Ribosome-binding protein-1 (RRBP1) expression in prostate carcinomas and its relationship with clinicopathological prognostic factors.

INTRODUCTION: Studies in recent years have shown that ribosome-binding protein-1 (RRBP1) is expressed at high rates in many cancers and that it may be a potential prognostic biomarker. The objective of the present study is to determine the RRBP1 expression level in prostatic carcinoma and neighboring non-neoplastic prostate tissue, the relationship between its expression level with prognostic factors, and the role of RRBP1 in the development of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 45 patients who were diagnosed with prostatic carcinoma and underwent radical prostatectomy in our center between the years 2010 and 2021. Pathology reports were reviewed. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of RRBP1 and GADPH values of the cases (control and tumoral tissue) between the primary tumor stage (pT) and Gleason score (GS) groups. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explain the effective variables in explaining the RRBP1 value of the research cases. RESULTS: According to the Mann-Whitney U test, mean and median RRBP1-T values of the cases with GS ≥ 8 were detected to be statistically significantly higher than the mean and median RRBP1-T values of the cases with GS < 8. CONCLUSION: We found out that RRBP1 was expressed at higher rates in patients with high GS and advanced-stage patients. This result indicated that RRBP1 expression may be important in predicting the prognosis of prostate carcinoma.

Our clinical experience in pelvic magnetic resonance imaging with vaginal contrast.

OBJECTIVES: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important modality for pelvic imaging. Vaginal distension is provided by the use of vaginal contrast in pelvic MRI, and it plays an important role in staging especially cervical and vaginal cancer. The aim of this study is to show whether the use of vaginal contrast material contributes to the diagnosis in pelvic examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between October 1, 2016 and December 30, 2020, a total of 57 patients who underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging with vaginal contrast in the radiology clinic were included in the study and evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Cervical cancer was detected in 38 of the 57 patients included in the study, and when the vaginal pre- and post-contrast staging of the patients was performed, the pre-contrast stage was found to be high in six patients (15%). Eight of 38 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer underwent surgery. When the pathological and radiological staging of the patients who underwent surgery were compared, they were 100% compatible. CONCLUSIONS: The use of vaginal contrast material increases the diagnostic value of MRI in various pelvic pathologies, especially in cervical cancer staging.

The Investigation of the Association of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Biopsy Specimens of the Patients with Granulomatous Disease and Skin Cancer Using the Molecular Method.

BACKGROUND: Clinically, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be confused with granulomatous diseases and skin cancers, and it may lead to erroneous diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis based and histopathology can have some difficulties due to low number of parasites, especially in chronic CL cases. We aimed to emphasize the necessity of considering CL in the differential diagnosis for cases of granulomatous diseases and basal cell carcinoma, particularly in areas where CL is endemic. METHODS: One hundred and seven paraffin-embedded tissue biopsy specimens were selected from the archive, as of 2002, of Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal in Hatay, Turkey. After DNA isolation, performed with the samples were used for PCR analysis with specific 13A, 13B primers targeting kinetoplastid DNA (kDNA) found in all Leishmania species. Another PCR was performed with LITSR and L5.8S primers targeting ITS-1 internal-transcribed-spacer-1 (ITS-1) region to subtype positive samples. Then these samples were further analyzed for subtyping with PCR-RFLP using HaeIII enzyme (BsuRI). RESULTS: Ten out of 107 tissue specimens were positive via kDNA-PCR. Lupus vulgaris, sarcoidosis, skin lymphoma and Leishmania cutis appeared in 9 out of 10 positive specimens. One of the cases presented with a mass on the cheek and was pre-diagnosed with hemangioma, but leishmaniasis did not appear. All of 10 specimens were diagnosed as granulomatous dermatitis. Two out of 10 samples, found positive with kDNA-PCR, were analyzed with ITS-1-PCR and identified as L. infantum/donovani after RFLP. CONCLUSION: Molecular methods should be utilized in the differential diagnosis of CL to eliminate false diagnoses of granulomatous diseases and skin cancers.

