad,Based on the Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory, in combination with intestinal colostomy patients psychological scale, using qualitative research, a semi-structured interview was conducted in 12 patients with colostomy A thorough understanding of colostomy patients Post-hospital care needs content (interview time as follows:September-October 2015), to analysis the interview recording data, the item pool of the scale for post-hospital care needs in patients with colostomy was constructed. Choosing 200 patients from the department of Proctology of third-grade class-A hospitals of Jilin province, and carries on the scale of clinical testing, after collecting the relative data , and make use of Critical Ration、the correlation coefficient method and the internal consistency coefficient method、further concludes that the scale items should be added or not, and picking up the internal consistency reliability 1/2 reliability retest reliability content validity and structure validity to analysis each item. Results The demand scale for Post-hospital intestinal colostomy patients included 6 dimensions and 24 items. The total content validity index (S-CVI) of the scale was 0.968, and the content validity index (I-CVI) of each item was 0.78-1.00. By exploratory factor analysis, 6 principal components were extracted, and the cumulative explanation variation of 6 principal components was 91.753％. This indicated that the scale had good validity. The total Cronbach a coefficient of the scale was 0.751, and the Cronbach a coefficient of each dimension was 0.968-0.974, all above 0.7, which indicated that the internal consistency was good. The half-fold reliability and retest reliability of the scale were 0.794 and 0.827 respectively. Conclusion The scale designed in this study has good reliability and validity, and can be used as an effective assessment tool for nursing needs of patients after discharge from enterotomy.
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Drug delivery systems (DDS) are defined as methods by which drugs are delivered to desired tissues, organs, cells and subcellular organs for drug release and absorption through a variety of drug carriers. Its usual purpose to improve the pharmacological activities of therapeutic drugs and to overcome problems such as limited solubility, drug aggregation, low bioavailability, poor biodistribution, lack of selectivity, or to reduce the side effects of therapeutic drugs. During 2015-2018, significant progress in the research on drug delivery systems has been achieved along with advances in related fields, such as pharmaceutical sciences, material sciences and biomedical sciences. This review provides a concise overview of current progress in this research area through its focus on the delivery strategies, construction techniques and specific examples. It is a valuable reference for pharmaceutical scientists who want to learn more about the design of drug delivery systems.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of inhibitory KIR (iKIR) and its cognate HLA ligand in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer among ethnic Han Chinese and its potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood samples from 265 Han Chinese patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/cervical cancer and 200 ethnically matched healthy controls were collected. The results of KIR PCR-SSP, HLA PCR-rSSO and KIR3DL1 PCR-SBT, together with cervical cancer data from the TCGA database, were used to assess the association of iKIR genes, receptor-ligand gene combinations, iKIR transcription level in the tumor tissue and the KIR3DL1 alleles with the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.@*RESULTS@#Among the four iKIR genes (KIR2DL1, 2DL2/3, 3DL1 and 3DL2), the frequencies of KIR3DL1 and KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 genes among controls were significantly higher than those of the cervical cancer group (96.5% vs. 87.0%, P = 0.018; 81.5% vs. 64.8%, P=0.009). The survival rate of cervical cancer patients with a high transcription level of KIR3DL1 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than those with a low/medium transcription level (P=0.028). The frequency of strong-inhibitory and high-expression KIR3DL1*01502 allele among the healthy population was significantly higher than that of the cervical cancer group (76.0% vs. 59.3%, P =0.015).@*CONCLUSION@#Combined KIR3DL1 and KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 can confer a protective effect against the development of cervical cancer, which may be attributed to the strong-inhibitory and high-expression allele of KIR3DL1*01502.
