The effect of durability of knowledge transfer through reminiscence on the moral sensitivity of nurses.

BACKGROUND: Nursing is a moral attempt and endeavor. Moral sensitivity training is one of the most important ways to strengthen nursing moral decision making. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of durability of knowledge transfer through reminiscence on nurses' moral sensitivity. METHODS: The present study is a controlled randomized clinical trial conducted in pre- and post- interventional forms. The research population consisted of all nurses working at Bushehr Persian Gulf martyrs training hospital in 2017, 68 nurses participated as samples in the study selected by available sampling method and then randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control groups. In this study, Morphological Sensitivity Questionnaire of Lautzen was used. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been confirmed. The pre-test was obtained from the control and intervention group. An 8-hour reminiscence training session was held for the intervention group. In order to study, the durability of training, posttest was obtained from both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 19 and using t-test, Chi-square, paired t-test. RESULTS: The mean moral sensitivity score in nurses before intervention in both groups was not statistically different (P = 0.42). The comparison of the mean scores of nurses' moral sensitivity after intervention in the control and intervention groups, which in fact, indicates the durability of education, showed a significant difference. (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the transfer of knowledge and education through reminiscence has a lasting effect on enhancing the moral sensitivity of nurses. Therefore, its inclusion in nursing educational programs as a training strategy can be considered as a step toward facilitating the training of nurses' moral sensitivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with decree code: IRCT2016021612830N18 on May 17, 2017. This study adheres to the CONSORT 2010 statement guidelines.

Marriage Related Suicide Fatality Rates.

Objective: The present study aimed at estimating the case fatality rates of suicide acts in different marital status subgroups and to find interrelation with a population living in Bushehr province along the coastal region of the Persian Gulf coast in southwest of Iran. Method : In this analytical and observational study, suicidal data were gathered in 5 successive years (2008-2012) in the population of Bushehr. Data were extracted from suicide registration forms provided by the Psychiatric Health Unit of Ministry of Health. Questions mainly focused on demographic characteristics, including age, sex, literacy, residency, marital status, birth rank, the number of previous suicide attempts, and probable reasons of suicide, such as family conflicts or/and psychiatric complications. Fatality rates in different subgroups (male/female; married/unmarried; etc.) were compared and odds ratios were computed. The main limitation of this study was the lack of a specific grouping for those who cohabited together (Those who live together and have a sexual relationship without being married). The logistic regression model was used in data analysis. Results: Case mortality rates of suicides were found to be 3.5% for both sexes, 5.2% in males and 2.7% in females. However, among the single population, either divorced or widowed, the probability of death due to suicide was 3.5 times higher (95% CI: 1.5-2.9) as compared to the unmarried. Age as a confounding factor in fatality rates made a significant difference between married and unmarried people, and differences disappeared after adjusting for age. However, fatality rate was still higher in the widowed /divorced group compared to other groups even after adjusting for age. Conclusion: Fatality rate was higher in married people compared to the unmarried, however, after adjusting for age as a determinant factor, no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. The highest death rate belonged to the age-specific widowed /divorced individuals as compared to all other marital status subgroups.

A Bayesian Analysis With Informative Prior on Disease Prevalence for Predicting Missing Values Due To Verification Bias.

AIM: Verification bias is one of the major problems encountered in diagnostic accuracy studies. It occurs when a standard test performed on a non-representative subsample of subjects which have undergone the diagnostic test. In this study we extend a Bayesian model to correct this bias. METHODS: The study population is patients that have undergone at least two repeated failed IVF/ICSI (in vitro fertilization/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection) cycles. Patients were screened using ultrasonography and those with polyps were recommended for hysteroscopy. A Bayesian modeling was applied on mechanism of missing data using an informative prior on disease prevalence. The parameters of the model were estimated through Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. RESULTS: A total of 238 patients were screened, 47 of which had polyps. Those with polyps were strongly recommended to undergo hysteroscopy, 47/47 decide to have a hysteroscopy and in 37/47 polyps confirmed. None of the 191 patients with no polyps detected in ultrasonography underwent a hysteroscopy. A model using Bayesian approach was applied with informative prior on polyp prevalence. False and true negatives were estimated in the Bayesian framework. The false negative was obtained 14 and 177 true negatives were obtained, so sensitivity and specificity was estimated easily after estimating the missing data. Sensitivity and specificity were equal to 74% and 94% respectively. CONCLUSION: Bayesian analyses with informative prior seem to be powerful tools in the simulation of experimental space.