Protective effect of alpha lipoic acid on cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

We investigated the protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) against cisplatin (CIS) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ALA is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that exhibits free radical scavenger properties and direct antioxidant effects on recycling of other cellular antioxidants. We used four equal groups of rats. The control group: saline solution (0.9%) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.); ALA group: administered a single dose 100 mg/kg ALA i.p. for 10 days; CIS group was administered a single dose 5 mg/kg CIS i.p. on the first day of the study; CIS + ALA group was administered a single dose 5 mg/kg CIS i.p. on the first day of study, then 100 mg/kg ALA i.p. for 10 days. In the CIS group, Bax, caspase3, malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were increased, whereas Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were decreased compared to the control group. In the CIS + ALA group, Bax, caspase 3, MDA, AST and ALT levels were decreased, whereas Bcl-2, SOD, CAT and GPx levels were increased compared to the CIS group. In the CIS group we found intense perivenule sinusoid dilation, karyomegaly, pyknotic and karyolytic cells, central vein congestion, parenchymal inflammation, mild bile duct proliferation and periportal sinusoid dilation. Histological liver damage was reduced in the CIS + ALA group. ALA may useful for treating CIS induced hepatotoxicity owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Comparison of Head and Neck Cancer Distribution in Turkish and Syrian Populations.

BACKGROUND: Although oral health improves in several countries, global problems are still present. Predictably, the disadvantaged and poor population groups in both developing and developed countries have high rate of malign disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of head and neck cancers (HNCs) and to compare them between Syrian and Turkish population. METHODS: A total of 4570 patients confirmed to have HNC histopathologically from Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Hospital Pathology report archive were retrospectively evaluated. Among them, 452 were Syrian patients while 4118 were Turkish patients. Data were collected from 2010 to 2017. Gender and age information were taken from medical records. According to the pathological results, HNCs were classified. RESULTS: In 474 patients, HNCs were inscriptived, of which 317 were in males and 157 in females aged 23-80 years with histologically approved cancer of head and neck area. Overall, 100 were Syrian patients while 374 were Turkish patients. In both Syrian and Turkish patients, the most observed HNC was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). CONCLUSION: Nowadays, the prevalence of cancer is higher because of the excessive consumption of alcohol, tobacco, chewing, and smoking. For the higher cancer incidence in Syrian refugees, we thought that the impact of war such as stress may have been effective as well as the known several etiologic factors of cancer. For the increased risk of cancer, the early diagnosis of this become more important.

Effects of Probiotic Use on Bacterial Translocation in Created Rat Models with Biliary Obstructions.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of the combined use of probiotic strains on the development of bacterial translocation in addition to liver and intestinal tissue damage due to biliary obstruction in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here, 3 groups each consisting of 10 rats were created:group 1 (sham group), group 2 (obstructive jaundice), and group 3 (obstructive jaundice+probiotic). Groups 1 and 2 were given 1 cc physiological saline solution by oral gavage twice a day; group 3 was given a probiotic solution that included Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium, and Bifidobacterium longum microorganisms by oral gavage twice a day. RESULTS: Markers for liver damage were also found to be significantly improved (p<0.05) in the treatment group (group 3). When compared with groups 2 and 3 in terms of liver histology, damage was found to be significantly more severe in group 2 (p<0.01). With regard to ileal villous depth and ileal inflammation, the pathology was found to be significantly more severe in group 2 than that in group 3 (p<0.05). In blood, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node cultures, group 2 showed a microbiological growth rate of 33.8-58.8%, whereas group 3 showed a microbiological growth rate of 14.3-28.6%. This reduction was evaluated to be statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the combined use of a probiotic in bile duct obstructions reduced bacterial translocation and alleviated pathological changes arising in the liver and terminal ileum histology.

