ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the interference of tactile and painful stimuli on human early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) including high frequency oscillations (HFOs) to further study thalamocortical processing of somatosensory information. METHODS: Multi-channel median nerve SEPs were recorded during (1) no interference, (2) sensory interference by tactile stimulation to digits 2 and 3, and (3) application of pain to the same digits. Spatio-temporal source analysis separated brain stem (S1), thalamic (S2) and two cortical sources (S3, S4), which were evaluated for the low (20-450 Hz) and high (450-750 Hz) frequency portion of the signal. RESULTS: Low frequency SEPs showed a decrease of activity at cortical source S3 during both conditions, while thalamic source S2 was significantly increased during pain interference. HFOs showed an increase of cortical source S3 and in trend of thalamic source S2 and cortical source S4 during both kinds of interference. CONCLUSIONS: Although the painful stimulus might not be specific for the nociceptive afferents, the present data affirm that at this early stage of sensory information processing within the primary sensory cortex (area 3b, area 1) pain is handled similar to sensory interference. SIGNIFICANCE: HFOs might represent an intrinsic "somatosensory alerting" system which reacts to both interference stimuli in a similar way, therefore indicating an interference without a qualitative evaluation.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/physiology , Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory/physiology , Median Nerve/physiology , Pain/physiopathology , Thalamus/physiology , Touch/physiology , Adult , Brain Mapping , Cerebral Cortex/cytology , Electroencephalography , Female , Humans , Male , Median Nerve/cytology , Neural Pathways , Physical Stimulation/methods , Reaction Time/physiology , Thalamus/cytology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: It is known that the high-frequency oscillations (above 400 Hz) of the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) diminish during sleep while the N20 persists (Neurology 38 (1988) 64; Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 70 (1988) 126; Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 100 (1996) 189). We investigated possible differential effects of sleep on the 600 Hz SEPs at the thalamus and cortex. METHODS: SEPs from 10 subjects were recorded using 64 channels following electric stimulation at the wrist during awake state and sleep stages II, IV and REM. Dipole source analysis was applied to separate brain-stem, thalamic and cortical activity in the low-frequency (20-450 Hz) and the high-frequency (450-750 Hz) part of the signal. RESULTS: The low-frequency SEPs showed a non-significant increase of the latency of the N20 and a bifid change of the waveform in 3 subjects. The high-frequency SEPs showed a significant decrease of their amplitude at the level of the thalamus and cortex but not at the brain-stem. This decrease in amplitude at the thalamus and cortex were significantly correlated. There was no effect on the latency of the signal. In addition, at the cortex, differential effects on early and late parts of the 600 Hz oscillations were found by time-frequency analysis using a wavelet transformation. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep dependent decrease of the high-frequency SEPs were first observed at the thalamus pointing to the known function of the reticular thalamic nucleus regulating arousal. The results presented here provide further evidence for a thalamic origin of the 600 Hz oscillations. In addition, on the basis of the differential effects on early (up to the N20 peak) and late (between 20 and 25 ms) parts of the signal, at least one intracortical generator of these oscillations is proposed. In general, the high-frequency SEPs (600 Hz oscillations) are supposed to reflect activity of a somatosensory arousal system.