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Female , Humans , Alleles , Asian People , China , Ethnicity , HLA-B Antigens , Genetics , Protective Factors , Receptors, KIR , Receptors, KIR3DL1 , Genetics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)in the treatment of breast cancer patients with vertebral metastases. Methods Retrospective analysis of 83 breast cancer patients with spinal metastases underwent PVP was conducted. The scores of visual analogue,Karnofsky performance status and mobility were evaluated 24 h before and 24 h,1 month,3 and 6 months after PVP. Re-sults All patients were successfully completed the operation with no serious complications. After PVP,all the scores were improved,with a statistically significant difference between 24 h before PVP and 24 h,1 month,3 and 6 months after PVP(P < 0.05). Conclusions PVP can significantly relieve pain and improve the quality of life for breast cancer patients with vertebral metastases.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of the Paecilomyces Lilacinuson extracellular polysaccharides on the phenotypic and maturation of murine dendritic cells. Methods: Imature DCs were induced in vitro from the murine bone marrow cells in the presence of rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4, and then they were cultured with different dosage of the extracellular polysaccharides. The morphological characterization was analyzed under microscopy. The expressions of the DCs surface costimulating factors and phagocytic function to FITC-dextran were detected by flow cytometry. The level of IL-12 secreted by DCs was observed by ELISA. At the same time the influence of DCs on the proliferation of T cells was determined by MTT. Results:Treating with the polysaccharides for 48 h could up-regulate the expression of DCs surface molecules,such as CD11c,MHCⅡ,CD80 and CD86,and the 400 μg/ml was the optimal dose,comparing with the blank control group, the difference was significant (P<0. 01), contrast to LPS control group that was not different ( P<0. 05 ) . The uptaking FITC-dextran ability of the DCs treated with 300 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml polysaccharides was significant lower than the unstimulated DCs(P<0. 05). At the same time the extract at different concentration could distinctly enhance the proliferation of T cells by DCs too. Conclusion:The extracellular polysaccharides could stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells and induce the production of mature dendritic cells.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Paecilomyces Lilacinuson extracellular polysaccharides on the phenotypic and function maturity of mouse dendritic ceils.Methods Mononuclear cells were isolated from the mouse bone marrow cavity and added with cytokines for obtaining the recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophagocyte colony stimulating factor(rmGM-CSF),recombinant mouse interleukin 4(rmIL-4) was induced to differentiated to immature DCs.Then different concentrations of extracellular polysaccharides were used to conduct the intervention.The mature DCs surface marker CD11c,major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ (MHC Ⅱ),CD80,CD86 molecular expression and phagocytosing FITC-dextran ability was detected by the flow cytometry.The effect of the polysaccharides on DCs Toll-like receptor(TLR)2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR.Results After 400 μg/mL polysaccharides action for 48 h,the expression of DCs surface molecules such as CD11c,MHC Ⅱ,CD80 and CD86 was significantly up-regulated compared with the blank control group (P＜0.05);after the polysaccharides action,the ability of DCs phagocytosing FITC-dextran was decreased,especially the effects of 300,400 μg/mL of polysaccharides were more significant compared with the control group (P＜0.05).In addition,the polysaccharides could down-regulate the expression of TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in DCs,the DCs down-regulation effect after 100-400 μg/mL polysaccharides treatment,the difference compared with the blank control group was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The extracellular polysaccharides can up-regulate the expression of DCs surface CD11c,MHC Ⅱ,CD80 and CD 86 molecules,decreases the phagocytosis ability and down-regulates the expression of TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA,which preliminarily indicates that the polysaccharides could stimulate the differentiation and maturation of murine DCs.
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Objective:To investigate the protective effect of resveratrol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell injury in human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs).Methods:hPDLCs were cultured and identified.The cultured hPDLCs were divided into 5 groups:control group and LPS(10 μg/ml) + RES(0/30,60 and 90 μmol/L respectively) groups.The cell proliferation was detected by MTI assay.The secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 of hPDLCs was detected by ELISA kit.The expression of TLR4/NF-κB mRNA and protein was determined by PCR and Western blot analyses,respectively.Results:The cultured cells were negative for cytokeratin and positive for vimentin staining.Compared with the control group,cell proliferation was decreased,the secretion of TNF-α/IL-6 levels and the expression of TLR4/NF-κB mRNA and protein were increased after treatment with LPS.Whereas,with 30-90 μmol/L resveratrol pretreatment,the proliferation ability of hPDLCs was enhanced(P ＜ 0.05),the secretion levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and the expression of TLR4/NF-κB mRNA and protein were reduced (P ＜ 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:Resveratrol may attenuate LPSinduced cell injury by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway in hPDLCs.
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Stem cell-based therapy is a promising treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism underlying the maintenance of renewal and replacement capabilities of endogenous progenitor cells or engrafted stem cells in a pathological environment remains elusive. To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV (ASI) on the proliferation and differentiation of the engrafted neural stem cells (NSCs), we cultured NSCs from the hippocampus of E14 rat embryos, treated the cells with ASI, and then transplanted the cells into the hippocampus of rat AD models. In vitro experimentation showed that 10(-5) M ASI induced NSCs to differentiate into ß-tubulin III(+) and GFAP(+) cells. NSCs transplantation into rat AD models resulted in improvements in learning and memory, especially in the ASI-treated groups. ASI treatment resulted in an increase in the number of ß-tubulin III(+) cells in the hippocampus. Further investigation showed that ASI inhibited PS1 expression in vitro and in vivo. The high-dose ASI downregulated the Notch intracellular domain, whereas the low-dose ASI increased Notch-1 and NICD. In conclusion, ASI treatment resulted in improvements in learning and memory of AD models by promoting NSC proliferation and differentiation partly through the Notch signal pathway.