The expressions of AMACR and iNOS in prostate adenocarcinomas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in men. The localized disease often responds to conventional therapies like androgen ablation via castration and/or administration of chemical inhibitors but advanced disease resistant to any curative therapies is still challenge for investigators. There are increasing efforts to enhance the possibility of finding positive and sensitive immune markers for diagnosing and treating prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of AMACR and iNOS in prostate adenocarcinomas with different histopathologic grade. METHODOLOGY: We applied immunohistochemical markers; AMACR and iNOS. Formalin-fixed parafin embedded tissues of 64 prostate needle biopsy specimens diagnosed as prostate adenocarcinoma between 2005-2010 years were included in the study. RESULTS: AMACR expression were found in 58 (90.6%) and iNOS expression in 54 (84.4%) of 64 prostate adenocarcinomas. No significant relationship of AMACR and iNOS was obtained (p>0.05). There was no significant correlation of histopathologic grade of the tumors with AMACR and iNOS expression (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of AMACR and iNOS might be important diagnostic immune markers for prostate adenocarcinomas especially in needle biopsies where the quantity and quality of tissue are limited.

Chromosome imbalances and alterations in the p53 gene in uterine myomas from the same family members: familial leiomyomatosis in Turkey.

Uterine leiomyomas (UL) are extremely common neoplasms in women of reproductive age, and are associated with a variety of characteristic choromosomal aberrations (CAs). The p53 gene has been reported to play a crucial role in suppressing the growth of a variety of cancer cells. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of CAs and the p53 gene on ULs. We performed cytogenetic analysis by G-banding in 10 cases undergoing myomectomy or hysterectomy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a p53 gene probe was also used on interphase nuclei to screen for deletions. In patients, CAs were found in 23.4% of 500 cells analysed, significantly more frequent than in the control group (p<0.001). In the patients, 76% of the abnormalities were structural aberrations (deletions, translocations and breaks), and only 24% were numerical. Deletions were the most common structural aberration observed in CAs. Among these CAs, specific changes in five loci 1q11, 1q42, 2p23, 5q31 and Xp22 have been found in our patients and these changes were not reported previously in UL. The chromosome breaks were more frequent in cases, from high to low, 1, 2, 6, 9, 3, 5, 10 and 12. Chromosome 22, X, 3, 17 and 18 aneuploidy was observed to be the most frequent among all numerical aberrations. We observed a low frequency of p53 losses (2-11%) in our cases. The increased incidence of autosomal deletions, translocations, chromatid breaks and aneuploidy, could contribute to the progression of the disease along with other chromosomal alterations.

Axillary lipogranuloma mimicking carcinoma metastasis after silicone breast implant rupture: a case report.

Silicone-gel-filled breast implants have been widely used for breast augmentation and reconstruction after mastectomy. However, silicone implants have some well-known complications, such as implant rupture, which requires surgical intervention. Dissemination of silicone particles out of the implant causes a granulomatous reaction, a phenomenon known as silicone granuloma, in breast parenchyma as well as axillary, breast and chest wall lymph nodes, which mimics breast cancer metastasis. However, lipogranuloma after silicone breast implant rupture has not been reported in the literature, although it is a common complication after mineral oil or liquid silicone injection. We present a case report of an axillary lymphadenopathy resulting from lipogranuloma after silicone-gel-filled implant rupture. Review of the literature suggests that this is the first report of a lipogranuloma resulting from implant rupture.

Evaluation of fetal autopsy findings in the Hatay region: 274 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present the incidence of fetal anomalies in our region of Hatay, Turkey in order to determine the efficiency of prenatal diagnosis through fetal autopsy, and to compare our statistical data with other national and international studies. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was conducted on 274 fetuses from terminated pregnancies due to abnormal prenatal findings and intrauterine deaths from 2005 to September 2010. Fetuses were evaluated through postmortem examination, external measurements, X-rays, Magnetic Resonance Images, Multislice Computerized Tomography and photographs. The autopsy was completed by the histological examination of each organ. RESULTS: Autopsy was conducted on 274 fetuses. A fetal anomaly was detected in 160 (58.39%) cases. The central nervous system contained the most frequent structural defects (79 cases, 49.38%), followed by malformations in the musculoskeletal system in 36 cases (22.5%). The most frequent multiple system anomalies were central nervous system defect and bilateral adrenal agenesis, musculoskeletal system malformations and urinary system defects. Fetal autopsy provided additional findings in 43 cases (26.88%). CONCLUSION: Fetal autopsy is a very important procedure and an integral part of the general prenatal management. New findings through this method may suggest invaluable data for parents about potential risks in future pregnancies.

