ABSTRACT
An efficient immune response against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is necessary to clear infection. As HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus, a role for TLR7 in the immune response against HCV is possible, and early clinical studies have demonstrated an antiviral effect of TLR7 stimulation. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variations of TLR7 are associated with chronic HCV-infection and outcome of therapy. The prevalence of three TLR7 variations was analysed in 978 patients with chronic HCV-infection, 898 patients with chronic liver disease of other aetiologies, and in 203 healthy controls. The prevalence of TLR7 variations was correlated with the response to interferon-alpha-based treatment in 544 patients with chronic HCV-infection. We analysed TLR7 polymorphisms by melting curve analysis and reconstructed haplotypes. The c.32A>T variation was over-represented in female patients with chronic HCV-infection compared to patients with other chronic liver diseases and to healthy controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, c.2403 G>A was less prevalent in male patients with chronic HCV-infection (P < 0.05). No association was observed for the third variant, c.1-120T>G. Haplotype analysis confirmed the differential distribution of TLR7 variants between the groups. Within the group of female patients with chronic HCV-infection, c.32T was predictive of an unfavourable outcome of interferon-alpha therapy (P < 0.05). This study reports the association of TLR7 variants with chronic HCV-infection and with the response to interferon-alpha therapy in patients with chronic HCV-infection. Our results suggest that variations of TLR7 impair the immune response to HCV and imply a gender-specific effect of this X-chromosomal variation.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics , Hepatitis C, Chronic/therapy , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Toll-Like Receptor 7/genetics , Belgium , Blood/virology , Case-Control Studies , Cohort Studies , Female , Genetic Variation , Hepacivirus/genetics , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Mutation, Missense , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Xenobiotic mediated cellular injury is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic diseases. Genetic variations that reduce the expression or activity of detoxifying phase II biotransformation enzymes such as the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases might be important in this respect. Recently, a UGT1A7 low detoxification activity allele, UGT1A7*3, has been linked to pancreatic cancer and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether UGT1A7 polymorphisms contribute to the risk of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Genetic polymorphisms in the UGT1A7 gene were assessed in a large cohort of patients with different types of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer originating from the Czech Republic (n = 93), Germany (n = 638), Netherlands (n = 136), and Switzerland (n = 106), and in healthy (n = 1409) and alcoholic (n = 123) controls from the same populations. Polymorphisms were determined by melting curve analysis using fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes. In addition, 229 Dutch subjects were analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: The frequencies of UGT1A7 genotypes did not differ between patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic adenocarcinoma and alcoholic and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that, in contrast to earlier studies, UGT1A7 polymorphisms do not predispose patients to the development of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis.
Subject(s)
Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Glucuronosyltransferase/genetics , Pancreatic Diseases/enzymology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Adult , Cohort Studies , Female , Gene Frequency , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pancreatitis/enzymology , XenobioticsSubject(s)
Cytosine/metabolism , Guanine/metabolism , Histidine/genetics , Keratins/genetics , Liver Diseases/genetics , Mutation, Missense/genetics , Tyrosine/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Chronic Disease , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/genetics , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/genetics , Humans , Keratin-8 , Liver Cirrhosis/genetics , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Keratin 8 is a major component of intermediate filaments in single-layered epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract. Keratin 8 deficient mice display signs of colitis and diarrhoea characteristic for inflammatory bowel disease. Very recently, two keratin 8 mutations, Y54H and G62C, were identified. AIMS: We investigated if these keratin 8 missense mutations were associated with inflammatory bowel disease. PATIENTS: In total, 217 German patients with Crohn' s disease, 131 German patients with ulcerative colitis, and 560 German control subjects were enrolled in this study. METHODS: Samples were analysed by PCR amplification and subsequent melting curve analysis using fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes. RESULTS: The G62C mutation was detected in five (2.3%) patients presenting with Crohn's disease and in three (2.3%) with ulcerative colitis. In comparison, 9 (1.6%) out of 560 controls were heterozygous for this mutation. No patient or control was homozygous for this mutation. Patients carrying one mutant allele did not show any noticeable characteristics in their corresponding phenotype. In contrast, the Y54H mutation was observed in neither any of the 348 patients with inflammatory bowel disease nor in any control subject. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that both keratin 8 mutations, G62C and Y54H, do not play a relevant pathogenic role in inflammatory bowel disease.