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Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of different synchronization chemotherapy for mid-dle -advanced cervical cancer.Methods 96 patients with middle -advanced cervical cancer were selected as the research objects.According to the digital table,they were divided into the observation group and control group, 48 cases in each group.The observation group was used radiotherapy combined with nedaplatin chemotherapy,The control group was used radiotherapy cisplatin and 5 -fluorouracil chemotherapy,The efficacy,transfer rate,pelvic recurrence rate,4 year survival rate and side effect of the two groups were compared.Results The effective rate in the observation group was 91.8%,87.5% in the control group,there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =0.446 5,P >0.05);The rate of distant metastasis,pelvic recurrence and 4 year survival rates between the two groups had no significant difference(χ2 =1.200 0,1.338 0,1.523 8,all P >0.05);The incidence rate of Ⅲneutropenia in the observation group was 4.2%,which was lower than 22.9% in the control group(χ2 =7.206 7,P <0.05);The incidence rate Ⅲ gastrointestinal reaction of the observation group was 20.8%,which was lower than 47.9% of the control group(χ2 =7.803 8,P <0.05).Conclusion The two schemes of radiotherapy clinical cura-tive effect of chemotherapy in the treatment of middle -advanced cervical cancer has a same effect,and the patients of nedaplatin chemoradiotherapy has better tolerability,safety,which is worth of clinical application.
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Objective To observe the effects of kidney-tonifying therapy on spatial learning, memory abilities and ultrastructure of hippocampal dentate gyrus ( DG ) cells of kidney deficiency rats induced by sexual intemperance. Methods SD rats with low reproductive capacity were caused by continuously mating for 6 months, and then were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely model group, low- and high-dose of Liuwei Dihuang pills (LDP) groups (in the dosage of 4.8, 9.6 g·kg-1·d-1), low-and high-dose of Jingui Shenqi pills (JSP) group (in the dosage of 5.2, 10.4 g·kg-1·d-1), 8 rats in each group. Except the model group, the other groups were respectively given with the corresponding medication. SD rats aged 2 months served as the normal control group. After treatment for 30 continuous days, the learning and memory abilities of rats were examined by Morris Water Maze. The cell ultra structure of hippocampal dentate gyrus was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results The results of the place navigation test of Morris water maze showed that the escape latency of rats was prolonged obviously in the model group compared with that of the normal control group (P<0.01), and the escape latency of rats in the medication groups was shorter than the kidney deficiency model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The results of spatial probe test showed that the residence time in the former hidden platform quadrant and its surrounding area was significantly shortened in the model group compared with that of the normal control group ( P<0.01) , but was prolonged after medication of high-dose JSP ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 compared with that of the model group). Under the electron microscope, the cell ultra structure lesions of hippocampal dentate gyrus were much relieved in the high-dose LDP group, and high-dose JSP group as compared with those of the model group. Conclusion ( 1) Long-term sexual intemperance can impair spatial learning and memory abilities and causes the cell ultra structure lesions of hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats. (2) The kidney-tonifying therapy can significantly alleviate the spatial learning and memory disturbance and the cell ultra structure lesions of hippocampal dentate gyrus induced by sexual intemperance. ( 3) There are not significant differences between the two kidney-tonifying therapies in improving spatial learning and relieving cell ultra structure lesions. The effect of JSP on improving spatial memory abilities is better than that of LDP.
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In this work, retinal penetration of fluorescein was achieved in vitro by covalent attachment of taurine to fluorescein, yielding the F-Tau conjugate. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were used to confirm the successful synthesis of F-Tau. The cellular uptake of F-Tau in adult retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) was visualized via confocal scanning microscopy. The results indicated an improvement of solubility and a reduction of logP of F-Tau compared with fluorescein. As compared with fluorescein, F-Tau showed little toxicity, and was retained longer by cells in uptake experiments. F-Tau also displayed higher transepithelial permeabilities than fluorescein in ARPE-19 and hRMECs monolayer cells (P<0.05). These results showed that taurine may be a useful ligand for targeting small-molecule hydrophobic pharmaceuticals into the retina.
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Objective:To study the effect of priming technique combined with time limit on shortening the onset time of cisatra-curium besilate. Methods:Totally 112 adult patients undergoing selective operation with general anesthesia were randomly divided into group A, B and C. Fentanyl with the dose of 4 μg·kg-1 and propofol with the dose of 2 mg·kg-1 were used in the three groups as the inducing agents. Group A was first with intravenous injection of cisatracurium besilate 20 μg·kg-1 , and 3 minutes later, the in-ducing agents and cisatracurium besilate with the dose of 80 μg·kg-1 were respectively injected. Group B was first with intravenous injection of cisatracurium besilate with the dose of l00 μg·kg-1 , and 1. 5 minutes later, the inducing agents were injected. Group C was respectively injected with the inducing drugs and cisatracurium besilate with the dose of l00 μg·kg-1 . The T1 percentage before the induction, the time of 90% and 100% inhibition of muscle twitching, the rating of trachea cannula and adverse drug reactions in the three groups were observed and compared. Results:There was no significant difference in the excellent rate of trachea cannula a-mong the three groups (P>0. 05). Compared with group A and B, group C showed no T1 suppression before the induction, while group B with T1 of (9. 8 ± 2. 6) was higher than group A with T1 of (3. 2 ± 1. 5) (P<0. 01). The time of 90% and 100% inhibition of muscle twitching in group C was the longest (P<0. 01), and the incidence of adverse drug reactions in group C was also the highest (P<0. 05). Conclusion:The application of priming principle and time limit can effectively shorten the onset time of cisatracurium be-silate with significant effect and high safety.