Intralober pulmonary sequestration with arterial supply from two different origins: a case report.

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare anomaly, which does not have a connection with the bronchial system and gets its blood supply, generally, from the aorta or its branches. Anatomically, two different forms were described: intralobar and extralobar. Although 74% of intralobar pulmonary sequestrations get their blood supply from the descending thoracic aorta, they may get their blood supply from different arteries. Furthermore, there is more than one arterial anomaly in 14.8% of cases. We report an intralobar pulmonary sequestration, in which arterial blood supply is from two different origins (Arcus aorta and celiac trunk). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature.

Fetal cervical neuroblastoma: prenatal diagnosis.

Neuroblastoma is the most frequent extracranial solid tumor in childhood, but it is seldom diagnosed prenatally. It usually presented with adrenal masses. Presentation of other localization is extremely rare. We report a case of cervical neuroblastoma identified at 20 weeks of gestational age. This is the third case diagnosed antenatally on neck region in the literature. Additionally, it is the first case that extended to the brain. We also discussed the literature for cervical neuroblastoma detected prenatally.

Retrospective analysis of basal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most prevalent cancer type among white-skinned populations worldwide. AIMS: To analyze the gender and age-related incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) histopathologic subtypes, to classify BCCs according to their anatomical location, invasion depth, and size, and to determine the relationship between BCC subtypes and margin of surgical excision. METHODS: All BCCs analysed in our center between 2005 and 2010 were studied retrospectively. The samples, which were totally excised, were included on the basis of histopathological diagnosis of BCC, and confirmed by two pathologists. Patient data included sex, age at diagnosis, tumor location, histological subtypes, invasion depth, and size. RESULTS: We recorded 197 BCCs obtained from 181 white patients (80 females, 101 males). The mean age among males was 64.11, and 59.33 among females. Of the cases, 45.17% were nodular, 22.33% were mixed, and 15.22 were infiltrative type. 91.84% of the cases were located on the head and neck, 3.04% were on the limbs, and 1.52 % were on the trunk. In 32 cases, the margin of surgical excision was positive (17.7%): nodular 12%, infiltrative 43.3%, mixed 20.6%, micronodular 10%, and superfacial multicentric 5.5%. Of these total 32 cases, 34.4% were located on the eyes region, 28.1% were found on the nose, and 15.6% were on the ears. Invasion depth of tumors varied from 0.5 to 22.125 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study exhibit differences in anatomical distribution, sex and mean age, invasion depth, and size of BCC subtypes. The recurrence rate for incompletely excised tumors varies according to the location and type of the tumor. Infiltrative tumors are more likely to recur and have positive margin of surgical excision. The highest positive margin of surgical excision is in infiltrative BCC. Tumors at difficult-to-treat sites and large and/or deeply invasive tumors are more liable to recur.

Granular cell tumor of the posterior tibial nerve as a rare cause of heel pain: a case report.

Granular cell tumor of peripheral nerves is extremely rare. We present the case of a patient with a well-capsulated intraneural granular cell tumor involving the posterior tibial nerve, who presented with chronic heel pain mimicking plantar fasciitis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined intraneural soft-tissue mass within the substance of the posterior tibial nerve. Histopathologic examination showed a granular cell tumor, which is extremely rare in the peripheral nerves. Heel pain is one of the common conditions handled by physicians, podiatrists, and orthopedic surgeons. Posterior tibial nerve lesions at the leg should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients with persistent heel and foot pain. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful method in the anatomical evaluation of focal intraneural lesions.

[Unusual localization of echinococcosis in Cukurova (134 cases)]. / Cukurova Yöresinde Seyrek Yerlesimli Ekinokokkozis (134 olgu ).