Hemodynamic Changes in Experimentally Envenomed Anaesthetized Rats by Intravenous Injection of Hemiscorpius lepturus Venom.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the hemodynamic changes (Inotropic, chronotropic and arrhythmogenic) in intravenously envenomed anesthetized rats with Hemiscorpius lepturus venom. The neutralizing potencies of different drugs and commercial antivenom were assessed simultaneously. METHODS: Different doses of the crude venom (100, 200 and 400µg/rat) were injected during five minutes via the femoral vein and cardiovascular changes were recorded in rats in Razi Institute Corporation, Karaj, Iran in 2017. The drugs (Atropine, lidocaine, propranolol and prazosin) were injected before the venom for determination of the counteracting effects. Different volumes (100, 500 and 1000µl) of the antivenom were pre envenomed to neutralize cardiovascular changes. RESULTS: Temporary hypertension and bradycardia with no arrhythmogenic effects were depicted within twenty minutes. There was a difference in arterial pressure between the venom (400µg/rat) and the vehicle at 8 minutes (114.68±5.1mmHg versus 70.2±4.3mmHg). Elevation of the mean arterial pressure was inhibited by propranolol (2 mg/kg) and neutralized by prazosin (1mg/kg) while lidocaine (4mg/kg) and atropine (1mg/kg) had no effects. Premedication with Iranian commercial antivenom (1000µl) produced surprisingly temporary hypertension compared to the vehicle (140.84±4.5 versus 84.3±3.2). It had no neutralizing properties on blood pressure variation before the venom injection. Volume-expanded hypertension phenomenon was ruled out in a parallel study. CONCLUSION: This venom has vasoconstrictive effects in rats probably due to the presence of norepinephrine like materials in its content or liberated from adrenal gland inhibited by prazosin premedication. The neutralizing effects of antivenom on venom-induced hypertension are questionable.

Comparison of the effect of typical firefighting activities, live fire drills and rescue operations at height on firefighters' physiological responses and cognitive function.

This study examined the impact of various types of firefighting activities on firefighters' physiological responses and cognitive function. Each firefighter was engaged in three conditions: (1) Live-fire activities (LFA), (2) Typical firefighting activities (TFA), and (3) Rescue operations at height (ROH). The effects of various types of firefighting activities on the physiological responses and cognitive function were evaluated by heart rate (HR), temporal artery temperature (TT), and the correct response (CR) on a cognitive test. The results indicated that, compared to the baseline, physiological response increased, while information processing performance decreased after the activity. Furthermore, HR and TT were significantly lower at the end of the firefighting activity in the LFA (149.33 bpm; 38.08 °C) compared with the TFA (152.22 bpm; 38.17 °C) and ROH (159.28 bpm; 38.24 °C) conditions. Also, CR was significantly higher at the end of the activity in the LFA and TFA compared with the ROH condition. The results showed that rescue at height was more intensive than the other firefighting tasks in decreasing physiological and cognitive function capacity after the experiment. Practitioner Summary: We assumed that various types of firefighting activities would have different effects on physiological and cognitive functions during firefighting activities. The Findings suggest that rescue at height operations, performed without the use of special protective equipment, was more influential than other firefighting duties in changing firefighters' physiological and cognitive capacity. Abbreviations: CR: correct response; LFA: live-fire activities; TFA: typical firefighting activities; ROH: rescue operations at height; HR: heart rate; TT: temporal artery tempearture; PASAT: pased auditory serila addition teat; FPC: firefighting protective clothing.

Experimental data for synthesis of bi-metalized chitosan particle for attenuating of an azo dye from wastewater.