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease frequently occurring in societies where agriculture and raising animals are common. In Turkey, it is more commonly observed in eastern and middle Anatolia and in Marmara and Trakya regions. While there is a high rate of occurrence in the liver and lungs, Echinococcosis can occasionally be present in other tissues and organs. In this study which was carried out in the Cukurova region, we found 962 echinococcosis cases in a ten year period. Of these, 134 (13.9%) were located outside the liver and the lung. Our aim was to determine the rate of unusual location of echinococcosis cases in our region and draw attention to the issue.

Gastric infection by Strongyloides stercoralis: a case report.

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode with a complex life cycle that involves colonizing and reproducing in the upper small intestinal mucosa. In a healthy host, the parasite usually does not cause any symptoms. We report a gastric infection case of S. stercoralis. A 72-year-old Turkish man was admitted to the Department of General Surgery with complaints of epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting for five days. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy evidenced a diffuse infiltrate in the stomach, causing decreased distensibility. Microscopically, superficial chronic inflammation with hyperplastic reactive changes and damaged surface was observed. Histopathological examination of the gastric mucosa showed numerous cross-sections of adult worms, eggs and rhabditiform larvae of S. stercoralis developing in the gastric crypts.

Glomus tumor of the hip. An unusual location.

Glomus tumors are usually benign neoplasms that occur in the dermis or subcutaneous tissues of the extremities. They occur very rarely in the hip. We report a patient with severe pain and tenderness in the left hip, especially on palpation, and in the sitting position. On physical examination, there was a soft palpable subcutaneous mass and severe tenderness in the left hip. Ultrasound revealed a hypervascular subdermal mass that was 1.2 cm in diameter, which was subsequently totally excised under local anesthesia. The histopathologic diagnosis was a glomus tumor. The patient has been symptom-free for 3 months of follow-up.

Twin pregnancy with a complete hydatidiform mole and co-existent live fetus: two case reports and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to report the clinical features, management, and outcome of two cases of complete hydatidiform mole with a coexisting viable fetus and to review the literature. CASE REPORTS: In this article, we report on the well-documented follow-up of two cases of twin pregnancies with complete hydatidiform mole and a normal fetus. Genetic amniocentesis showed normal fetal karyotype in both of two cases. In the first case, a live male infant was delivered by a cesarean section because of severe maternal bleeding at 29 weeks of gestation. In the second case, termination of pregnancy was performed due to early onset of severe preeclampsia and vaginal hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: The chances of a live birth have been estimated between 30 and 35% and the risk of persistent trophoblastic disease is similar to singleton molar pregnancies in complete mole with coexisting fetus pregnancy. Therefore, in these pregnancies, expectant management instead of termination of pregnancy can be suggested.

Gradual detorsion of torsioned rat testis attenuates ischemia reperfusion injury.

AIM: This study was designed to investigate effect of gradual detorsion on testicular ischemia reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 21 male rats were divided into 3 groups, each containing 7 rats. Torsion was created by rotating the left testis 720 degrees in a clockwise direction. Group 1 underwent sham operation. Group 2 (sudden detorsion) served as a torsion/detorsion group, receiving 2 hours torsion and 2 hours detorsion. In group 3, 360 degrees detorsion was done for 20 minutes after 720 degrees torsion for 2 hours. Then, testis was done full detorsion for 100 minutes. At the end of the experiments (fourth hour), left orchiectomy was performed to measure the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and to perform histologic examination in testes. RESULTS: The MDA levels of testis tissues were significantly increased in the sudden detorsion group as compared with the sham group. We found decrease of the MDA level in gradual detorsion group, but it was not a statistically significant amount. Significant decrease was found in the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the sudden detorsion group as compared with the sham and gradual detorsion groups. Histologic examinations were in accordance with the testicular tissue MDA levels. CONCLUSION: In the light of our biochemical and histopathologic findings, we can say that gradual detorsion has a trend to decrease the degree of testicular reperfusion injury in the rat torsion/detorsion model.

Vesicular pityriasis rosea: an atypical presentation.

Pityriasis rosea (PR) is an acute, self-limited papulosquamous dermatosis localized on the trunk and extremities. PR is seen most frequently in adolescents and young adults. Many atypical forms of the disease have been reported in the literature. We report a rare atypical type of PR with vesicles on the erythematous macules and plaques.