In this data article, we introduce data acquired from new adsorbent, bi-metalized chitosan particle that is successfully synthesized and applied to remove the orange II dye, an azo dye, from textile wastewater. The adsorbent was meso- and macro-porous material with BET surface area of 12.69 m(2)/g and pHzpc 6.6. The simulated textile-wastewater can be significantly treated using a relatively low quantity of the adsorbent. Overall, the use of bi-metalized chitosan particle can be considered a promising method for eliminating the azo dye from wastewater effectively. Accordingly, these data will be useful for decolorizing of azo dyes from textile wastewater.

The efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in Iranian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B infection is an important health problem all over the world, and according to the studies, Iran is a country with intermediate prevalence, so vaccination is a cost-benefit approach. In this study, evidence about the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine was collected by systematic review methods and its amount was estimated by a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, documents and literature search were performed using valid key words in Information Sciences Institute, PubMed, Scientific Information Data base, and Iranmedex databases from 1997 to 2010 in different regions of Iran. All cross-sectional studies about the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in Iran which fulfilled the inclusion criteria entered the study. Antibody titer (Anti-hemoglobins > 10 IU/L) was considered as the desired efficacy. In order to present the results, prevalence and Forest plot were used and for evaluation of the inconsistency meta-regression model and I(2) index were used. We used R.15.3.2 software for analysis. RESULTS: Totally 64 studies (52 studies in general population and 12 studies among specific populations) including 12,575 subjects with age range from 8 months to 55 years entered the meta-analysis. The efficacy was 86.3% (confidence interval [CI]: 83.9-88.7%) in the general population and 59.62% (CI: 47.9-71.29%) in specific patient populations. Also the efficacy was significantly related to the year of publication, age and gender (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Prevention is an important issue in general health. Hepatitis B vaccination is one of the methods used to prevent hepatitis B infection. According to this study, the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination was more than 80% in general population, so injection of full course of hepatitis B vaccinationis enough and booster dose is not required.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice about Emergency Contraception among health staff in Bushehr state, south of Iran.

Emergency Contraception (EC) is used within a few days of unprotected sex to prevent an unintended pregnancy. About one quarter of pregnancies in south of Iran are unintended. EC is important option that women can use after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure for preventing of unplanned pregnancies and adverse maternal and perinatal health outcomes. Health staff have influence on women's contraceptive behavior and their knowledge and attitudes about EC can affect women's contraceptive behaviors. Data are lacking about the knowledge, attitude and practice of hormonal EC method among health staff in Bushehr state, south of Iran. A cross-sectional study using self administered questionnaire was conducted. A sample of 170 health staff were surveyed. The mean age of respondents was 30.6±5.1. Overall 6.5% of participants had poor knowledge, 25.2% moderate knowledge, 68.3% good knowledge about EC. Half of participants had positive and half had negative attitude towards the EC method. Midwives and family health workers were more knowledgeable (p<0.05) and more frequently counseled women about EC than general practitioners (GPs) (p<0.001). The most cited reason for EC prescriptions were rupture condom and none use of contraception. Our findings showed despite of majority of health staff had good knowledge about EC, their knowledge about the indications for prescription of EC and its side effects was inadequate. The educational efforts for health staff should be focused more on the specific aspects of EC method. GPs also should be more involved in family planning program.

The relationship of general health, hardiness and spiritual intelligence relationship in Iranian nurses.

OBJECTIVE: Nursing is one of the stressful jobs that affect nurse's well-being. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between spiritual intelligence, hardiness and well-being among Iranian nurses. METHODS: Samples of this cross- sectional study selected by Randomized stratified sampling, 125 nurses who have been working in different wards of Bushehr university hospitals. Data were collected using spiritual intelligence, hardiness, well-being and demographic characteristics questionnaires. Correlation, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey and regression analysis were applied. RESULTS: The results revealed a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and hardiness, spiritual intelligence and well-being, Hardiness and well-being. It also showed that among the demographic characteristics (age, gender, working ward, marital status, job experiences, and education) working ward significantly correlated with spiritual intelligence. CONCLUSION: Improvement of spiritual intelligence and reinforcement of hardiness could help increase the well-being of nurses.